2023年12月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What do we learn about spiders in the UK since the middle ages? 用 What do we learn about 引出，问的是关于某对象的客观事实，没有 infer/imply/suggest 等推断信号

题干主句是 What do we learn about spiders in the UK since the middle ages，主干是 What do we learn about X，X 是 spiders in the UK，后面 since the middle ages 是表时间起点的介词短语，整体平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • a cultural association with witches and wickedness↔generally misconceived
  • its prevalence appears unrelated to any rational assessment of risk↔misconceived

  预判落在蜘蛛被文化误解上，A They have been generally misconceived 用 misconceived 概括了原文女巫、邪恶等不实联想，与预判完全对应，是定位句的高度抽象同义替换。

• B)与原文相反

  B 选项 They have adversely impacted crop growth 称蜘蛛对农作物生长有不利影响，但原文 Farmland species perform valuable ecosystem services, by preying on insects that are our competitors for crops 明确说农田蜘蛛吃掉与人类争粮的昆虫，是有利的；B 把有利说成有害，与原文相反。

• C)偷换概念

  C 选项 They have been a constant reminder of bad luck 说蜘蛛是坏运气的提醒，但原文说的是与女巫、邪恶（witches and wickedness）的文化关联，witches/wickedness 是邪恶/巫术，不等于坏运气（bad luck）；二者是不同的文化概念，C 偷换了概念。

• D)答非所问

  D 选项 They have made their presence felt when spinning webs 取自首段 Spiders make their presence felt in late August and through early autumn，讲的是晚夏初秋的自然现象，与题干 since the middle ages 的时间范围毫无关系；属答非所问。

What have spiders been associated with in the UK for centuries? 用 What 引出过去完成时的事实问句，问的是被关联的对象，没有任何推断信号

题干主干是 What have spiders been associated with，spiders 为主语，谓语为现在完成时被动 have been associated with，介词 with 后的宾语正是要回答的内容；in the UK 是地点状语，for centuries 是时间状语，结构清晰。

• A)偷换概念

  A Harm 意为有形的伤害，对应原文应是 spiders 对人造成的实质损害；但原文 Spiders in the UK are almost all harmless 明确说英国蜘蛛几乎都无害——蜘蛛被关联的是文化上的邪恶，而不是实际伤害；A 偷换概念。

• B)✓ 正确
  • wickedness↔Evil
  • witches↔Evil

  由预判 与巫术与邪恶相关联，选项 B Evil 把 witches 与 wickedness 两个并列宾语用一个上位词 Evil 同时归纳，是定位句的精准同义替换。

• C)张冠李戴

  C Suffering 指痛苦/折磨，原文 Fear of spiders is common and has serious impacts on the lives of sufferers 出现 sufferers 一词——但 sufferers 描述的是怕蜘蛛的人所承受的影响，而题干问蜘蛛被关联的对象，主体错位；C 张冠李戴。

• D)无中生有

  D Aggression 指攻击性，原文从未把蜘蛛与攻击性联系起来——焦虑、恐惧、邪恶都不等于攻击；这是文中没有的概念，属无中生有。

What partly accounts for the reduction in spiders' food supply? 用 What accounts for 直接问原因，是典型的因果型细节题，不是推断

题干主干是 What partly accounts for X，partly 修饰 accounts for，X 为名词短语 the reduction in spiders' food supply，其中 spiders' 是所有格修饰 food supply；句子结构简单，重点是 partly 这一限定词。

• A)答非所问

  A The long tradition of collecting insects 取自 British butterflies are the most studied group of insects in the world, due to the long tradition of collecting and observing them，那里讲的是蝴蝶被研究多的原因，与蜘蛛食物减少没有任何因果关系；A 答非所问。

• B)无中生有

  B Fast reproduction of their competitors 称蜘蛛竞争者快速繁殖导致食物减少；但原文 preying on insects that are our competitors for crops 说的是昆虫是人类的庄稼竞争者，主体是人类的庄稼竞争者，并非蜘蛛的竞争者；且原文从未提及 fast reproduction；属无中生有。

• C)✓ 正确
  • pesticide use↔Chemicals used for killing insects
  • thought to be to blame↔Chemicals used for killing insects

