2026年英语四级真题长难句

The team found that residents of the developments that had received the leaflets believed it more likely that local officers would find out about illegal activity than residents of the control areas.

该团队发现，相较于对照区域的居民，收到传单的社区居民更相信当地警察更有可能发现违法活动。

"The opposite results of our study suggest coffee consumers acquire a taste for or an ability to detect the bitterness of caffeine due to the learned positive reinforcement brought out by caffeine."

我们的研究得出了相反的结果，这表明，咖啡消费者之所以逐渐喜欢上咖啡因的苦味，或具备辨别这种苦味的能力，是因为咖啡因所带来的习得性正向强化。

We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule.

我们原本打算去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子家族的大型聚会，但得知就在海岸外不远处的大堡礁岛最近获评为“暗夜星空保护区”——这类地方通常地处偏远，拥有“非凡或独具特色的星空夜色”——我们觉得，在忙碌的行程开始前，那里会是放松身心的完美去处。

Although prior studies in animals and humans have shown some biological and behavioral similarities between substance-use disorders and addictive-like consumption of highly processed foods, no studies have looked at whether reducing junk food can trigger withdrawal symptoms in people, she noted.

她指出，尽管此前针对动物和人类开展的研究显示，物质使用障碍与对高度加工食品的成瘾性消费之间存在一些生物学和行为上的相似之处，但尚无研究考察过，减少垃圾食品摄入是否会引发人类的戒断症状。

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic.

这项研究于周三发表在《神经病学》杂志上。研究无法证明运动能够预防痴呆症，这一发现也并不令人意外——人们早已知道运动与痴呆症风险降低之间存在相关性——但研究结果的差异幅度尤其显著。

A permanent underestimation of one's own abilities is often accompanied by the fear that this supposed intellectual deception will be exposed sooner or later and that they will pay the price for this.

长期低估自己的能力，往往伴随着这样的恐惧：这种自以为是的智力欺骗迟早会被揭穿，而自己也将为此付出代价。

The locals are a relaxed and friendly bunch—a lot of them told us that it's like what Waiheke Island (now in effect a suburb of Auckland) was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.

当地人都很放松友善——很多人告诉我们，这里很像20世纪70年代的怀赫科岛（如今实际上已成为奥克兰的一个郊区），当时那里是艺术家和想逃离城市的人们聚居的地方。

Based on the participants' self-reported symptoms, withdrawal symptoms were significantly more intense between the second and fifth days after attempting to reduce junk-food consumption, which parallels the time span people live through during drug withdrawal.

根据参与者自我报告的症状，在尝试减少垃圾食品摄入后的第2至第5天，戒断症状明显更为强烈，这与人们经历药物戒断时所持续的时间段相当。

Another highlight was an hour-long walk to Kaitoke hot pools in the centre of the island, through wetlands and a forest, where we whiled away a good hour sitting in the pools shaded from the heat by layers of delicate umbrella-like plants.

另一个亮点是徒步一小时前往岛中央的凯托克温泉。途中我们穿过湿地和森林，在温泉池中消磨了整整一个小时；池子上方层层叠叠的伞状植物为我们遮挡了酷热。

They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it's hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support) and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island.

他们会把多布森望远镜和懒人沙发带到岛上的任何地方（没有颈部支撑，仰着头睁大眼睛惊叹地凝视星空可是很辛苦的事）；而且，听到还有热巧克力，我们的大女儿很是高兴。

This type of study can't say exactly what kind of exercise is best, or how much is needed—only a study that has a placebo(安慰剂) group and tracks people going forward can do that, said Keith Fargo, director of scientific programs and outreach at the non-profit Alzheimer's Association.

非营利组织阿尔茨海默病协会科学项目与推广部主任基思·法戈表示，这类研究无法确切说明哪种运动最好，或需要进行多少运动；只有设置安慰剂组并对参与者进行前瞻性跟踪的研究才能回答这些问题。

Wide awake at 3:30 am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I've ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

凌晨三点半，我和九岁的女儿在小屋的阳台上毫无睡意。我凝望了几个小时那片我见过的最令人惊叹的夜空，直到黎明缓缓抹去地平线上的星辰，几颗流星也渐渐消逝。

About 5% of the women with the highest peak workload—those who were able to bike the hardest over those 6 minutes—developed dementia, compared to 25% of those with medium fitness and 45% who weren't fit enough to finish the test, the study found.

