2011年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

题干 By saying "Newspapers like … their own doom" \(Lines3-4, Para. 1\), the author indicates that newspapers 用 By saying … the author indicates 的句式，问的是这句话所传达的意思，是典型的句意理解题。

题干主干是 the author indicates that newspapers____，that 引导宾语从句、空在从句谓语位置；前半句 By saying "…" 是介词短语状语，圈定要解释的引文。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱，只需把 indicates 理解为"暗示/表明"。

• A)无中生有

  选项 neglected the sign of crisis（忽视危机征兆）在第一段找不到任何对应——原文里报纸不是忽视，而是"正在记录自己的末日"，主体的态度恰恰相反。

• B)答非所问

  选项 failed to get state subsidies（未获得政府补贴）说的是结果，而原文 Should the state subsidize them? 只是 FTC 抛出的讨论问题，从未说"已经申请且失败"；且 Q26 问的是引文 "chronicling their own doom" 的所指，不是补贴结果。

• C)答非所问

  选项 were not charitable corporations（不是慈善公司）只是 FTC 一系列讨论方案之一 Should they become charitable corporations?，是"未来可能性"，不是 "chronicling their own doom" 引文要传达的当下处境。

• D)✓ 正确
  • chronicling their own doom↔were in a desperate situation
  • the end seemed near↔were in a desperate situation

  预判"形势危急、孤立无援"与 were in a desperate situation"处于绝望境地"是直接对应——doom 即 desperate 的状态体现，无需任何额外推理，逻辑最短即正确。

题干 Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because____ 问的是"为什么做某件具体的事"，属于因果型细节题，答案应来自原文同一句或紧邻句子。

Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because____：主干是 Some newspapers refused delivery，to distant suburbs 是 delivery 的修饰，probably because 引导原因状语，空格在 because 之后填一个原因小句。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  选项 readers threatened to pay less 说"读者威胁要少付钱"，而原文 Readers are paying more for slimmer products. 明确说读者"付得更多"，方向相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • stayed afloat↔wanted to reduce costs
  • refuse delivery to distant suburbs↔wanted to reduce costs

  预判"为了省钱、维持生存"与 wanted to reduce costs 在语义上完全对应——前者强调动机，后者把动机用 reduce costs 这个商业术语概括，逻辑链最短。

• C)无中生有

  选项 journalists reported little about these areas（记者很少报道这些区域）在原文找不到任何依据——原文只说裁了记者、没说记者对偏远郊区报道少；而"停送报纸"与"是否报道该地区"是两件事。

• D)答非所问

  选项 subscribers complained about slimmer products（订户抱怨产品变薄）借用了原文 slimmer products 这个表述，但原文只说"读者付更多钱买更薄产品"这一事实，从未提订户抱怨，且抱怨与"停送偏远郊区"之间也无因果。

题干 Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they____ 给出对比对象并问 because，是典型的细节比较题。

Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they____：Compared with their American counterparts 是过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 Japanese newspapers；much more stable 是 are 的表语，much 修饰比较级；because 引导原因状语从句。their American counterparts = 美国的同行（美国报纸）。

• A)无中生有

  选项 have more sources of revenue（有更多收入来源）在原文找不到——原文只对比了广告占比（87% vs 35%），没说日本报纸有更多种类的收入来源；占比低不等于种类多，二者不同维度。

• B)偷换概念

  选项 have more balanced newsrooms（有更均衡的新闻编辑室）在原文找不到——原文说的是 more balanced businesses（更均衡的生意），balanced 修饰的是收入结构而非新闻编辑室。

• C)✓ 正确
  • In Japan the proportion is 35%.↔are less dependent on advertising
  • American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.↔are less dependent on advertising

  预判"日本对广告依赖低"与 are less dependent on advertising 直接对应，less dependent on advertising 是 35% vs 87% 这一数字差的客观转述，逻辑链最短。

• D)无中生有

  选项 are less affected by readership（受读者数量影响更小）在原文找不到——原文只对比广告依赖度，未谈日本报纸对读者数量的依赖；且"更均衡"恰恰意味着读者收入占比相对上升，并非受读者影响小。

题干 What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business? 用 can be inferred 明确要求推断，且取材限定在最后一段，是段内推断题。

What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?：主干是 What can be inferred；from the last paragraph 是地点状语指明取材段；about the current newspaper business 是 inferred 的论域限定，提示答案要落在"报业现状"这一话题上，不能跑题到别处。

• A)✓ 正确
  • areas where newspapers are least distinctive↔Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
  • But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.↔Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.

  预判"独特性是报业核心特征"与 Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. 直接对应——它是"砍的是不独特+完整不再是美德"这一对照的最短、最稳延伸，符合"推一步、不推两步"的推断纪律。

• B)与原文相反

  选项 Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.（完整性应为报纸的失败负责）把"完整性不再是美德"夸大成"完整性是失败的原因"，且原文全篇都说报业 have not only survived but often returned to profit，根本不是 failure；方向与程度都被夸大反转。

• C)与原文相反

  选项 Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.（驻外机构起关键作用）与原文 Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.（驻外机构被狠裁）方向相反——被狠裁的恰恰是"least distinctive"的领域，属于"该砍的"，根本不 crucial。

• D)过度推断

  选项 Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.（读者已失去对汽车和电影评论的兴趣）从"汽车影评作者被裁"推到"读者失去兴趣"，原文只是说该领域"least distinctive"（不独特，到处都有），不是"读者不感兴趣"——领域不独特≠读者不感兴趣，过度推断。

题干 The most appropriate title for this text would be____ 的 most appropriate title 是主旨题的强标志，答案必须覆盖全文而非某段。

The most appropriate title for this text would be____：主干是 The most appropriate title … would be ____，would be 是虚拟语气表婉转，相当于 is，空在表语位置填一个名词短语。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • these desperate measures have proved the right ones↔American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
  • Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit.↔American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
  • much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive↔American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival

  预判"在挣扎中求生"与 Struggling for Survival 字面对应——Struggling 覆盖了"末日威胁/裁员/绝望措施/砍部门"等困境侧；Survival 覆盖了"幸存/回到盈利/收入更均衡"等转机侧；标题不偏向任何单一侧，正是最大公约数。

• B)与原文相反

  选项 American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind（随风而逝）暗示报纸已经消亡，但全文核心 have not only survived but often returned to profit 明确否定了"消亡"，方向相反。

• C)过度推断

  选项 American Newspapers: A Thriving Business（一个蓬勃发展的生意）把"幸存且小有盈利"夸大成"蓬勃发展"——原文明确说 Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.，利润早已不复当年，只是"有利润"而已，远谈不上 thriving。

• D)与原文相反

  选项 American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story（无望的故事）与全文论调相反——首段就用 But 把"末日论"判为 out of date，第二段直接说"幸存且回到盈利"，全文证据都在反证"无望"。