2022年英语四级真题长难句

In cases where parents are working multiple jobs, are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies, have limited English language skills, or are not contributing financially to their child's education, the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student.

在父母从事多份工作、对大学行政机构了解较少、英语语言能力有限、或未为子女教育提供经济支持的情况下，自我主张的责任将落在学生身上。

In a research paper, Evil Genius, published in 2014, the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino and Scott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills.

在2014年发表的一篇题为《邪恶天才》的研究论文中，行为科学家弗朗西斯卡·吉诺和斯科特·威尔特穆思想要检验在一项任务中行为不道德的人在后续任务中是否比其他人更具创造力，即使在控制了基线创造力技能的差异之后。

But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.

但一些专家担心，这种公开的猜测可能会导致人们相信，关于细节的分歧意味着在现代医学的安全性和有效性方面缺乏足够的科学共识。

However, the research does not explain why this is the case—a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.

然而，这项研究没有解释为什么会出现这种情况——一个对于设计有效的政策和举措以改善饮食和预防慢性疾病具有重大意义的问题。

A company spokesperson said the operations at the site had been halted while the investigation is ongoing and that the break had posed no safety threat to workers.

一位公司发言人表示，该地点的运营已暂停，同时调查正在进行中，并且此次断裂未对工人构成安全威胁。

Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, "who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic(整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors."

相反地，她保持积极乐观，赞扬她的一位医学院教授乔治·恩格尔，他总是不仅注意到患者的身体状况，还注意到她生活中的小细节，例如，她是否在病房里挂了家庭照片或收到了鲜花。他是那种让你见到就感到宽慰，并愿意让其进入房间看望生病家人的值得信赖的医生。他会坐下来与患者交谈，不仅讨论医疗问题，还讨论她的生活和优先事项。他建立了一个大型会诊服务，以解决住院患者的整体需求，包括心理和社会因素。

Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, "handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love. The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness."

并非接受给予实验动物的标准照料，60%的小组被实验室的一名新来者照管，Kelli写道，“她以不同的方式处理动物。当她喂她的兔子时，她和它们说话并抚摸它们。她不只是分发食物，她给予它们爱。研究表明传统生物医学模型中缺少某些东西。不是饮食或基因导致哪些兔子生病以及哪些保持健康的差异。是善意。”

Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.

不同工作文化对书面文字所赋予的这种价值差异，在涉及商业关系时往往会引发许多问题。

At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies(韧性) have been the pavement on which they've traveled.

无论教师们身处哪个年级，从幼儿园到医学院或法学院的最后一堂课，很少有时刻能像多年甚至数十年后以前的学生再次出现时那样深深触动情感，他们会讲述自己的人生旅程走向何方，以及哪些韧性是他们一路走来的铺路石。

The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way.

这项技术被采纳得如此迅速，以至于学区无法充分跟上作弊政策，甚至无法跟上那些提醒学生注意以某种方式使用技术寻找答案这一问题的宣传活动。

Teeth have three layers, only one of which—the innermost layer of the tooth—can hurt, as that layer of the tooth contains both blood vessels and nerves.

牙齿有三层，其中只有一层——牙齿最内层——会疼痛，因为牙齿的那一层既包含血管又包含神经。

One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.

一位美国哲学家指出，解决穷人和弱势群体的需求不仅仅是钱的问题——主要是关于创造让繁荣和机会能够蓬勃发展的条件。

A new nationally representative survey about "screen time and device distractions" from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly inseparable from their phones—many teens themselves do too.

来自皮尤研究中心的一项关于“屏幕时间和设备分心”的全国性新调查表明，认为青少年令人担忧地离不开手机的不仅仅是父母——许多青少年自己也如此。

In fact, research suggests that people who read printed text comprehend more, remember more and learn 30% more than those who read digital text.

事实上，研究表明，阅读印刷文本的人比阅读数字文本的人理解得更多、记忆得更多，并且多学习30%。

If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process, the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed.

如果公众要理解科学是一个值得尊敬的自我修正过程，那么科学是教科书中的一套固定事实的观点需要被摒弃。

All things considered, I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university, and having an educational experience in Washington, D.C., that I would not have had anywhere else.

全面考虑后，我支付的费用明显低于我的大学的学费，并且正在华盛顿特区拥有我在其他任何地方都不会有的教育经历。

He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.

他认为革新其管理是他的职责。

We did not know to ask—and the school did not readily point out—that even if tuition rises, my financial aid package will stay the same.

我们不知道要问——而且学校也没有轻易指出——即使学费上涨，我的经济援助方案也会保持不变。

The vast island usually locks away enough fresh water in its ice sheet, which if melted can raise global sea levels by six meters.

这座广阔的岛屿通常在其冰盖中封存足够的淡水，这些冰盖如果融化会使全球海平面上升六米。

If you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state, make sure you know if you can use your state benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP.

如果你是一名将要去外州上学的低收入学生，确保你知道你是否可以使用你的州福利，例如补充营养援助计划（SNAP）。

It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and society.

是时候我们意识到，越轨行为可能能够对个人和社会既造成好处也造成伤害。

Some say we should never meet our heroes, lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are.

