英语四级长难句精选

The team found that residents of the developments that had received the leaflets believed it more likely that local officers would find out about illegal activity than residents of the control areas.

该团队发现，相较于对照区域的居民，收到传单的社区居民更相信当地警察更有可能发现违法活动。

"The opposite results of our study suggest coffee consumers acquire a taste for or an ability to detect the bitterness of caffeine due to the learned positive reinforcement brought out by caffeine."

我们的研究得出了相反的结果，这表明，咖啡消费者之所以逐渐喜欢上咖啡因的苦味，或具备辨别这种苦味的能力，是因为咖啡因所带来的习得性正向强化。

We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule.

我们原本打算去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子家族的大型聚会，但得知就在海岸外不远处的大堡礁岛最近获评为“暗夜星空保护区”——这类地方通常地处偏远，拥有“非凡或独具特色的星空夜色”——我们觉得，在忙碌的行程开始前，那里会是放松身心的完美去处。

Although prior studies in animals and humans have shown some biological and behavioral similarities between substance-use disorders and addictive-like consumption of highly processed foods, no studies have looked at whether reducing junk food can trigger withdrawal symptoms in people, she noted.

她指出，尽管此前针对动物和人类开展的研究显示，物质使用障碍与对高度加工食品的成瘾性消费之间存在一些生物学和行为上的相似之处，但尚无研究考察过，减少垃圾食品摄入是否会引发人类的戒断症状。

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic.

这项研究于周三发表在《神经病学》杂志上。研究无法证明运动能够预防痴呆症，这一发现也并不令人意外——人们早已知道运动与痴呆症风险降低之间存在相关性——但研究结果的差异幅度尤其显著。

A permanent underestimation of one's own abilities is often accompanied by the fear that this supposed intellectual deception will be exposed sooner or later and that they will pay the price for this.

长期低估自己的能力，往往伴随着这样的恐惧：这种自以为是的智力欺骗迟早会被揭穿，而自己也将为此付出代价。

After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.

在对他们所产生的想法进行编码和分析之后，该团队发现，具有兴趣成长型思维模式的人更有可能跨艺术和科学领域连接各项目，以创建诸如计算经济学之类的新专业，而非创建仅源自其中一个领域的专业，例如计算化学。

The locals are a relaxed and friendly bunch—a lot of them told us that it's like what Waiheke Island (now in effect a suburb of Auckland) was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.

当地人都很放松友善——很多人告诉我们，这里很像20世纪70年代的怀赫科岛（如今实际上已成为奥克兰的一个郊区），当时那里是艺术家和想逃离城市的人们聚居的地方。

Based on the participants' self-reported symptoms, withdrawal symptoms were significantly more intense between the second and fifth days after attempting to reduce junk-food consumption, which parallels the time span people live through during drug withdrawal.

根据参与者自我报告的症状，在尝试减少垃圾食品摄入后的第2至第5天，戒断症状明显更为强烈，这与人们经历药物戒断时所持续的时间段相当。

Another highlight was an hour-long walk to Kaitoke hot pools in the centre of the island, through wetlands and a forest, where we whiled away a good hour sitting in the pools shaded from the heat by layers of delicate umbrella-like plants.

另一个亮点是徒步一小时前往岛中央的凯托克温泉。途中我们穿过湿地和森林，在温泉池中消磨了整整一个小时；池子上方层层叠叠的伞状植物为我们遮挡了酷热。

They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it's hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support) and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island.

他们会把多布森望远镜和懒人沙发带到岛上的任何地方（没有颈部支撑，仰着头睁大眼睛惊叹地凝视星空可是很辛苦的事）；而且，听到还有热巧克力，我们的大女儿很是高兴。

This type of study can't say exactly what kind of exercise is best, or how much is needed—only a study that has a placebo(安慰剂) group and tracks people going forward can do that, said Keith Fargo, director of scientific programs and outreach at the non-profit Alzheimer's Association.

