2014年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

George Osborne's scheme was intended to____ 直接询问方案的具体设立目的，回到原文 Osborne 介绍方案的那两句即可对应，没有 infer/imply 这类推断信号。

George Osborne's scheme was intended to____ 是 was intended to do 的被动结构，主语是 scheme，to 后接选项里的动词原形短语，等同于 the scheme was designed to do sth.，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit↔encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking
  • will they be eligible for benefit↔encourage

  预判说的"逼失业者主动求职才发钱"与 encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking 在语义上一致，A 直接对应。

• B)与原文相反

  原文方案在领钱前加了简历、登记、找工作、每周报到等门槛，是 easier 的反面，provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits 与原文相反。

• C)偷换概念

  原文方案是给领钱设条件，全文乃至第 4 段反而批评这种设计削弱了原本的权利；guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits 在原文里找不到对应表述。

• D)偷换概念

  motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily 中 voluntarily 与原文 they should report weekly rather than fortnightly 的强制性 should 相反，方案是逼着报到，不是鼓励自愿。

The phrase "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means____ 直接询问一个加引号短语在原文中的意思，是典型的词义/短语题。

The phrase "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means____ 主干是 The phrase means…，most probably 是程度副词，承认答案是上下文里最贴近的一项，并非唯一确解，提示要做语义比对，不是机械翻译。

• A)与原文相反

  to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre 描述的是查岗位信息，与原文把 sign on 放在 looking for work 的对立面相矛盾——如果 sign on 也是找工作，作者就不会把它和 looking for work 对立。

• B)无中生有

  to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance 谈的是接受限制，原文 sign on 是去办登记领救济的动作，文章并未把 sign on 与"接受限制"挂钩。

• C)✓ 正确
  • looking to sign on↔to register for an allowance from the government
  • There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance↔an allowance from the government

  预判说的"去申领救济金"与 to register for an allowance from the government 几乎逐字对应。

• D)无中生有

  to attend a governmental job-training program 谈的是参加培训项目，原文 sign on 仅指登记申领救济，整篇文章未提及任何 job-training program。

What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? 直接问是什么促成 chancellor 推方案，对应原文中说明动机的那一句，无推断信号词。

What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? 主干是 What prompted sb. to do sth.，prompt 在这里是及物动词，主语 What 问的是动因，to develop his scheme 是结果状语，结构简单、无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  A desire to secure a better life for all 中的 for all 把受益对象扩大到全体国民，与原文 only the most deserving claimants received their benefits 严格限定的"最该领的人"相冲突；首段 change lives for the better 是方案的宣传口号，而问题问的是真正动机。

• B)张冠李戴

  An eagerness to protect the unemployed 把保护对象写成失业者，但原文动机句中 protecting 的宾语是 the taxpayer，不是 the unemployed；作者第 3、4 段还专门论证方案恰恰伤害了失业者。

• C)与原文相反

  An urge to be generous to the claimants 与原文 controlling spending 直接相反——控制开支恰恰是收紧而不是慷慨。

• D)✓ 正确
  • his zeal for "fundamental fairness"↔A passion to ensure fairness
  • protecting the taxpayer↔for taxpayers

  预判中的"对公平的热情"+"保护纳税人"两项核心信息正好对应 A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers 的三个核心词 passion、fairness、taxpayers。

According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel____ 限定段落、问具体感受，属于段内信息归纳，本质仍是细节题。

being unemployed makes one feel____ 是动名词短语 being unemployed 作主语 + makes one feel + 形容词的使役结构，空格处必须是描述感受的形容词，提醒考生选项应是单个情绪形容词，而非动作。

• A)✓ 正确
  • hurting↔uneasy
  • financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing↔uneasy

  预判出的"焦虑不安、心里没着落"与 uneasy 在极性（负面）与强度（中等、非极端）上完全一致。

• B)偷换概念

  insulted 强调被他人侮辱、人格被攻击，原文 psychologically embarrassing 只是心理上难堪、尴尬，主体是失业者自身感受、并无他人施加侮辱的动作。

• C)无中生有

  enraged 指被激怒、暴怒，原文整段写的是失业者的恐惧、尴尬、无助，第 3 段没有任何愤怒/抗议的字眼。

• D)偷换概念

  guilty 表示自责/有罪感，原文写失业者 You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment，描绘的是被排斥的无助感，而非道德上的愧疚。

To which of the following would the author most probably agree? 没有给关键词，是问作者会同意四个观点中的哪一个，需要把全文的立场综合后再下判。

To which of the following would the author most probably agree? 是 agree to which 的倒装疑问句，正常语序是 the author would most probably agree to which of the following，提醒考生四个选项是 agree 的宾语，需作者赞同的才是答案。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions↔Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional
  • Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance↔Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional

  预判出的"反对救济金附条件化"与 Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional 在主张方向上一致，A 是作者会赞同的命题。

• B)张冠李戴

  The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness 是 Osborne 在第 2 段背后的指控（subsidises laziness），作者用反问和情绪铺陈反驳了它，不会赞同该观点。

• C)与原文相反

  The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs 与原文 support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get 及 £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU 严重相反，作者不会赞同。

• D)偷换概念

  Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment 把方案效果说成降低"失业风险"，原文方案针对的只是领救济流程、并未承诺也未被作者承认能减少失业本身，作者本就质疑方案对失业者有任何 Help。