2021年12月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：7 篇录音各自先给 共 2349 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 7 · B 6 · C 6 · D 6。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语六级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2021年12月·第2套 英语六级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
M: Good morning and welcome to People in the News. With me today is Meghan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines.
M: 早上好，欢迎收看《新闻人物》。今天和我一起做节目的是 Meghan Brown，一位环保活动人士。她那本颇具争议的新书《Beyond Recycling》正在成为新闻焦点。
W: Hi, Brian. Thanks for having me today. I'm excited to explain to the audience what my book is really about.
W: 你好，Brian。谢谢你今天邀请我来。我很高兴能向观众解释我的书到底讲的是什么。
M: Critics of your book assert that you're trying to force radical changes on the entire country. Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal.
M: 批评你这本书的人声称，你试图迫使整个国家发生激进的改变。有人说，你想强迫所有人都吃素，并让私人交通工具变得非法。
W: I'm aware of those claims, but they simply aren't true. People who haven't read the book are making assumptions about my arguments. They know I'm a vegetarian, that I don't wear leather or fur, and that I always use public transportation. So they're depicting me as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist determined to force my beliefs on others.
W: 我知道这些说法，但它们根本不是真的。那些没读过这本书的人在擅自揣测我的观点。他们知道我是素食主义者，不穿皮革或皮草，而且总是乘坐公共交通。所以，他们把我描述成一个激进的动物权利活动人士和环保主义者，认定我决心把自己的信仰强加给别人。
M: But don't you want others to adopt your practices? You've campaigned for animal rights and the environment for decades.
M: 但你难道不希望别人也采取你的生活方式吗？你为动物权利和环境问题奔走了几十年。
W: I'd love it if people choose to live as I do. But my life choices are based on my personal convictions. They aren't my recommendations for others who don't share those convictions.
W: 如果人们选择像我这样生活，我当然会很高兴。但我的生活选择是基于我个人的信念。对于那些不认同这些信念的人来说，这并不是我的建议。
M: Well, in this excerpt from your book, you argue that meat consumption and private transport are devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public transport.
M: 那么，在你书中的这段节选里，你认为食用肉类和使用私人交通工具正在严重破坏环境，而对地球来说，最好的选择是素食和公共交通。
W: I did write that. But those are examples of what I call best practices, not what I'm actually suggesting. In my guidelines for saving the environment, I suggest modest changes, like eating vegetarian meals two days a week.
W: 我的确写了这些。但那只是我所说的最佳做法的例子，并不是我实际提出的建议。在我关于保护环境的指导中，我建议进行一些适度的改变，比如每周吃两天素食。
M: You also endorse high taxes on meat and other animal products and increased taxes on gasoline. Those taxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices.
M: 你还支持对肉类和其他动物制品征收高额税，并提高汽油税。这些税收可能会迫使穷人采用你的生活方式。
W: But the taxes I suggest aren't that high, less than 3% only. Plus, the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection, which benefits everyone.
W: 但我建议的税率并不高，只有不到3%。此外，筹集到的钱将用于环境保护，而这会让每个人都受益。
What do we learn about the woman's new book?
关于这位女士的新书我们了解到什么?
- A) 它引起了很多争议。
- B) 它受到了非常好的评价。
- C) 它主要是为素食者写的。
- D) 它冒犯了许多环保人士。
With me today is Meghan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines.
今天和我在一起的是梅根·布朗，一位环保活动家，她那本充满争议的新书《超越回收》正成为头条。
开场介绍即定性句。主持人开场介绍嘉宾时用 controversial new book 直接给书定了性，开场点题句往往就是答案句，不必等转折。
- controversial new bookIt has given rise to much controversy.形容词转名词化
- B)与原文相反It has been very favorably received. 说广受好评，与原文 controversial(有争议)方向相反；有争议恰恰意味着评价两极，不等于一致叫好。
借用原文：controversial new book
- C)原词陷阱It was primarily written for vegetarians. 借了后文反复出现的素食话题，但录音从未说这本书「主要写给素食者」；vegetarian 是真听到的词，可这句话原文没说，是典型听到原词就想选。
借用原文：They know I'm a vegetarian
- D)原词陷阱It offends many environmentalists. 用了 environmentalist 这个反复出现的词，但原文说她被人「描绘成」环保活动家，从没说这本书「冒犯了许多环保人士」，属凭原词臆造。
借用原文：as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist
What do some critics say about the author of the book?
一些批评者对这本书的作者有何评价?
- A) 她忽视了人们在动物保护方面的努力。
- B) 她试图强迫人们接受她的激进观点。
- C) 她忽视了公共交通的各种好处。
- D) 她坚持认为素食者正在危害环境。
Critics of your book assert that you're trying to force radical changes on the entire country. Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal.
