2017年英语四级真题长难句

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps(蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.

由于好奇左脑半球是否确实保持清醒以处理在周围环境中检测到的信息，佐佐木博士重新进行了实验，同时在夜间向睡眠中的参与者呈现由相同音调的定时蜂鸣声和不同音调的不规则蜂鸣声组成的混合声音。

Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers."

尽管莱斯利在主张我们大多数人都没有意识到自己有多少不知道的东西这一点上可能阐述得有些宽泛，但他指出问题正在加剧这一点肯定是正确的：“谷歌会给我们一种强大的错觉，即所有问题都有明确的答案。”

In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random(随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively(在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life.

在2011年的一项研究中，由罗切斯特市梅奥诊所的Yonas Geda博士领导的研究人员采访了1321名年龄在70-89岁之间的随机样本，其中大多数人在认知方面正常，关于他们晚年参与的认知活动。

A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements.

2009年不列颠哥伦比亚大学对38名患有饮食失调且被教授编织的女性进行的一项研究发现，学习这项手艺带来了显著的改善。

No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised.

我们不再有让自己漫游于知识领域、随时准备好被惊喜的倾向。

According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken.

根据莱斯利的说法，那些因前国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德在2002年发表的我们必须警惕“未知的未知因素”这一言论而嘲笑他的人是错误的。

While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real-estate "bubble," the report's writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.

虽然过度乐观会助长不良投资模式，导致房地产“泡沫”，但报告的作者们淡化了这种潜在结果，因为它尚未发生。

Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age.

或许最令人兴奋的是研究表明，像编织和钩针编织这样的手工艺可能有助于防止大脑功能随年龄增长而衰退。

For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member.

例如，多伦多的生活教练Karen Hayes开展编织治疗项目，包括帮助吸烟者戒烟的“编织戒烟”项目和帮助应对健康危机（如癌症诊断或家庭成员患重病）的人的“编织疗愈”项目。

Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred: although they can remember "autobiographical" life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal information, such as random(任意选取的) lists of words.

有趣的是，他们的记忆高度以自我为中心：尽管他们能以非凡的细节记住“自传式”的生活事件，但在回忆非个人信息（比如任意选取的单词列表）方面，他们似乎并不比普通人强。

If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure.

如果那笔收入被更好地征税，它可能会为更好的基础设施提供收入。

When Leah made the commitment to change, she primed herself to new opportunities she may otherwise have overlooked.

当莉娅做出改变的承诺时，她让自己为可能原本会忽略的新机会做好了准备。

Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, "Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making."

伊利诺伊州凯洛格管理学院的利·汤普森警告说：“团队并不总是答案——团队可能以一种独立工作的人无法做到的方式提供见解、创造力和知识；但团队合作也可能导致混乱、延迟和糟糕的决策制定。”

We are suffering, he writes, from a "serendipity deficit." The word "serendipity" was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of," Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures.

他写道，我们正遭受着一种“意外发现赤字”。“serendipity（意外发现）”这个词是由霍勒斯·沃波尔在1854年的一封信中创造的，源自一个关于三位王子“总是偶然发现他们并未寻找的东西”的故事。莱斯利担心，互联网的兴起，以及其他社会和技术变革，已经减少了我们对漫无目的冒险的兴趣。

The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Fate Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is 'Yes.'

记者伊恩·莱斯利在他那本新的、有趣的书《好奇：求知的欲望以及为何你的命运取决于它》中坚持认为，对最后那个问题的答案是“是”。

Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors(嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types.

在老鼠的鼻子里有多达1000种不同类型的嗅觉感受器，而人类只有100到200种类型。

She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones.

她推断出，如果左脑半球在陌生环境中保持警觉以警惕，那么它会通过将人们从睡眠中唤醒对不规则的哔哔声做出反应，并且会忽略定时的哔哔声。

Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and submitted online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas(睡衣).

公司很快发现，工作可以在家完成并在线提交，因此，一个全新的远程工作者阶层开始在家庭办公室里没刮胡子、穿着睡衣谋生。

She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators(捕食者).

她也从先前对鸟类和海豚进行的研究中得知，这些动物每次让它们一半的大脑睡眠，以便它们能够休息同时保持足够警惕以避开捕食者。

Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits.

尽管可能只有认知健康的人才会从事这类活动，但那些阅读报纸、杂志或演奏音乐的人并没有表现出类似的益处。

The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery.

该公司在过去五年里研发了仅约四分之一英寸厚且足够坚固以承受繁忙公路交通而不会断裂或使道路更滑的太阳能电池板。

Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.

鉴于持续的社会交往已被证明有助于健康和长寿，那些希望最大化手工艺健康价值的人可能会考虑加入志同道合者的团体。

Somewhat nostalgically(怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: "One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment." If only!

有点怀旧地，他引用了约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯那句恰如其分地著名的对书店的赞美之词：“人们应该模糊地、几乎在梦中进入它，并任由其中的物品自由地吸引并影响自己的目光。在书店里闲逛，随好奇心所指而驻足浏览，应该是一种午后消遣。” 但愿如此！

Chris Koch, who teaches "History of Broadcast Journalism" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details.

