2024年英语四级真题长难句

"This study reinforces what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a significant effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory(听觉的) learning was thought to have closed," said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study.

"这项研究强化了我们正在了解的内容，即如何操纵视觉可以对动物的听觉能力产生显著影响，这种影响发生在听觉学习的窗口期被认为已经关闭很久之后，"该研究的资深作者帕特里克·卡诺尔德说。

Dr Jet Sanders, who worked on the study while a PhD student at the University of York, said: "Failure to detect synthetic faces may have important implications for security and crime prevention as super realistic masks may allow the key characteristics of a person's appearance to be incorrectly identified."

杰特·桑德斯博士在约克大学攻读博士学位期间参与了这项研究，他说：“未能检测出合成面孔可能对安全和犯罪预防产生重要影响，因为超写实面具可能会导致一个人外貌的关键特征被错误识别。”

In the 1970s through the 1990s, protein products remained visible but moved back somewhat with the dietary spotlight firmly fixed on low-calorie, low-fat, sugar-free snack foods and beverages following the publication of studies linking sugar and saturated(饱和的) fat consumption to heart disease.

在20世纪70年代到90年代期间，蛋白质产品仍然可见，但随着饮食焦点牢牢固定在低热量、低脂肪、无糖零食和饮料上，其地位有所后退，这是在发表了将糖和饱和脂肪消费与心脏病联系起来的研究之后。

Before plastic and the marketing that made people think they needed bottled water in the first place, fountains were an urban fixture.

在塑料以及让人们首先认为他们需要瓶装水的营销出现之前，喷泉曾是城市的固定设施。

This reduced self-threat could even be observed when participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.

这种减少的自我威胁甚至可以被观察到，当参与者假设他们正被其他依赖诸如人工智能等技术能力在其工作中的员工所取代时。

Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.

弗里德曼考虑的另一种理论是，在一个能提供有效个人联系和关系机会的环境越来越少的时代，人们可能会更重视在工作中发生的社交活动。

There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today."

如果凯恩斯关于技术提升经济生产力的力量的观点是错误的，那么这就不会有什么奥秘了，他认为这种生产力提升会带来“达到今天四倍到八倍之间的生活水平”。

This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement, or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling.

这是因为未经批准的缺勤往往反映出学生脱离参与的模式和行为，或者学生通过学校教育所采纳并伴随的家长对教育可能存在的消极态度。

Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status, sex, power, and personality, which, he assumes, influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today.

福特带领读者了解时尚的演变，同时审视地位、性别、权力和个性的潜在动机，他认为这些动机在过去影响了时尚的所有创新，并且在今天继续影响我们。

Yet slipping from popular culture is the wonder and beauty of the natural world.

然而，从流行文化中溜走的是自然界的奇迹和美丽。

In their 2020 study, the researchers interviewed nearly 80 employees at two London-based firms—an equal number of men and women between the ages of 30 and 50, all with at least one dependent child—who worked in middle or senior management roles.

在他们2020年的研究中，研究人员采访了两家伦敦公司的近80名员工——人数相等的30至50岁之间的男性和女性，都至少有一个受抚养子女——他们担任中级或高级管理职位。

But, if you're well prepared you may be able to set goals for your life that are just as fulfilling to work toward as to achieve.

但是，如果你准备充分，你可能能够为你的生活设定目标，这些目标努力去实现和最终达成一样令人满足。

Many of us living in the most developed countries are buying into a myth of protein deficiency created by food companies and self-identified health experts.

我们中许多生活在最发达国家的人正在接受由食品公司和自封的健康专家制造的蛋白质缺乏的神话。

Unfortunately, the crisis of global warming has already had a serious negative impact on cacao farms' yields, leading to the prices of chocolates skyrocketing.

不幸的是，全球变暖的危机已经对可可农场的产量产生了严重的负面影响，导致巧克力价格飙升。

In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum(最佳选择) for improving mood is moderate intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.

然而，关于无氧运动的强度，结果要清晰得多——改善情绪的最佳选择是中等强度，可能是因为低强度太枯燥而高强度太令人不适。

While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain.

虽然基因可以鼓励对做新事情的兴趣，但2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》期刊上的一项研究发现，完成像谜题和数字游戏这样的推理任务可以增强对新奇体验的渴望，而这反过来又能使大脑恢复活力。

In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.

