2014年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 31–35 题答案与解析

题干 The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as____ 问的是该奖项 "被视为什么"，是对一个具体对象的客观定性，没有 infer/imply 等推断信号词。

The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as____ 是 "主语 + 系动词 + 介词短语" 的不完整陈述句，被动语态 is seen as 等同于 "is regarded as"，下划线处由选项补足表语；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文说 they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science——出资者的目的是把注意力引向科学家，而不是用这笔钱来 "象征自己的财富"。选项 a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth 把 "使用财富的工具" 偷换成 "财富的象征"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize↔a handsome reward
  • those who have succeeded in science↔for researchers

  预判的 "奖金巨额的科研奖" 与 a handsome reward for researchers 完全对应——handsome 接住巨额，researchers 接住科研获奖者，故选 B。

• C)过度推断

  原文 a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes 用 joined 表达 "与诺奖并立"，选项 a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes 把 "加入" 升级为 "取代"，属过度推断。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 Internet entrepreneurs 指 "互联网企业家"，选项 an example of bankers' investments 偷换成 "银行家"；且 "investments" 把 "捐赠 / 奖金" 偷换为 "投资"，双重偷换。

题干 The critics think that the new awards will most benefit____ 要求复述批评者的具体观点，属于立场观点的细节复现，而非延伸推断。

The critics think that the new awards will most benefit____ 主句是 The critics think，that 引导宾语从句，从句主语 the new awards、谓语 will most benefit 缺宾语，由选项补足；结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未出现 "profit-oriented scientists（逐利科学家）" 这一群体，更未说他们最受益，纯属虚构。

• B)与原文相反

  原文说新奖项 could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research——批评者认为新奖项会扭曲（损害）这一机制，选项却说它最受益，与原文极性相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • those behind them↔the founders of the new awards
  • an exercise in self-promotion↔most benefit

  预判 "幕后出资人最受益" 直接锁 the founders of the new awards，那些幕后之人就是奖项创立者本人。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 They do not fund peer-reviewed research 明确说新奖项不资助同行评审研究，对该研究并无 benefit；选项却称其最受益，正话反说。

题干 The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves____ 不问例子细节，而问 "这个例子卷入 / 涉及什么"，本质是问例子用来证明哪个观点。

The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves____ 主语为长名词短语 The discovery of the Higgs boson，which 引导限制性定语从句修饰 a typical case，which 在从句中作主语、involves 后缺宾语由选项补足。

• A)张冠李戴

  legitimate concerns over the new prizes 出自 there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed——但 legitimate concerns 是用来形容整体的奖项分配问题，与希格斯玻色子的例证无直接关联；希格斯玻色子直接证明的是 "诺奖规则被撑破"，不是 "新奖项的合理质疑"。

• B)偷换概念

  原文争论点是 who is ignored——谁被忽略，焦点在 "漏掉的人"；选项 controversies over the recipients' status 把焦点偷换成 "获奖者的地位"，地位与是否被忽略不是同一回事。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the collaborative nature of modern research↔the joint effort of modern researchers

  预判 "现代科研的协作本质" 与 the joint effort of modern researchers 一一对应，故选 C。

• D)偷换概念

  选项 the demonstration of research findings 利用了原文 as will be demonstrated by 中的 demonstrated 字面，但原文的 demonstrate 是 "证明（某论点）"，而非 "展示（研究成果）"；选项偷换为 "研究成果的展示"，与例证目的毫无关联。

题干 which of the following is true of the Nobels? 是典型的 "以下哪项符合原文" 选项级真伪判断，依据严格限定在 Paragraph 4 内。

According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels? 主句为 which 引导的特殊疑问句，According to Paragraph 4 是状语限定信息来源，of the Nobels 修饰主语 which；结构简单，关键是看清范围限定在第四段。

• A)过度推断

  原文 Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy 承认是时间最终赋予合法性，但这恰恰反向暗示历史上对其合法性曾有疑虑——否则不需要 "时间来赋予"；选项 History has never cast doubt on them 用 never 把可能存在的疑虑彻底否决，属过度推断到绝对极端。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Time↔Their endurance
  • has given them legitimacy↔has done justice to them

  预判 "时间赋予合法性" 与 Their endurance has done justice to them 完全对应——endurance 接 Time、has done justice to them 接 has given them legitimacy，故选 B。

• C)与原文相反

  原文在第四段反而指出现有奖项（包括诺奖）的代表性问题——Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences ... takes an unrepresentative view 及诺奖三人上限不堪现代协作之重；选项 They are the most representative honor 称诺奖 "最具代表性"，与全段批评意旨相反，且 "最 representative" 一说原文从未出现。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy 是 "已经赋予了合法性"——是已完成的结论；选项 Their legitimacy has long been in dispute 却称 "合法性长期处于争议中"，把已尘埃落定的现在完成事实偷换成持续的争议状态。

题干 The author believes that the new awards are____ 显式询问作者本人的看法，是态度题的标准句式。

The author believes that the new awards are____ 主句 The author believes，that 引导宾语从句；从句主语 the new awards、系动词 are 后缺表语由选项补足；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science 明确说 "钱和关注流向科学是件好事"，作者认为新奖项值得公众关注；选项 unworthy of public attention 说 "不值得公众关注"，与作者立场极性相反。

• B)无中生有

  subject to undesirable changes 称新奖项会经历 "不良变化"，但原文从未提及 "会发生不良变化" 这一论断——既无 "changes" 也无 "undesirable" 在 P5 中作用于新奖项。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please 与 It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace 体现作者认为新奖项对科研文化无害、应当接纳；选项 harmful to the culture of research 说 "有害于科研文化"，与作者末段评价反向。注意 that is the culture of research, after all 中 "批评和质疑机制本身才是科研文化"——批评新奖是研究文化的体现，而不是新奖在伤害文化。

• D)✓ 正确
  • As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards↔despite the criticism
  • It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace↔acceptable

  预判 "尽管存在批评，新奖项仍是可以接受的" 与 acceptable despite the criticism 完全对应——despite the criticism 接 As much as some scientists may complain，acceptable 接 wise to take，故选 D。