2024年6月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy? 问的是"分裂的原因是什么"，是对原文具体因果关系的客观追问。

Q51 主语是疑问词 What，谓语 accounts for（=解释/导致），宾语是 the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy，about 短语限定 divide 的具体领域。结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  Attention to combating human-made climate change 只对应 P1 里 environmentalist 的"第二种含义"，不是"两种含义的差异"。

• B)以偏概全

  Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems 只对应 P1 里 environmentalist 的"第一种含义"，同样只覆盖单侧。

• C)偷换概念

  原文谈的是 The term "environmentalist" 在 21 世纪的演变，Evolution of the term "green energy" over the last century 把术语换成了 green energy、时间换成了 the last century。

• D)✓ 正确
  • The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism↔Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism

  预判要求答案体现"对环保主义的不同理解→科学界分裂"这一因果链，Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism 是四项中唯一精准覆盖该因果的表述。

What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists\' opponents? 问对立方提出的具体方案，是原文已有的客观表述。

Q52 主干 What is the solution，to energy shortage 修饰 solution，过去分词短语 proposed by purists\' opponents 后置修饰 solution。注意 purists\' 是所有格，opponents 才是真正的主语方。

• A)与原文相反

  Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively 描述的恰恰是 purists 的立场，而非对立方——对立方主张的是核能补缺，绝不"独占"可再生能源。

• B)无中生有

  Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately 谈"化石燃料和绿色能源交替使用"，原文从未提出过"交替使用"这一方案，且对立方明确说核能 far cleaner than oil, gas and coal，即反对烧煤气油。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited↔Opting for nuclear energy when necessary

  预判结论"必要时启用核能补缺"在四项中只有 Opting for nuclear energy when necessary 精准匹配。

• D)无中生有

  Limiting people\'s non-basic consumption 谈"限制非基本消费"，原文只提 consumers\' basic demands——"满足基本需求"和"限制非基本消费"是两回事，后者属凭空引申。

What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example? 直接问"举这个例子是为了说明什么"，是典型例证目的题。

Q53 主干 What point does the author want to make，介词短语 with cities like Burlington as an example 作伴随状语，说明作者作出该 point 时所凭借的例子。with…as… 是"以……作为……"的固定结构。

• A)✓ 正确
  • The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious↔It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world\'s exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable

  预判结论包含三要素"全球范围、独占可再生、可达成性存疑"，A 是四项中唯一同时覆盖三要素的表述。

• B)偷换概念

  cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal 谈"大人口城市是否有可再生资源"，原文 P6 只说 Burlington 这类"小人口"城市，并未把议题转向"大人口城市能否做到"。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 countries that manage to run off renewables typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities 只说"靠可再生运转的国家"通常水电禀赋强，并未质疑其"可持续性"；选项 sustainable hydroelectric capabilities 把客观描述偷换为"是否可持续"的争议。

• D)过度推断

  traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world 谈"是否能在全球范围彻底废除化石燃料"，原文只论"是否能 100% 可再生"，并未直接讨论"彻底废除化石燃料"，两者虽相关但不等价。

What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy? 是对原文中关于德国可再生能源相关事实的复核问题。

Q54 主干 What do we learn about Germany，regarding renewable energy 介词短语限定话题范围（regarding=关于）。句式平铺，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文 Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010 是"自 2010 年以来"约 10 年，而 over the last two decades 是"过去二十年"——时间维度被夸大一倍。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy↔It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy

  预判结论"大型工业国推进绿能的范本"与 B 在主谓宾每个成分上都做到同义替换，是最高质量的同义匹配。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 renewables provided 46% of the country\'s electricity in 2019 是 46%，more than half 是">50%"——46% 显然不到一半，是数字偷换。

• D)与原文相反

  原文只说默克尔 2011 年宣布 Energiewende，未说德国"已成功达成"该目标；事实上 But progress has halted in recent years 直接表明进展停滞，说明远未达成。

What may be one of the reasons for Germany\'s progress having halted in recent years? 问"原因之一"，对应原文列出多条原因中的一条，本质是细节复述。

Q55 主干 What may be one of the reasons，介词短语 for Germany\'s progress having halted 后置修饰 reasons，其中 having halted 是动名词完成式作 progress 的语义谓语，表明"进展已经停滞"这件事。in recent years 是时间状语。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy↔Its grid infrastructure\'s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy

  预判结论"电网跟不上绿电规模"在四项中只有 A 精准命中，主语"grid infrastructure"与原文同名重合，谓语"has fallen behind"与 Lagging 同义。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity 是"电网超负荷迫使电力公司付钱让顾客用电"，forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime 把"付钱让顾客用电"偷换为"电厂停运"，主语和动作均失实。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 many factories still run on coal and gas 是"由于电网无法把北部绿电输到南部"这一被动结果；Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies 把它说成"南部工业区习惯于用传统能源"——把客观限制偷换为主观习惯。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 The instability of renewables doesn\'t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day 是"不仅夜里没电、白天还过剩"——表面看选项 D 似乎和原文一致，但 unstable both at night and during the day 把"夜间缺供+白天过剩"这一具体二元情况偷换为笼统的"昼夜都不稳定"，丢失了关键差异。