非营利组织阿尔茨海默病协会科学项目与推广部主任基思·法戈表示，这类研究无法确切说明哪种运动最好，或需要进行多少运动；只有设置安慰剂组并对参与者进行前瞻性跟踪的研究才能回答这些问题。

Wide awake at 3:30 am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I've ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

凌晨三点半，我和九岁的女儿在小屋的阳台上毫无睡意。我凝望了几个小时那片我见过的最令人惊叹的夜空，直到黎明缓缓抹去地平线上的星辰，几颗流星也渐渐消逝。

About 5% of the women with the highest peak workload—those who were able to bike the hardest over those 6 minutes—developed dementia, compared to 25% of those with medium fitness and 45% who weren't fit enough to finish the test, the study found.

研究发现，在峰值工作负荷最高的女性中，也就是能在这6分钟内以最大强度骑车的女性，约有5%患上了痴呆症；相比之下，中等健康水平的女性中这一比例为25%，而身体状况差到无法完成测试的女性中，这一比例为45%。

Researchers found that people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs, according to the study.

研究人员表示，根据这项研究，试图减少食用高度加工食品的人，会出现一些与戒烟或戒毒者相同的身心症状，例如情绪波动、焦虑、头痛和睡眠质量差。

Several lifestyle studies are getting underway soon, including one backed by the Alzheimer's Association called the US POINTER study, which will offer at-risk adults, ages 60-79, a series of lifestyle interventions(干预) to see if they impact Alzheimer's risk.

几项生活方式研究即将启动，其中包括一项由阿尔茨海默病协会支持、名为 US POINTER 的研究。该研究将为年龄在 60 至 79 岁、存在患病风险的成年人提供一系列生活方式干预措施，以观察这些措施是否会影响他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险。

Though the study mentioned above was fairly small (only 191 women took the initial fitness test, which means it's hard to maintain statistical significance while breaking the group down into sub-categories of more or less fit), it does give us hope that dementia can be prevented or delayed through exercise in one's middle age.

尽管上述研究的规模相当有限（最初只有191名女性接受了体能测试，这意味着如果再按体能水平将参与者细分为更健康和不太健康的亚组，就很难保持统计学显著性），但它确实让我们看到希望：人在中年时期通过锻炼，或许能够预防或延缓痴呆症的发生。

Those that believed they fell claimed that the capitalists squeezed every ounce of surplus they could from the working class.

那些相信自己已经倒下的人声称，资本家从工人阶级身上榨取了他们所能榨取的一切剩余价值。

Researchers Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest wondered whether our tendency to believe that social ties are reciprocal could lead us to mistakenly feel that a stranger does actually know us.

研究人员阿努吉·沙阿和迈克尔·拉福雷斯特想知道，我们倾向于相信社会关系是相互的，这是否会导致我们误以为一个陌生人确实了解我们。

Secondly, the test supported the assumption that people with a tendency to exhibit the Impostor Phenomenon devalue their objectively measured performance and attribute positive results to external causes such as luck and chance, but not to their own abilities.

其次，测试结果支持了这一假设：倾向于表现出冒名顶替现象的人，会低估通过客观方式测得的自身表现，并将积极结果归因于运气、机缘等外部因素，而不是自身的能力。

Even more strikingly, the team found that immediately after the leaflet distribution, there were fewer criminal complaints and arrests in the areas around the developments that had received the leaflets than around the control developments.

更令人瞩目的是，研究团队发现，传单发放后不久，收到传单的开发项目周边地区的刑事投诉和逮捕案件数量，少于对照开发项目周边地区。

After a 28-hour flight with two travel-sick children, our hearts sank when we saw the tiny twin engine 10-seater that was to take us the 90km across the Hauraki Gulf to Great Barrier Island.

经过 28 个小时的飞行，还带着两个晕机的孩子，当我们看到那架即将载着我们飞越豪拉基湾、前往大屏障岛的小型双引擎十座飞机时，心都沉了下来。

This characteristic is particularly apparent in a new study, focusing on people who underwent a hemispherectomy, a surgical procedure in which half of the brain is removed to treat illness.