研究发现，在峰值工作负荷最高的女性中，也就是能在这6分钟内以最大强度骑车的女性，约有5%患上了痴呆症；相比之下，中等健康水平的女性中这一比例为25%，而身体状况差到无法完成测试的女性中，这一比例为45%。

Researchers found that people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs, according to the study.

研究人员表示，根据这项研究，试图减少食用高度加工食品的人，会出现一些与戒烟或戒毒者相同的身心症状，例如情绪波动、焦虑、头痛和睡眠质量差。

Several lifestyle studies are getting underway soon, including one backed by the Alzheimer's Association called the US POINTER study, which will offer at-risk adults, ages 60-79, a series of lifestyle interventions(干预) to see if they impact Alzheimer's risk.

几项生活方式研究即将启动，其中包括一项由阿尔茨海默病协会支持、名为 US POINTER 的研究。该研究将为年龄在 60 至 79 岁、存在患病风险的成年人提供一系列生活方式干预措施，以观察这些措施是否会影响他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险。

Though the study mentioned above was fairly small (only 191 women took the initial fitness test, which means it's hard to maintain statistical significance while breaking the group down into sub-categories of more or less fit), it does give us hope that dementia can be prevented or delayed through exercise in one's middle age.

尽管上述研究的规模相当有限（最初只有191名女性接受了体能测试，这意味着如果再按体能水平将参与者细分为更健康和不太健康的亚组，就很难保持统计学显著性），但它确实让我们看到希望：人在中年时期通过锻炼，或许能够预防或延缓痴呆症的发生。

Those that believed they fell claimed that the capitalists squeezed every ounce of surplus they could from the working class.

那些相信自己已经倒下的人声称，资本家从工人阶级身上榨取了他们所能榨取的一切剩余价值。

Researchers Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest wondered whether our tendency to believe that social ties are reciprocal could lead us to mistakenly feel that a stranger does actually know us.

研究人员阿努吉·沙阿和迈克尔·拉福雷斯特想知道，我们倾向于相信社会关系是相互的，这是否会导致我们误以为一个陌生人确实了解我们。

Secondly, the test supported the assumption that people with a tendency to exhibit the Impostor Phenomenon devalue their objectively measured performance and attribute positive results to external causes such as luck and chance, but not to their own abilities.

其次，测试结果支持了这一假设：倾向于表现出冒名顶替现象的人，会低估通过客观方式测得的自身表现，并将积极结果归因于运气、机缘等外部因素，而不是自身的能力。

Even more strikingly, the team found that immediately after the leaflet distribution, there were fewer criminal complaints and arrests in the areas around the developments that had received the leaflets than around the control developments.

更令人瞩目的是，研究团队发现，传单发放后不久，收到传单的开发项目周边地区的刑事投诉和逮捕案件数量，少于对照开发项目周边地区。

After a 28-hour flight with two travel-sick children, our hearts sank when we saw the tiny twin engine 10-seater that was to take us the 90km across the Hauraki Gulf to Great Barrier Island.

经过 28 个小时的飞行，还带着两个晕机的孩子，当我们看到那架即将载着我们飞越豪拉基湾、前往大屏障岛的小型双引擎十座飞机时，心都沉了下来。

On the other hand, advocates of organic farming argue yields and efficiency could be significantly improved if the food industry devoted as much research and money to organic farming as it does conventional agriculture.

另一方面，有机农业的倡导者认为，如果食品行业像对待传统农业那样投入同等规模的研究和资金用于有机农业，其产量和效率将会得到显著提高。

"It's odd but when the light readings were done," said Hilde, explaining how the island was awarded its special status, "they found there was more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000km away, than Auckland to the south.

“这很奇怪，但在进行光照测量时，”希尔德解释该岛如何获得这一特殊地位时说道，“他们发现，北侧来自斐济的光污染，竟然比南侧来自奥克兰的还要严重，而斐济距离这里大约有 3000 公里。”

Beginning their astronomical PowerPoint demonstration using a green laser pointer, Hilde and Orla showed us the Messier 4 spherical cluster(星团) with white dwarf stars(白矮星), Saturn and its rings, the Southern Cross and the Milky Way, which stretched across the sky.

