2014年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

题干 A lot of students take up law as their profession due to 是一句具体事实+原因填空，落点在某段定位句，不是全局推断或主旨。

A lot of students take up law as their profession due to____：主干是 students take up law，as their profession 是 take up 的方式状语，due to 引出原因短语作状语，整句平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  the growing demand from clients 文中只字未提客户需求增加，原文相邻处只有 spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation，谈的是花费增长而非需求增长，且也未把它与学生选法学挂钩。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation 中 inflation 只是"做对比的参照系"，并非吸引学生学法律的原因；the increasing pressure of inflation 把参照对象偷换成驱动力。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 most law graduates never get a big-firm job 明说多数毕业生根本进不了大所，the prospect of working in big firms 把"少数人的实际去向"误读成"普遍吸引诱因"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools↔the attraction of financial rewards

  预判的"赚很多钱吸引人"在四项中只有 the attraction of financial rewards 与之一一对应，其它三项均与定位句无对应。

Which of the following adds to the costs 是从四项里挑出推高成本的那一项，本质是要在原文找出某条具体做法并和选项对应。

Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?：主语是 Which of the following，谓语 adds to（加剧/推高），介词短语 in most American states 限定范围。注意 add to 不是 add up，意为"增添"，非"加起来"。

• A)无中生有

  Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies 谈"本科学费高"，但原文只说要读一个"无关本科"作为先决条件，从未比较其学费高低，更未将其作为致贵环节。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 an expensive preparation for the bar exam 是"为律师资格考试做备考"，Receiving training by professional associations 偷换成"接受专业协会的培训"，主语与施动者都不同。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association 明说律师协会认证的是"法学院"，Admissions approval from the bar association 误读成"考生须经律师协会批准入学"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject↔Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major

  在定位句列出的三段花费里，只有"先读一个无关本科"被选项 Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major 精确对应，且它正是文章后文要建议改革的环节，强化为本题答案。

Hindrance…originates from 要的是文章明写的归因，不是要你推断，对应的应是原文一句直接陈述。

Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from____：主语 Hindrance to the reform of the legal system（of+of 双层修饰：对法律体制之改革之阻碍），谓语 originates from，空格填名词性短语作宾语。两层 of 嵌套可能让基础薄弱的考生绕晕，把它读成"阻碍"+"改革"+"法律体制"三层即可。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the state-level bodies that govern the profession↔the rigid bodies governing the profession

  预判的"州级管理机构太保守"与 the rigid bodies governing the profession 精确对位，rigid 是 too conservative 的标准同义概括，锁定 A。

• B)与原文相反

  Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers 明说律师和客户都会从改革中受益，根本不是阻力；lawyers' and clients' strong resistance 与原文立场相反。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文 If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so 中"stern test"是改革派用来支持"提前考"的假设前提，并非阻挡改革的因素，the stern exam for would-be lawyers 张冠李戴。

• D)无中生有

  本段及全文均未提及"非专业人士对法律体系的尖锐批评"，non-professionals' sharp criticism 系凭空捏造。

partly because it____ 让你从原文里找到"为什么这个结构是限制性的"的某一条理由，定位精确、对应明确，是细节题。

The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it____：主干是 The structure is considered restrictive，partly because it____ 是原因状语从句，it 指代 The guild-like ownership structure。空格在 it 之后，要填动词性短语，做从句的谓语+宾语。

• A)与原文相反

  原文只说 This keeps fees high，即拉高客户付费，并未说律师拿不到应得利润；prevents lawyers from gaining due profits 把方向写反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm↔bans outsiders' involvement in the profession

  预判"禁外行进入持股"与 bans outsiders' involvement in the profession 精确对应，且与同段后文 keeping outsiders out of a law firm 反向印证，锁定 B。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文 opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically 表述的是反对改革者的观点：现状反而保护职业操守；选项 aggravates the ethical situation in the trade 说"恶化"，与该陈述方向相反，且把对方观点当成作者结论。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm 说的是非律师不得持股，keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares 把禁令对象从"非律师"偷换成"律师"。

In this text, the author mainly discusses____ 直接问全文主旨，是典型主旨题题干。

In this text, the author mainly discusses____：状语 In this text + 主语 the author + 谓语 mainly discusses + 空格作宾语，结构极简，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America 把话题改成"如何成为成功律师"，原文除 The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money 一笔带过外，完全没讨论成功律师的成因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • One is the excessive costs of a legal education↔a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it

  四项中只有 a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it 同时覆盖"问题+解决方案"双线，且"a problem"用单数也契合作者把多条成因统归一题的论述口径。

• C)以偏概全

  本科非法专业只是 P3 提到的局部成因之一，并由 One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree 当作可改革点；the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education 把局部成因当作全文主旨，明显以偏概全。

• D)以偏概全

  flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes 只覆盖 P5 一段的股权话题，丢掉了 P3 法学教育成本与 P4、P6 的方案与呼吁；另外作者重点是"开放后的好处与建议"，而不是"股权缺陷的成因"。