事实上，科学家们现在认为，积累新奇的经验、事实和技能能够使人们的思维更加灵活。

Yet whereas most countries have detailed, evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise required for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.

然而，尽管大多数国家有关于获得各种身体健康益处所需的运动类型和强度的详细、有证据支持的指南，但此类指南尚未存在于运动和情绪方面。

If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.

如果核心问题是我们将未来的自己视为他人，那么由此得出，试图更紧密地认同未来的自己将会鼓励我们做出更好的长期决策。

A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on "communicative abstraction" to verbally convey their ideas and emotions.

由Priyanka Joshi领导的一组研究人员考察了男性和女性在多大程度上依赖“交流抽象化”来口头表达他们的想法和情感。

Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found contradictory results from 19 relevant studies.

首先从运动强度对有氧运动情绪益处的影响开始，由深圳大学John Chan领导的研究人员从19项相关研究中发现了相互矛盾的结果。

As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.

由于普通美国工人的平均时薪尽管生产力提高却已下降，他们不得不工作与以前同样多的小时数以维持他们的生活水平。

It is not a moment too soon that teenagers will be able to take a natural history test, given that for decades children have been able to name more video game characters than wildlife species.

青少年将能够参加自然历史测试，这并非为时过早，因为几十年来，孩子们能够说出的电子游戏角色比野生动物物种更多。

Participants in the diversity condition tended to click on job listings from companies with slightly higher diversity scores than those in the baseline condition: that is, participants seemed to be paying attention to information about diversity, and using this when deciding whether to click on the listing.

多样性条件下的参与者倾向于点击来自具有比基准条件下的公司略高多样性分数的公司的职位列表：即，参与者似乎正在关注关于多样性的信息，并在决定是否点击该列表时使用此信息。

Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.

发射通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，在几分钟内燃烧大量燃料。

Scientists believe that both of these countries will experience a 3.8°F temperature increase by 2050 due to global warming, endangering the cacao(可可树) farms in the rainforests.

科学家们认为，由于全球变暖，这两个国家到2050年都将经历3.8华氏度的温度上升，危及热带雨林中的可可树农场。

Indeed, the latest research that has emerged on language and aging shows that language mastery is a journey that we begin as infants and continue on for the rest of our lives.

事实上，关于语言和衰老的最新研究表明，语言掌握是一段我们从婴儿时期开始并在余生中持续的旅程。

There are now dozens of criminal cases in which offenders have passed themselves off as people of a different age, race or gender, sending police investigations down the wrong path.

现在有数十起刑事案件，在这些案件中，犯罪者将自己冒充为不同年龄、种族或性别的人，使警方调查走入歧途。

Simply being in the nearest wood has such health benefits that the Woodland Trust successfully lobbied for it to be prescribed by doctors.

仅仅待在最近的树林里就有如此多的健康益处，以至于林地信托基金成功游说医生将其列为处方。

Given these limitations and concerns, even if this mode of obtaining consent is to move forward, it likely won't fully protect automakers from their legal liability should the system malfunction(发生故障) or an accident occur.

考虑到这些局限性和担忧，即使这种获取同意的模式要继续推进，一旦系统发生故障或发生事故，它也可能无法完全保护汽车制造商免受其法律责任。

However, after talking to my friends who felt the same, I quickly realised that it wasn't my ignorance but the lack of financial education in our schooling system that is leaving high schoolers seriously behind in the modern world of money.

然而，在与有相同感受的朋友们交谈后，我很快意识到，不是我的无知，而是我们学校教育体系中缺乏金融教育，使得高中生在现代金钱世界中严重落后。

Kanold's earlier research disproved this idea by showing that depriving adult mice of vision for a short period increased the sensitivity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex(皮质), which is devoted to hearing.

Kanold的早期研究通过表明剥夺成年小鼠短期视觉会增加听觉皮质（皮质）中单个神经元的敏感性，反驳了这一观点，听觉皮质专门用于听觉。

In the baseline condition, participants saw emails in the normal format, with no information on diversity; in the diversity condition, participants saw a diversity score for each listing: information about the race, gender, education, and language skills of a company's workforce compared to others in the same sector and location.