希尔德和奥拉用绿色激光笔开始了她们的天文主题 PowerPoint 演示，向我们展示了包含白矮星的梅西耶 4 球状星团、土星及其光环、南十字座和横贯天空的银河。

Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust, that protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong.

一些研究人员认为，还存在另一种类型的厌恶感，即道德厌恶感，它能防止我们参与那些可能被视为道德上错误的活动。

Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症) and other dementias are believed to begin 15-20 years before symptoms even appear, so it makes sense that exercising in mid-life would affect the risk, Skoog said.

Skoog说，人们认为，阿尔茨海默症及其他痴呆症在症状出现前15至20年就已经开始发展，因此，中年时期进行锻炼会影响患病风险是合乎情理的。

The few highly fit women who did develop dementia became symptomatic at age 90 on average, 11 years later than the moderately fit.

少数确实患上痴呆症且身体素质极佳的女性，平均在90岁时出现症状，比身体素质中等的女性晚了11年。

The findings may also shed light on the barriers people face when changing eating habits—barriers that may play a role in people dropping out of treatments, she said.

她说，研究结果还可能揭示人们在改变饮食习惯时所面临的障碍——这些障碍可能会导致人们退出治疗。

"If we have had a great phone interview and then we wrap up and they don't have any questions for me, it pretty much ruins the whole interview. It tells me that the candidate is uninterested in the role, which in reality might not be the case at all," she notes.

她指出：“如果我们进行了一次很棒的电话面试，随后准备结束时，对方却没有任何问题要问我，那基本上就会毁掉整场面试。这会让我觉得候选人对这个职位不感兴趣，但实际上可能完全不是这么回事。”

Music is tied to specific perceptual(感知的), mental, and emotional faculties, including language (all societies put words to their songs), motor control (people in all societies dance), sound analysis (all musical systems have a distinct pitch and quality), and aesthetics(美感) (their tunes and rhythms are balanced between repetitiveness and chaos).

音乐与特定的感知、心理和情感能力相联系，包括语言能力（所有社会都会为自己的歌曲配上歌词）、运动控制能力（所有社会中的人都会跳舞）、声音分析能力（所有音乐体系都有独特的音高和音质）以及美感（它们的曲调和节奏在重复性与混乱之间保持平衡）。

In the next three to five years, these studies should allow researchers to provide clearer recommendations for exercise and other lifestyle modifications that might reduce Alzheimer's risk, such as sleep, diet and social activities, Fargo said.

Fargo 表示，在未来三到五年内，这些研究应能帮助研究人员就运动以及其他可能降低阿尔茨海默病风险的生活方式调整提出更明确的建议，例如改善睡眠、调整饮食和增加社交活动。

This is the first trial that demonstrates that there is something about highly processed foods—independent of those nutrients—that causes people to overeat.

这是首项试验证明，除了其中所含的营养成分之外，高度加工食品本身还存在某种会导致人们吃得过多的因素。

Exercise alone is not likely to prevent Alzheimer's, but the study shows people are not helpless in the face of one of the most feared, costliest and common diseases of old age, he added.

他补充说，单靠锻炼不太可能预防阿尔茨海默病，但这项研究表明，面对这种老年人最为恐惧、治疗成本最高且最常见的疾病之一，人们并非束手无策。

Our findings suggest that moral disgust is either understood at a later age or is only used metaphorically, if at all, in children as old as eight years.

我们的研究结果表明，八岁及以下的儿童要么是在更晚的年龄才理解道德厌恶，要么即使使用，也只是将其作为一种隐喻。

By comparing identical twins, who share nearly 100 percent of their genes, and non-identical twins, who share about half, researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors.

通过比较几乎拥有百分之百相同基因的同卵双胞胎与拥有约一半相同基因的异卵双胞胎，研究人员发现了压倒性的证据，表明基因会对行为产生影响。

A three-month moving average of annual wage increases from the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank's Wage Tracker shows that U.S. job switchers got the highest wage increase last July, when the measure touched 8.5%.