  由预判 杀虫剂，C Chemicals used for killing insects 是 pesticide 的标准释义，是定位句最直接的同义替换，无任何外加信息。

• D)过度推断

  D The extinction of a lot of wildlife 称大量野生动物灭绝；原文说的是 the destruction of wild areas for development——破坏野生区（栖息地），不是野生动物灭绝；二者范围与程度都不同，D 过度推断。

What does the passage say is conservationists' biggest worry? 用 What does the passage say 直接问文中陈述的事实/观点，是细节题

题干是嵌套疑问句：主干 What does the passage say is X，间接引语 the passage say (that) X is conservationists’ biggest worry 被改写成 What...is...的疑问形式；要回答的是 What 所代的 X，即保护者最担心的事，结构稍复杂但无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  A A variety of spiders are threatened due to pollution of marshes and wasteland 称蜘蛛因沼泽与荒地受污染而受威胁；但原文 the majority thrive in marshes and wasteland 说蜘蛛多在沼泽与荒地繁衍，从未提到污染；A 用了原文出现的 marshes and wasteland 字眼，但污染（pollution）是无中生有。

• B)✓ 正确
  • those varieties↔Certain species of spiders
  • are threatened↔are endangered
  • habitat loss and fragmentation↔loss of their natural homes

  由预判 栖息地丧失威胁某些物种，B Certain species of spiders are endangered due to loss of their natural homes 与原文 those varieties、are threatened、habitat loss 三处词一一对应，是定位句的高度同义替换。

• C)答非所问

  C An increasing number of spiders are being killed by deadly pesticides 称越来越多蜘蛛被杀虫剂直接杀死；但原文 pesticide use thought to be to blame 说杀虫剂杀的是昆虫（飞虫）、进而影响蜘蛛食物，并非杀虫剂直接杀蜘蛛；C 答非所问，且与题干 biggest worry 不符。

• D)过度推断

  D More and more spider species are found losing their ability to migrate 称越来越多物种正失去迁徙能力；原文 habitat loss and fragmentation, which makes it impossible for them to migrate 说的是栖息地丧失与碎片化导致无法迁徙——无法迁徙是栖息地丧失的结果，而题干问的是最担忧的原因/对象；D 把结果当作主担忧，且加入了原文没有的 more and more（递增趋势），属过度推断。

What wish does the author express close to the end of the passage? 直接问作者在末尾表达的具体愿望，是局部细节题，不是整篇主旨/态度题

题干主干 What wish does the author express，倒装疑问句，主语 the author、谓语 express、宾语 what wish；close to the end of the passage 是位置状语，限定答题范围在末段附近；句子无生词、无难句。

• A)偷换概念

  A More people would recognise spiders' unique status in the ecosystem 称作者希望更多人认识到蜘蛛在生态系统中的独特地位；但原文 in spite of their unique status as nature's spinners 说蜘蛛的独特地位是 纺织者，而非 生态系统中的地位；且 unique status 出现在 in spite of 让步状语里，不是作者愿望句的内容；A 偷换了概念。

• B)与原文相反

  B People would show greater enthusiasm for spiders than for butterflies 称作者希望人们对蜘蛛比对蝴蝶更热情；但原文 It seems unlikely that spiders will ever attract the same level of human enthusiasm as bees, birds or butterflies 是作者承认蜘蛛 不太可能 像蜜蜂/鸟/蝴蝶那样受欢迎，这是事实判断而非作者愿望——B 把作者认为不可能的对照句反向当成愿望，与原文相反。

• C)答非所问

  C There would be sufficient corridors for spiders to move along 称作者希望有足够的廊道供蜘蛛通行；但 wildlife corridors 出现在 spiders will be enabled to migrate by themselves, adapting to climate change by moving along wildlife corridors，属于上一段保护政策的内容；题干已限定 close to the end of the passage，C 位置不对、答非所问。

• D)✓ 正确
  • more animal lovers↔more people
  • recognised the ways in which spiders are simply terrific↔appreciating spiders' splendour

  由预判 更多人能欣赏到蜘蛛的精彩，D There would be more people appreciating spiders' splendour 用 more people 概括 animal lovers，用 appreciating spiders’ splendour 概括 recognised the ways in which spiders are simply terrific——一一对应，是定位句的精准同义替换。