2021年12月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What does a recent study find about a growing number of workers? 是典型的事实询问，问研究发现了什么。

What does a recent study find about a growing number of workers? 是 What 引导的特殊疑问句，主语是 a recent study，谓语 find，about 短语限定研究对象是 a growing number of workers，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 Work is less about what they can contribute 明确说 "少贡献 "，They attempt to make more contributions. 反说成 "试图做出更多贡献 "，方向完全相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • a sense of entitlement↔They feel they deserve more than they get.
  • Work is less about what they can contribute but more about what they can take↔more than they get

  预判 "觉得自己应得更多 " 与 They feel they deserve more than they get. 字面与语义双重吻合，锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 diminish their own job satisfaction 提到 "降低他们自身的工作满意度 "，是 entitlement 心态的后果；They attach importance to job satisfaction. 偷换成 "他们重视工作满意度 "，把 "满意度被削弱 " 偷换为 "重视满意度 "。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 It can lead to workplace dysfunction 是说 entitlement 心态 "导致 " workplace dysfunction，They try to diminish workplace dysfunction. 反说成 "他们试图减少 workplace dysfunction"，方向完全相反。

题干 Why don't some employees work hard according to many scholars? 限定观点来源，问的是原因事实，不是推断。

Why don't some employees work hard according to many scholars? 是 Why 引导的疑问句，含助动词否定 don't，主语 some employees，状语 according to many scholars 标明观点来源；结构清晰。

• A)与原文相反

  原文并未把 entitled 员工的偷懒归因于 "缺乏自我价值感 "；恰恰相反，inflated sense of self-worth 指出他们 "自我价值感膨胀 "，They lack a strong sense of self-worth. 是反向编造。

• B)✓ 正确
  • parents who overindulge their kids↔They were spoiled when growing up.
  • begins in childhood↔when growing up

  预判的两个要素 "童年 + 被父母溺爱 "，分别对应 when growing up 与 were spoiled，They were spoiled when growing up. 全部落定。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文确有 legitimately dissatisfied with their employment conditions due to, say, being denied fair pay 提到 "被不公正对待 " 的另一类员工，但作者明确把这类人排除在讨论之外；They have received unfair treatment. 把另一群体的原因贴到本题群体身上。

• D)偷换概念

  原文说被溺爱者是 parents who overindulge their kids，是 parents 而非 boss；They are overindulged by their boss. 把 "父母溺爱 " 偷换成 "老板溺爱 "，对象错位。

题干 What is a manager supposed to do to enable workers to do a better job? 问管理者应该做什么，回原文找原文给出的方法陈述句即可。

What is a manager supposed to do to enable workers to do a better job? 主干是 What is a manager supposed to do，be supposed to 表 "应该"；to enable workers to do a better job 是不定式作目的状语，使役结构 enable sb. to do。

• A)无中生有

  原文并未要求管理者去 "察觉员工情绪 "；Be aware of their emotions. 中的 emotions 与 "觉察情绪 " 在原文中均无对应，纯属编造。

• B)无中生有

  原文没有提及 "及时晋升 " 这一手段；Give them timely promotions. 把 "维持动力 " 具体化成了 "及时给予晋升 "，是无中生有兼过度推断。

• C)无中生有

  原文未要求管理者 "记录员工表现 "；Keep a record of their performance. 把 perform well（结果）误读成了 record of performance（手段），方向也错位。

• D)✓ 正确
  • find out how to keep them motivated↔Seek ways to sustain their motivation.
  • to perform well↔do a better job

  预判 "想办法维持员工动力 " 与 Seek ways to sustain their motivation. 在 "寻方法 " 与 "维持动力 " 两个语义槽位双双对齐，锁定 D。

题干 What do the research findings reveal about ethical leaders? 问研究结论中关于某对象的事实，按细节题处理。

What do the research findings reveal about ethical leaders? 是 What 引导的疑问句，谓语 reveal，about ethical leaders 是介词短语作宾语补足，限定 reveal 的对象。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 They also hold employees accountable for their behaviors 说 ethical leaders "对员工的行为问责 "——是 "领导让员工担责 "；They are held accountable by their employees. 反说成 "领导被员工问责 "，主被动方向反转。

• B)过度推断

  原文说 ethical leaders 的 expectations 直接清晰，并未说他们在 likes and dislikes（个人好恶）上始终透明；They are always transparent in their likes and dislikes. 把 "沟通期望直接 " 扩张到 "个人好恶始终透明 "，超出原文范围。

• C)✓ 正确
  • communicate very direct and clear expectations↔They convey their requirements in a straightforward way.

  预判 "直接清晰地传达要求 " 与 They convey their requirements in a straightforward way. 三个语义槽位（传达 / 要求 / 直接）全部对齐，锁定 C。

• D)无中生有

  原文没有提到 ethical leaders "刻意与员工打好关系 "。rather than indulging employees 恰恰否定了 "纵容 / 讨好 " 这一路；They make it a point to be on good terms with their employees. 把 "原则导向 " 错换成了 "关系导向 "。

题干 What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical by entitled employees? 问哪一类领导被特定群体视为符合某属性，按原文中描述这种被视为关系的句子定位即可。

What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical by entitled employees? 主干 What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical，被动结构 are viewed as，by entitled employees 是动作发出者；结构需注意被动语态的方向：是 "被 entitled employees 视为"，不是反过来。

• A)✓ 正确
  • ethical leaders will deliver on their promises↔Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments.

  预判 "兑现承诺、说到做到 " 与 Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments. 在 "被信赖 + 兑现承诺 " 两个语义槽位双双对齐，锁定 A。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 They'd then go further to explain the specific, and objective, criteria the employee must meet to receive their desired rewards. 强调 ethical leaders 给的是 "客观且明确 " 的标准；Those who can do things beyond normal expectations. 把 "按标准奖励 " 错写成 "超出常规预期 "，方向相反。

• C)张冠李戴

  exercise caution 是文末研究者本人的态度（提醒 no single response is the perfect remedy），不是 entitled 员工对 ethical leaders 的评价；Those who exercise caution in making major decisions. 把研究者的特征贴到了 ethical leaders 身上。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 an ethical leader is significantly disinclined to accommodate their demands 明确说 ethical leaders "显著不愿迁就员工需求 "；Those who know how to satisfy their employees' needs. 反说成 "懂得满足员工需求 "，方向完全相反。