亚特兰大联邦储备银行的工资追踪指标显示，美国跳槽者的工资涨幅在去年7月达到最高，当时该指标触及8.5%；这一数据为年度工资涨幅的三个月移动平均值。

Zoo visitors are often aspects of a zoo animal's environment that animals cannot control, and as such can be stressful, although some species appear to show good adaptability to the changing conditions of visitors.

动物园游客往往是动物园动物无法控制的环境因素，因此可能会给动物带来压力；不过，有些物种似乎能够很好地适应游客状况的变化。

Girls that age already show more interest in helping and caring for others than boys do, and they already exhibit a greater orientation toward family versus career.

那个年龄段的女孩已经比男孩表现出更浓厚的助人和关怀他人的兴趣，而且她们在家庭与事业之间的取向也已经更加偏重家庭。

"When the brain is healthier from a vascular(血管的) point of view, it can absorb more Alzheimer's pathogen(病原体) before people become symptomatic," he said.

他说：“从血管健康的角度来看，大脑越健康，人们在出现症状之前就能吸收更多的阿尔茨海默病病原体。”

Teara used to be a chef at the Langham in Auckland and so dinner, eaten around a huge circular table (made of one of the most ancient trees in the world), was every bit as mouth-watering as you'd expect.

Teara 曾是奥克兰朗廷酒店的厨师，因此，围坐在一张由世界上最古老的树木之一制成的巨大圆桌旁享用的晚餐，果然如你所料般令人垂涎欲滴。

Researchers conducted the study to understand how genetics influences people's consumption of tea, coffee and alcohol which tend to taste bitter, said lead researcher Jue Sheng Ong.

首席研究员 Jue Sheng Ong 表示，研究人员开展这项研究，是为了了解遗传因素如何影响人们对茶、咖啡和酒精饮料的摄入；这些饮品往往带有苦味。

Raising awareness that people may experience irritability(烦躁) or headaches when cutting down on junk food can help individuals prepare coping strategies in advance, Schulte noted.

Schulte指出，提高人们对减少垃圾食品摄入时可能出现烦躁或头痛这一情况的认识，可以帮助个人提前准备应对策略。

They have determined that the Industrial Revolution had an overall positive effect, but it quite possibly was neutralized by negative events such as wars, high taxes, and rapid population growth.

他们认定，工业革命总体上产生了积极影响，但战争、高税收和人口快速增长等负面事件很可能抵消了这种影响。

One theory is that if you're eating more quickly, you're not giving your guts enough time to signal to your brain that you've had enough calories and that you're full.

一种理论认为，如果你吃得更快，就没有给肠道足够的时间向大脑发出信号，告诉它你已经摄入了足够的热量，已经吃饱了。

The idea that food may be addictive after "heavy" use by some individuals is a controversial subject, Schulte said.

Schulte说，一些人经过“过度”食用后，食物可能会令人上瘾这一想法是一个有争议的话题。

This finding is surprising, given that bitterness often serves as a warning mechanism to convince people to spit out harmful substances, the scientists said.

科学家们表示，鉴于苦味通常会作为一种警示机制，促使人们吐出有害物质，这一发现令人惊讶。

In addition, people who were more sensitive to quinine's bitter flavors and those found in green vegetables tended to avoid coffee.

此外，对奎宁的苦味以及绿叶蔬菜中的苦味更敏感的人，往往会避免饮用咖啡。

The man told authorities that his experience began in December when currents swept the sailboat out to sea while he was making repairs.

这名男子告诉当局，他的遭遇始于12月，当时他正在维修帆船，海流却将船冲向了大海。

The district said the decreased budget means it cannot provide the same mental health supports, social and emotional services or specialized programming to schools with lower enrollment.

学区表示，预算削减意味着其无法再为招生人数较少的学校提供同等水平的心理健康支持、社会情感服务或专业课程。

Whether it was the gravity force of the plane climbing or the noise of the engine, it put our three-year-old daughter instantly to sleep until we bumped down on the grass at Claris Airport.

不管是飞机爬升时的重力作用，还是发动机的轰鸣声，都让我们三岁的女儿立刻睡着了，直到飞机在克拉里斯机场的草地上颠簸着降落。