有人说我们永远不应该见我们的英雄，以免当我们发现他们是多么普通时他们会让我们失望。

Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical(医药的) companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better.

在关于奥巴马医改、医疗保险、医疗补助、健康保险和贪婪的医药公司的政治噪音中，凯利·哈丁与呼吁快速解决方案的人群保持距离，解决方案越简单越好。

Perhaps this is because older people had fewer options when they were starting their careers, at a time when values focused more on stable incomes than fulfilling personal missions.

也许这是因为年长者在开始他们的职业生涯时选择更少，在一个价值观更注重稳定收入而非实现个人使命的时代。

What about the cost, not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it, not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff?

成本怎么样呢，不仅购买所有那些平板电脑，还有与之配套的软件和电子基础设施，更不用说对所有教师和行政人员进行再培训了？

Because of social categorization, you immediately judge the woman as harmless, and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.

由于社会分类，你立即判断那个女人是无害的，那个男人是有威胁的，导致你的钱包丢失。

It is holidaymakers that can protect themselves from falling victim to frauds.

正是度假者能够保护自己不成为欺诈的受害者。

If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems—and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone, including scientists.

如果这一趋势促使科学家更快地就我们问题的最佳解决方案达成一致——同时帮助公众更清晰地观察科学话语的过程——那么这对包括科学家在内的所有人都是有益的。

We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.

我们需要重组的在线课程，在这些课程中，学生能够拥有实际上将提供优质教育的学习体验。

She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Karla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.

她还面临来自儿童保育机构的调查，该机构也将询问为什么卡拉被单独留下与她脆弱的亲属在一起。

Whereas people with tooth sensitivity may complain, for example, of tooth pain triggered by heat or cold, the nerves in the inner layer don't sense temperature.

然而，患有牙齿敏感的人可能会抱怨，例如，由热或冷引发的牙痛，内层的神经并不感知温度。

They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.

他们可以创建社交媒体群组，在这些群组中，员工将更有可能进行协作，而不太可能分享离职意图或关于外部工作机会的讨论。

With the validity of science coming under attack, there's a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life.

随着科学的有效性受到攻击，有必要让科学辩论被视为开放且贴近生活的。

When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies, there's potential for information to be used incorrectly, leading to public confusion; yet, open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public.

当任何领域的辩论超出大学和政府机构的大厅时，存在信息被错误使用的可能性，导致公众困惑；然而，公开辩论也能促进科学界和公众之间的交流。

With such a degree of professionalism, how can consumers find out if the website they're looking to book with is trustworthy?

具有如此程度的专业性，消费者如何才能查明他们想要预订的网站是否值得信赖？

For example, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada, where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.

例如，低收入是加拿大粮食不安全的最强预测因素，在加拿大，每八个家庭中就有一个家庭无法充分获取有营养的食物。

Furthermore, in countries where women's rights were most respected, but where access to hospitals and doctors was below average, health outcomes were still better than in countries rated as moderate or poor.

此外，在妇女权利最受尊重但获得医院和医生的机会低于平均水平的国家，健康结果仍然比被评为中等或较差的国家更好。

Low-income households report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.

低收入家庭报告说，他们发现很难采纳饮食指南，因为食品价格是改善他们饮食的一个障碍。

While this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive.

虽然情况可能如此，但这本身并不能证明健康饮食必然更昂贵或让人负担不起。

In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh.

在不少段落中，她讲述了那些遭遇流水线医疗的男男女女的故事，在这种医疗模式中，病人大多被当作一块块肉体来对待。

It's a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with.

现在有多少穿着白大褂的乔治·恩格斯们在工作是个猜测，而全国拥有多少凯莉·哈丁们则是另一个推测。

Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues, and that's good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices.

去参加会议并辩论科学问题的日子已经过去了，那是好的，因为那些集会不够多样化，并且排除了许多重要的声音。

The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning.

负责教育预算的人用教师换取技术的诱惑可能如此强烈，以至于他们忽视远程学习的缺点。

For a growing number of people, however, their yearly break is turning into a nightmare as they find that the property they have paid thousands for does not exist and the website through which they booked it has disappeared.

然而，对于越来越多的人来说，他们的年度假期正在变成一场噩梦，因为他们发现他们支付了数千英镑的房产并不存在，并且他们预订该房产的网站已经消失了。

The more you get right, the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.

你做对的越多，你被认为越有创造力，因为你想出了不常见的联想。

What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?

作者建议处于不利地位的人们做什么来改善他们的健康？

In other words, the more time parents spend reading, the greater the developmental benefits in their four-year-old children.

换句话说，父母花在阅读上的时间越多，他们四岁孩子的发展益处就越大。

When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.

当援助带有沉重的附加条件时，如偿还贷款或用资源换取食物，它往往会扩大贫富差距并维持旧的世界秩序。

Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment.

尽管数十年努力消除饥饿，最新的估计是地球上约11%的人（约8.2亿人）正遭受日常营养不良。

What does the WFP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?

世界粮食计划署获得诺贝尔和平奖使我们意识到什么？