你这本书的批评者断言，你想把激进的改变强加给整个国家。有人声称你想强迫所有人吃素食、把私人交通工具变成非法。
Critics assert 转述信号。出现 Critics of your book assert that 这一转述信号，明确告诉你下面就是批评者的说法，正对题干的 critics，是答案句标志。
- you're trying to force radical changes on the entire countryShe tries to force people to accept her radical ideas.几近同词的核心保留
- A)未提及She neglects people's efforts in animal protection. 提到 animal protection 蹭了动物话题，但批评者从没说她「忽视他人的动保努力」，原文无此评价。
- C)原词陷阱She ignores the various benefits of public transport. 用了反复出现的 public transport，但批评者根本没说她「无视公共交通的好处」——恰恰相反，她是支持公共交通的，这是把话题词乱拼成的指控。
借用原文：make private transport illegal
- D)张冠李戴She insists vegetarians are harming the environment. 用了 vegetarian 和 environment 两个高频词，但批评者说的是她想强迫大家吃素，绝非说「素食者在破坏环境」，意思被拧反了。
借用原文：you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet
What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested?
这位女士对她建议的饮食改变有何主张?
- A) 它们是重大的。
- B) 它们是革命性的。
- C) 它们是合理的。
- D) 它们是适度的。
In my guidelines for saving the environment, I suggest modest changes, like eating vegetarian meals two days a week.
在我那份保护环境的指南里，我建议的是温和的改变，比如每周吃两天素食。
I suggest+定性词。她亲口说 I suggest modest changes，suggest 后紧跟的形容词就是她对所建议改变的定性，是这题答案信号。
- I suggest modest changesThey are modest.同词直接还原
- A)与原文相反They are significant. 说重大，与她自述的 modest(温和)程度相反；她特意强调改变不大，significant 正好拧反。
借用原文：I suggest modest changes
- B)张冠李戴They are revolutionary. 革命性，呼应了前文批评者说的 radical，但那是批评者的指控，她本人恰恰否认并改称 modest，把批评口吻当成她的定性就上当了。
借用原文：force radical changes
- C)未提及They are rational. 理性的，听起来像褒义合理，但录音里她用的词是 modest 而非 rational，原文从未称这些改变「理性」。
What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase?
这位女士对她建议的增税有何看法?
- A) 它将有助于保护环境。
- B) 它将为公共卫生筹集资金。
- C) 它需要公众的支持。
- D) 它会迫使穷人改变他们的饮食。
But the taxes I suggest aren't that high, less than 3% only. Plus, the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection, which benefits everyone.
但我建议的税率没那么高，只有不到3%。而且，所产生的钱会被用于环境保护，这对每个人都有益。
Plus 之后补出关键好处。她先用 But 澄清税不高，再用 Plus, the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection 补出加税的去向与好处，Plus 引出的这句才是她想强调的作用，是答案句。
- the money generated would be allocated to environmental protectionIt would help to protect the environment.措施钱去向=保护环境
- B)原词陷阱It would generate money for public health. 借了原文 the money generated，但钱的去向是 environmental protection(环保)而非 public health(公共卫生)，把用途偷换了。
借用原文：the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection
- C)未提及It would need support from the general public. 听着合理，但她谈加税时只说税率低、钱用于环保，从没说这措施「需要公众支持」，是无中生有。
- D)张冠李戴It would force poor people to change their diet. 含 force 和 poor people，但这是主持人质疑时的说法(第9段)，正是她要反驳的，不是她自己对加税的说法，题干问的是她怎么说。
借用原文：Those taxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices.
M: With me in the studio today is Ms. Jane Logan, author of a new book, Secrets to Success. She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success. So Ms. Logan, in your book, you claim that successful people have many things in common. For instance, they know their strengths when pursuing a goal.
M: 今天和我一起在演播室的是简·洛根女士，她是新书《成功的秘诀》的作者。她声称自己已经揭示了人们取得成功的方式。那么，洛根女士，在您的书中，您声称成功人士有许多共同之处。比如说，他们在追求目标时清楚自己的优势。
W: That's right. They also tend to be motivated by a negative or positive life event. They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them.
W: 没错。他们往往还会受到人生中某个积极或消极事件的激励。他们把自己的成功归功于生命中有一个相信他们的人。
M: You also write that there are a number of different factors related to success. And while successful people are driven to achieve their goals, the ultra successful have even greater ambition.
M: 您还写道，成功与许多不同因素有关。成功人士会努力实现自己的目标，而那些极其成功的人则有更大的抱负。
W: Yes, greater ambition as well as a burning desire to be the best of the best is also a common characteristic.
W: 是的，更大的抱负，以及成为最优秀中的最优秀者的强烈愿望，也是一个共同特征。
M: Right. So those who are determined don't see obstacles as something that prevents success, but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome.
