2023年6月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What might explain humans' having the largest population of almost all mammals? 指向文章中给出原因解释的某一句，并非全文主旨，属于细节题。

主干是 What might explain X，其中 X 由动名词短语 humans' having the largest population of almost all mammals 充当 explain 的宾语；不定式般的动名词结构是六级常见考点，注意 humans' 是 having 的逻辑主语，不是 population 的所有格。

• A)偷换概念

  选项 equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems 用 raw strength 替换原文 raw intelligence，正话反说——文章首段恰恰强调 despite our physical weaknesses，人类身体反而是弱的。

• B)答非所问

  They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives 用 animal relatives 把题点引向 Chimpanzees, human beings' closest animal relatives——黑猩猩，但 51 题问的是 largest population of almost all mammals 的原因，原因句在 P3 而非 P1。

• C)✓ 正确
  • our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box↔possess the most outstanding ability to think
  • our big brains↔possess

  预判已锁定卓越的思考能力，C 选项 possess the most outstanding ability to think 在词面与语义上都与定位句一一对应，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• D)答非所问

  They know how to survive everywhere on earth 是 humans have colonized every corner of the globe 的同义改写，但这是现象本身，不是题目所问的解释；题干 What might explain 要的是 原因。

题干 according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists 限定了观点来源，要求回原文找到该群体说了什么，属典型署名细节题。

主干 What accounts for humans' evolutionary successes，后接 according to 短语作状语限定信息来源；account for 在此意为解释/导致，是六级高频熟词僻义。

• A)张冠李戴

  They are better at innovating solutions 来自 innovating solutions to thorny problems——但这是 P4 But 转折之前被驳的旧解释，不是 a growing number of 科学家的观点；题干限定了观点出处，必须取转折之后。

• B)与原文相反

  They thrive through creative strategies 用 creative——这与 we don't think for ourselves 直接相反，文章明确说人类成功不靠自己思考创新。

• C)无中生有

  They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts 把 ecological contexts 抄过来制造熟悉感，但 naturally adaptive（与生俱来的适应性）这种说法在原文没有任何出处——文章强调的是后天模仿。

• D)✓ 正确
  • by carefully copying others↔imitating others carefully
  • cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts↔meet challenges

  预判已锁定靠仔细模仿来应对挑战，They meet challenges by imitating others carefully 在结构（meet challenges by + 动名词短语）和措辞上与定位句完全同义。

题干问的是作者认为某项研究中 odd 的具体内容，需要回到原文一句话找出对应描述，是细节题而非态度题。

主干 What does the author think is odd about X，think 后跟省略 that 的宾语从句 is odd about the findings，about 短语限定 odd 的范围；考生易把 think is odd 误读成主旨态度题。

• A)✓ 正确
  • children slavishly imitated every action they'd witnessed↔Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters
  • every action they'd witnessed↔every action of the experimenters

  A 选项 Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters 完整对应定位句的两个关键点：irrationally 对应 slavishly/irrationally，every action of the experimenters 对应 every action they'd witnessed。

• B)答非所问

  Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one 描述黑猩猩能区分透明与不透明盒子——这是 P8 黑猩猩对比段的隐含信息，但题干问的是作者认为 odd 的发现，奇怪在儿童这边，不在黑猩猩能不能区分上。

• C)无中生有

  Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did 提到黑猩猩比儿童更快取得食物——这种速度比较在文中没有任何描写。

• D)与原文相反

  Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it 说儿童跳过了敲打这一步——与 children carefully copied all the steps 完全相反，且 P8 显示是黑猩猩在透明条件下才跳过这一步。

题干 What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying? 明确指向某专家对某行为的解释，属于署名+原因型细节题。

主干 What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying，anthropologist 是 Joseph Henrich 的同位语；preference for copying 名词化结构相当于 prefer to copy。

• A)与原文相反

  It originates in the rationality of people around the world 说模仿源于人们的理性——可文中明确说 no one can learn them rationally，恰恰是 没法理性学 才需要模仿；选项把因果反过来了。

• B)✓ 正确
  • people must learn them step by step, trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers↔It stems from the way people learn complex technologies
  • technologies that are often so complex↔complex technologies
  • rely on technologies↔stems from

  B It stems from the way people learn complex technologies 把 Henrich 的两步因果（技术复杂 → 必须一步步模仿）压缩成 模仿源于学习复杂技术的方式，与预判完全吻合。

• C)过度推断

  It results from people distrusting their own wisdom——文章里只有 trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers，即信任 前辈与同伴 的智慧，并未说 不信任自己的智慧；distrust their own 是过度推断 + 与原文相反的合成。

• D)偷换概念

  It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step 把 step by step 抄过来，但说成 是因为人有一步步获取知识的欲望——文章是说 因为技术太复杂、不得不 一步步学习，并不是出于 欲望。手段被替换成动机。

What point does the author want to emphasize 询问的是作者借这句反语想强调什么，属典型推断题。

题干主干 What point does the author want to emphasize when he says "We're not chimpanzees"?，when 引导时间状语从句，指明这句话所在的语境；需要把 not chimpanzees 当作对照、推出人类的特征。

• A)偷换概念

  It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation 把作者的话理解为 模仿是否该避免是个值得讨论的问题——但作者并没有在讨论 是否该避免，而是直接调侃那些反模仿者；arguable（有争议的）是无中生有的态度。

• B)✓ 正确
  • We're not chimpanzees, after all↔It is characteristic of human beings to copy others
  • carefully copying others↔to copy others

  B It is characteristic of human beings to copy others 恰好把反语还原为正面陈述：模仿是人类的特征；其余三项要么没抓到反语指向、要么停留在字面。

• C)以偏概全

  It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers 来自 trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers——这只是 Henrich 一段的局部解释，不是末段反语 We're not chimpanzees 想强调的点；末段强调的是 人类天性模仿，不是 信任前辈这件事好不好。

• D)与原文相反

  It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity 说嘲笑追求不从众的人是天真的——可文中作者恰恰说 you might laugh a little bit，即可以笑一笑，作者站的是支持嘲笑那一方；naive（天真的）正话反说。