这种特征在一项新研究中尤为明显，该研究关注接受了大脑半球切除术的人，这是一种为治疗疾病而切除大脑一半的外科手术。

While our initial attraction may be based, in part, on physical chemistry, it is the meeting of our inner worlds that creates the lasting intimacy and spiritual connection for which we long.

虽然我们最初的吸引力可能部分基于生理化学反应，但正是我们内心世界的相遇创造了我们渴望的持久亲密关系和精神连接。

In an analysis of 155 studies, John Sievenpiper, associate professor at the University of Toronto's Department of Nutritional Sciences, set out to understand if the associations between sugary soft drinks and health—including risk of diabetes and heart disease—were applicable to the food and drink we generally consume as part of a healthy diet.

在一项对155项研究的分析中，多伦多大学营养科学系副教授约翰·西文派珀着手了解含糖软饮料与健康之间的关联——包括糖尿病和心脏病的风险——是否适用于我们通常作为健康饮食一部分消费的食物和饮料。

"This study reinforces what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a significant effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory(听觉的) learning was thought to have closed," said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study.

"这项研究强化了我们正在了解的内容，即如何操纵视觉可以对动物的听觉能力产生显著影响，这种影响发生在听觉学习的窗口期被认为已经关闭很久之后，"该研究的资深作者帕特里克·卡诺尔德说。

Dr Jet Sanders, who worked on the study while a PhD student at the University of York, said: "Failure to detect synthetic faces may have important implications for security and crime prevention as super realistic masks may allow the key characteristics of a person's appearance to be incorrectly identified."

杰特·桑德斯博士在约克大学攻读博士学位期间参与了这项研究，他说：“未能检测出合成面孔可能对安全和犯罪预防产生重要影响，因为超写实面具可能会导致一个人外貌的关键特征被错误识别。”

While this can be good news for the world's poorest people who now consume more calories, protein and fat than in the past, homogeneity(同一性) and over-dependence on a handful of staples leave us vulnerable to threats such as drought, disease and pests—all of which are predicted to worsen in many parts of the world as a result of climate change.

虽然这对世界上最贫穷的人们来说可能是好消息，他们现在比过去消耗更多的卡路里、蛋白质和脂肪，但同一性和对少数主食的过度依赖使我们容易受到干旱、疾病和害虫等威胁——所有这些都因气候变化而在世界许多地区预计会恶化。

However, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home—even among workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality.

然而，这项研究还表明，传统性别角色是如何既在工作中——在工作中，报告自己感知到的职业潜力发生变化的女性比男性更多——又在家中持续存在的，即使是在那些声称强烈渴望平等的员工中也是如此。

One way you can overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture's success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.

你可以克服竞争带来的诱发风险的影响——这种影响可能危及你的创业成功——的一种方法是保持对自己情绪状态的关注，并积极监控这些情绪如何影响你的决策。

But they could also indicate that they—or their agent—would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage, or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest.

但他们也可能表明，他们——或他们的代理人——会战略性地对对手表达愤怒以获取优势，或者他们可能选择表达对这次会面的不满，以便让对方认为他们正在失去兴趣。

We found that only the concept of "negative reciprocity"—in which an employee who feels unfairly treated engages in negative behaviors, such as spending their company's money less carefully—explains these differences.

我们发现，只有“负互惠”这一概念——即感到受到不公平对待的员工会做出负面行为，例如不那么谨慎地花费公司的资金——才能解释这些差异。

The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues.

该研究发现，那些专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度及关系的团队建设练习被认为过于强硬和侵入性，尽管研究人员表示某种程度的开放和脆弱性对于与同事建立深厚、有效的联系往往是必要的。

In cases where parents are working multiple jobs, are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies, have limited English language skills, or are not contributing financially to their child's education, the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student.

在父母从事多份工作、对大学行政机构了解较少、英语语言能力有限、或未为子女教育提供经济支持的情况下，自我主张的责任将落在学生身上。

In a research paper, Evil Genius, published in 2014, the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino and Scott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills.