M: 没错。所以，那些意志坚定的人不会把障碍看成阻止成功的东西，而只会把它们视为需要克服的不便。
W: Absolutely. Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals.
W: 当然。成功人士也很乐观，因为在意识到可能阻碍我们实现目标的障碍的同时，保持积极的心态非常重要。
M: That's a good point. All too often, people give up at the first hurdle. Would you say then that most successful people make it all by themselves?
M: 说得好。人们往往在遇到第一个障碍时就放弃了。那么，您是否认为大多数成功人士都是完全靠自己取得成功的呢？
W: Not exactly. They are usually good at cooperating with people and understanding the needs of others.
W: 不完全是。他们通常很善于与人合作，也善于理解他人的需求。
M: So people will be willing to help them, I guess.
M: 所以我想，人们会愿意帮助他们。
W: That's correct. And this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect, whether it's with a colleague, an assistant or even a receptionist.
W: 没错。而且，这往往会带来极大的相互尊重，无论对方是同事、助理，还是前台接待员。
M: Most successful people I know are very passionate about their work. Would you say that passion is the single biggest key to success?
M: 我认识的大多数成功人士都对自己的工作充满热情。您认为热情是成功的最大关键吗？
W: Not entirely. There's a prerequisite, that is, you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion. If that exists, success will follow.
W: 不完全是。有一个前提条件，也就是说，你必须在一个能够培养热情的环境中工作。如果这一点具备了，成功就会随之而来。
What has the woman revealed in her book?
这位女士在她的书中揭示了什么?
- A) 成功人士的优势来自哪里。
- B) 为什么许多人如此努力地追求成功。
- C) 她如何实现了自己的人生目标。
- D) 是什么使人们成功。
开头点题句。主持人开场介绍时一句 She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success. 直接交代了全书主题，开头点题正是主旨题的核心定位信号。
- how people achieve successWhat makes people successful."如何获得成功"="什么造就成功"
- A)原词陷阱录音确说成功者 they know their strengths when pursuing a goal，A 把 strengths 单拎出来问 "strengths 从哪来"，但 "strengths 的来源" 录音根本没讲，且它只是众多特征之一，不是全书主旨。
借用原文：they know their strengths when pursuing a goal
- B)未提及B 问 "为什么很多人拼命追求成功"（原因），但全篇谈的是成功者 "有哪些共同特征"，从未讨论 "人为何要拼命求成功" 这个动机问题，属无中生有。
- C)张冠李戴C 说 "她（作者）如何实现人生目标"，但录音里这位女士是在 "揭示别人成功的规律"，谈的是 people / successful people，不是讲她自己的成功经历，主语张冠李戴。
What do successful people attribute their achievements to?
成功人士将他们的成就归功于什么?
- A) 有一个对他们有信心的人。
- B) 有一个随时准备帮助他们的人。
- C) 对自己的能力有坚定的信念。
- D) 对生活有现实的态度。
They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them.
他们把成功归功于生命中有一个相信他们的人。
归因信号 credit...to。被问者（女士）的应答 They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them. 中 credit...to（归功于）正是归因信号，它后面跟的就是答案点。
- someone in their life who believes in themHaving someone who has confidence in them.believes in=has confidence in
- B)原词陷阱B "有人随时愿帮他们" 与 A 仅差核心词。录音说的是 someone who believes in them（相信），不是 "愿意帮忙"。"愿帮忙" 是后文 people will be willing to help them 才提到、且属另一道题的内容，搬到这里就答非所问。
借用原文：people will be willing to help them
- C)偷换概念C "对自身能力有坚定信念" 把主语换成了 "自己"，而录音明确是 someone...who believes in them——是 "别人相信他"，主语方向相反。
- D)未提及D "对生活持现实态度" 在整段归因表述里完全没出现，录音只说归功于 "有人相信他们"，与 "现实态度" 无关，属无中生有。
What do successful people do when faced with difficulties?
成功人士在面对困难时会做什么?
- A) 他们相应地调整自己的目标。
- B) 他们努力表现出乐观的样子。
- C) 他们保持积极。
- D) 他们保持冷静。
Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals.