克里斯·科赫在马里兰州罗克维尔的蒙哥马利社区学院教授《广播新闻史》，他指出报道是关于调查而非对微小细节的记忆。

Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity—to pay complete attention to the sensations(感受) and the experiences.

幻想倾向可以被视为一种想象和做白日梦的倾向，而专注是让你的思维完全沉浸在一项活动中的倾向——完全关注感受和体验。

Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.

此外，市场的未来看起来远非乐观，预计销售额在2016年将进一步下降至11.1亿英镑。

But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

但是当前的研究正开始更加强调我们遗忘的条件，因为其重要性开始被更多地认识到。

"There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world," says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.

“有一个古老的传说，只要这些蛋被制作出来，邪恶就不会在世界上盛行，”琼·布兰德说，她是一位加拿大蛋画家，已经画蛋超过60年，从她的乌克兰亲戚那里学会了这门艺术。

It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly involved in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes.

然而，中枢疲劳是否也可能影响并非直接参与运动本身的运动系统，例如那些移动眼睛的系统，这一点尚未可知。

The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was sufficient to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying increased eye movement speeds.

咖啡因，相当于两杯浓咖啡的量，足以逆转这种效果，一些 cyclists 甚至表现出眼动速度的增加。

In a statement, Google said, "We clearly bear some responsibility, because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash. That said, our test driver believed the bus was going to slow or stop to allow us to merge into the traffic, and that there would be sufficient space to do that."

在一份声明中，谷歌表示：“我们显然承担一些责任，因为如果我们的车没有移动，就不会发生碰撞。话虽如此，我们的测试司机认为公交车会减速或停下来让我们汇入车流，并且会有足够的空间来做到这一点。”

But a new report by Deloitte, "Global Human Capital Trends", based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.

但是德勤的一份新报告《全球人力资本趋势》，基于对130多个国家7000多名高管的调查，表明团队合作的潮流已经达到了一个新的高度。

In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day—but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.

在某些方面，你可能在像婚礼日这样的重大事件后经历那个过程——但不同之处在于，由于他们的其他心理倾向，HSAM受试者日复一日、终生都在这样做。

New York's Attorney General's office launched an investigation in the fall into whether or not Verizon, Cablevision and Time Warner are delivering broadband that's as fast as the providers claim it is.

纽约州总检察长办公室于秋季启动了一项调查，调查威瑞森、有线电视vision和时代华纳是否正在提供与供应商声称的一样快的宽带。

Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, "I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up."

明德学院大四学生弗朗西斯卡·哈斯说：“我发现课堂测验在短期内压力更大，但当你拼命吸收信息时会立即感到解脱，然后你就可以把它全忘了。家庭作业需要深思熟虑的参与，这可能会导致长期压力，因为从来没有时间结束的那一刻。”

Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping body(替罪羊).

确实，莱斯利对其表达钦佩的谷歌，也是他经常的替罪羊。

"I did what everybody else thought looked successful," she says.

“我做了其他人认为看起来成功的事情，”她说。

Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.

上周，法国宣布该国将在未来五年内用太阳能电池板铺设621英里的道路，目标是为五百万民众提供廉价的可再生能源。

Some colleges have what they call an "honor code," though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so.

一些大学有他们所谓的“荣誉准则”，尽管如果你足够聪明能进入这些学校，你要么足够聪明能绕过任何准则，要么希望你有足够的道德感不会考虑这样做。

Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia.

狮子已经从非洲的大部分地区消失，但在过去的几年里，科学家们一直想知道大型猫科动物是否还在苏丹和埃塞俄比亚的偏远地区生存。

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to examine, but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes.

传统上，一百个样本会花费实验室技术人员超过两天的时间来检查，但对于一只老鼠来说，检查它只需要不到20分钟。

The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.

一个孩子的好奇心越少，这个孩子最终可能拥有的知识就越少。

It's the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching.

这是旅程中途的阶段，此时人们感到青春消逝、前途变窄且死亡临近。

It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one.

这不是谷歌著名的自动驾驶汽车第一次卷入事故，但这可能是它第一次造成事故。

The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge.

大脑就像一个看似无穷无尽的图书馆，其书架上存放着我们最珍贵的记忆以及我们一生的知识。

And then there are those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze.

然后还有那些人，他们不知道会面临什么问题，也没有可参考的资源，可能会不知所措。

Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going to college.

六十岁的威尔·芬德利，他在军队有成功的职业生涯且从未获得大学学位，认为“个人动力”远比仅仅上大学重要。

Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams.

在哈佛丑闻之后，耶鲁大学前学生处处长玛丽·米勒向她所在学校的教授们发出强烈呼吁，要求他们避免布置带回家的考试。

"You suspended Ray Rice after our video," a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day.

"我们的视频发布后，你就停赛了雷·赖斯，" TMZ的一名记者前几天向美国国家橄榄球联盟 commissioner 罗杰·古德尔质疑道。

If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more.

如果城市领导人对其居民更负责任，他们可能会更支持旨在帮助他们的项目。