在基准条件下，参与者看到正常格式的电子邮件，没有关于多样性的信息；在多样性条件下，参与者看到每个列表的多样性分数：关于公司员工队伍的种族、性别、教育和语言技能与同一行业和地点的其他公司相比的信息。

It looks at what the manufacturers of self-driving cars should legally do to ensure that drivers understand how to use the vehicles appropriately.

它关注自动驾驶汽车制造商在法律上应该做什么，以确保驾驶员了解如何正确使用车辆。

Scientists have known that depriving adult mice of vision can increase the sensitivity of individual neurons(神经元) in the part of the brain devoted to hearing.

科学家们已经知道，剥夺成年小鼠的视觉能够增加大脑中负责听觉部分的单个神经元的敏感性。

Apart from the urgent task of providing more healthy nutrients to those who increasingly can't afford them, publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens connect what we eat to where it comes from—the means of production, if you will.

除了向那些日益买不起健康营养物的人提供更多健康营养物的紧急任务之外，可公开获取的水果和蔬菜园将我们所吃的东西与它的来源地——即生产方式，如果你愿意这么说的话——联系起来。

The 20% error rate observed in the study likely underestimates the extent to which people would struggle to tell an artificial face from the real thing outside of the lab.

研究中观察到的20%错误率可能低估了人们在实验室外难以区分人造面孔和真实面孔的程度。

If your workplace isn't an environment where work-life balance is possible in the first place, any effort you attempt to make toward it on a personal level will be in vain.

如果你的工作场所首先不是一个能实现工作与生活平衡的环境，那么你在个人层面上为实现它所做的任何努力都将是徒劳的。

It shouldn't be just a one-day event but a course integrated throughout the whole of high school that would allow students to gradually expand their financial literacy, and would prevent the need for a 'catch up' phase once we're out on our own after graduation.

它不应该仅仅是一个单日活动，而是一门贯穿整个高中的课程，这门课程将允许学生逐步扩展他们的金融知识，并将防止一旦我们毕业后独立生活就需要一个‘追赶’阶段的情况。

We found that enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be,

我们发现，在设定目标两个月后，愉悦感对人们目标坚持性的预测作用远比他们对自己目标重要性的评价要大得多，

In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such vigorous intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose(葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.

相比之下，无氧运动——例如举重物——强度如此之大，以至于你的身体没有时间利用氧气产生能量，因此反而分解你血液或肌肉中的葡萄糖。

Through this lens, he shows us that the first laws passed in the 1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics, colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class, who were now able to imitate some of these fashions.

通过这个视角，他向我们表明，在13世纪通过的第一批法律，其目的是确保只有贵族被允许穿着某些面料、颜色和饰品，这些法律反映了中产阶级的兴起，该阶级现在能够模仿这些时尚中的一些。

However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.

然而，我们陷入麻烦的地方在于我们的自我价值是否取决于我们是否赢得了某人的认可。

Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs, to realize that we almost never do so, to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning, and yet that meaning can and does change all the time.

福特要求我们去质疑无意识的信念，去意识到我们几乎从不这样做，去理解最简单的选择充满了意义，然而那种意义能够并且确实一直在变化。

This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.

这可以在这段时间内的中等工人收入中被看到，伴随着1973年的一个转变，该转变与工作周停止缩短的时间精确吻合。

What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.

凯恩斯所预测的是经济学家所称的技术性失业的一个非常乐观的版本。

A new study has cast doubt on historic research suggesting that the season or month of someone's birth is associated with an increased risk of certain mental health conditions.

一项新的研究对表明某人出生的季节或月份与某些心理健康状况风险增加相关的历史性研究提出了质疑。

Words that were more difficult to visualize, for example, "justice" or "morality" were considered to be more abstract.

更难可视化的词语，例如“正义”或“道德”，被认为更抽象。

Consequently, being replaced by a robot or software poses less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth.

因此，被机器人或软件取代对他们的自我价值感构成的威胁较小。

When snowy weather arrives in the US, it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the "snow day", when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.

当降雪天气到达美国时，它意味着学校儿童从“雪天”这一长期存在的传统中受益的机会，这时学校被迫关闭并且学生得到一个意外的休息日。