在2014年发表的一篇题为《邪恶天才》的研究论文中，行为科学家弗朗西斯卡·吉诺和斯科特·威尔特穆思想要检验在一项任务中行为不道德的人在后续任务中是否比其他人更具创造力，即使在控制了基线创造力技能的差异之后。

But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.

但一些专家担心，这种公开的猜测可能会导致人们相信，关于细节的分歧意味着在现代医学的安全性和有效性方面缺乏足够的科学共识。

To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by rigorous research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent review published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

为了治疗这种障碍，有许多药物和疗法得到了严格研究的支持，根据美国睡眠医学学会的说法，该学会在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上发表的一篇近期综述中分析了关于噩梦障碍治疗的现有研究。

Obesity, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected, meets the dictionary definition of disease, argues Professor John Wilding.

约翰·怀尔丁教授认为，肥胖症（其中多余的身体脂肪积累到可能对健康产生不利影响的程度）符合疾病的字典定义。

Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding well-known scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against weight gain, people should pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat and drink.

去年，《纽约时报》披露了可口可乐公司是如何资助知名科学家和组织来宣传这样一个信息的：在对抗体重增加的斗争中，人们应该更多地关注锻炼，而更少地关注他们吃什么和喝什么。

Even though Wang tried to account for this by culling the weakest winners, it's impossible to know which of the winners would have quit had they found themselves on the losing side.

尽管王试图通过剔除最弱的获胜者来解释这一点，但不可能知道如果获胜者发现自己处于失败的一方，他们中哪些人会退出。

It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they generate at night.

这听起来可能像科幻小说，但研究人员正越来越多地关注我们的大脑在白天吸收的知识和技能与它们在夜间产生的碎片化且常常离奇的想象之间的关系。

"The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America.

"为了将从一个在贫困社区推广导致糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的产品的行业中夺回的一小部分利润再投资到这些社区，这一举措肯定会对许多其他地方产生启发。" 健康食品美国执行董事吉姆·克里格说。

A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting(反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.

2016年对10项探讨早餐与体重管理之间关系的研究的综述得出结论：支持或反驳“早餐影响体重或食物摄入”这一论点的“证据有限”，且在早餐建议可用于帮助预防肥胖之前，需要更多证据。

The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.

他提出，另一种选择是面对成为另一个加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托市的可能性，在过去六年里，人们认为那里对青少年学生过大的压力导致了多起自杀事件。

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps(蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.

由于好奇左脑半球是否确实保持清醒以处理在周围环境中检测到的信息，佐佐木博士重新进行了实验，同时在夜间向睡眠中的参与者呈现由相同音调的定时蜂鸣声和不同音调的不规则蜂鸣声组成的混合声音。

Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers."

尽管莱斯利在主张我们大多数人都没有意识到自己有多少不知道的东西这一点上可能阐述得有些宽泛，但他指出问题正在加剧这一点肯定是正确的：“谷歌会给我们一种强大的错觉，即所有问题都有明确的答案。”

In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random(随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively(在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life.

在2011年的一项研究中，由罗切斯特市梅奥诊所的Yonas Geda博士领导的研究人员采访了1321名年龄在70-89岁之间的随机样本，其中大多数人在认知方面正常，关于他们晚年参与的认知活动。

We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades.

我们在一项研究中验证了这些预期，在该研究中，我和另外两名心理学家在向初中过渡期间的两年里，监测了373名学生，当时学业变得更难，评分更严格，以确定他们的心态可能如何影响他们的数学成绩。

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.

自工业化以来，维持如此缓慢的文化新陈代谢变得困难得多，长时间的午餐缩减为能塞进午餐桶或在食品摊买到的任何东西。

A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal.

一个对自己将搬往何处有过意见输入，并且有时间去适应它的人，在其他因素相同的情况下，在养老院可能会和在小型 residential care home 一样过得好。