成功者也很乐观，因为在意识到那些会阻碍我们达成目标的障碍的同时，保持积极是很重要的。
困难词 obstacles 附近的描述。被问者说 it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles，obstacles（障碍）这一困难词附近，紧跟的 stay positive 正是成功者面对困难的反应。
- stay positiveThey stay positive.原话直接对应
- Successful people are also optimisticstay positiveoptimistic 与 positive 同义
- A)与原文相反A "相应调整目标"，但录音第 5 段说成功者 don't see obstacles as something that prevents success, but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome——是 "克服障碍" 而非 "改目标"，方向相反。
借用原文：mere inconveniences that need to be overcome
- B)偷换概念B "努力让自己显得乐观"，录音确说 optimistic、stay positive，但那是 "真的保持积极"，不是 "appear（装作）乐观"，selflessly 加了一个 "装样子" 的意思，曲解原意。
借用原文：Successful people are also optimistic
- D)偷换概念D "remain calm（保持冷静）" 与 C "stay positive（保持积极）" 极易混，但录音说的是 positive / optimistic（积极乐观），从未说 calm（冷静），用近义词偷梁换柱。
What is one prerequisite for passion at work according to the woman?
根据这位女士的说法,工作中拥有热情的一个先决条件是什么?
- A) 善解人意的领导。
- B) 培育性的环境。
- C) 同事之间的相互尊重。
- D) 高度合作的团队成员。
There's a prerequisite, that is, you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion.
有一个前提条件，那就是，你必须在一个能培育激情的环境里工作。
明示信号 prerequisite + have to。被问者直接说 There's a prerequisite, that is, you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion.，prerequisite（前提）加 have to（必须）双重 "必需" 信号，答案点就在其后。
- an environment that nurtures passionA nurturing environment.动词短语压缩成名词短语
- A)原词陷阱A "an understanding leadership"，前提句只讲 "培育激情的环境"，全程未提 "领导"；understanding 一词倒是在别处 understanding the needs of others 出现过、但那是讲 "理解他人需求" 的合作，与领导无关。
借用原文：understanding the needs of others
- C)原词陷阱C "同事间相互尊重"，mutual respect 确在录音 this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect 出现过，但那是讲合作 "带来" 的结果、且属第 6-7 题语境，不是 "激情的前提"，搬来此处答非所问。
借用原文：this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect
- D)张冠李戴D "highly cooperative teammates"，录音确说成功者 good at cooperating with people，但那是讲成功者自身的合作能力，不是 "激情的前提"；把合作内容嫁接到前提题上属张冠李戴。
借用原文：good at cooperating with people
The saying "blind as a bat" simply isn't correct. The truth is that all 1100 bat species can see and often their vision is pretty good, although not as excellent as other night-hunting animals.
“像蝙蝠一样瞎”这种俗语根本不正确。事实是，所有1100种蝙蝠都有视力，而且它们的视力通常相当不错，尽管不如其他夜间捕猎的动物那样出色。
There are two main groups of bats, which are believed to have evolved independently of each other, but both from a common ancestor. The first group, known as the mega bats, are mostly medium-sized or large bats who eat fruits, flowers, and sometimes small animals or fish. These species have distinctive visual centers and big eyes. They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey. For example, Flying Foxes not only see well during daylight, but can also distinguish colors. They actually rely on their daylight vision and cannot fly during the night with no moonlight.
蝙蝠主要分为两大类，据信它们是从共同祖先独立演化而来的。第一类被称为大蝙蝠，大多是中型或大型蝙蝠，以水果、花朵为食，有时也吃小动物或鱼类。这些物种拥有独特的视觉中心和大眼睛。它们利用视觉和嗅觉来捕获猎物。例如，狐蝠不仅在白天视力良好，还能分辨颜色。它们实际上依赖白天的视力，在没有月光的夜晚无法飞行。
The second group, called micro bats, are smaller in size and mostly eat insects. These species use echolocation to find their way and identify food. Scientists have proven that despite their poorly developed small eyes, these bats still can see during the day. When we consider the nightly lifestyle of these bats, we will see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels because this is how they sense when to start hunting. Moreover, vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances, beyond the range of echolocation.
第二类被称为小蝙蝠，体型较小，主要以昆虫为食。这些物种利用回声定位来辨别方向和识别食物。科学家已经证实，尽管这些蝙蝠的小眼睛发育较差，但它们在白天仍然可以看到。当我们考虑到这些蝙蝠的夜间生活方式时，就会发现它们必须对光线强度的变化保持敏感，因为它们正是以此感知何时开始捕猎。此外，小蝙蝠还利用视觉进行长距离飞行，超出了回声定位的范围。
So the truth is, there are no bats which are naturally blind. Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle, but their eyes are still functional.
因此事实是，没有天生失明的蝙蝠。出于对特定生活方式的适应，某些物种使用听觉多于眼睛，但它们的眼睛仍然具有功能。
What do we learn about mega bats?
关于大型蝙蝠我们了解到什么？
- A) 它们使用听觉捕捉猎物。
- B) 它们的食物主要由小型动物和鱼类组成。
- C) 它们有大眼睛和独特的视觉中枢。
- D) 它们的祖先与小型蝙蝠的祖先不同。
对象+特征的直陈句。录音在介绍 mega bats 后紧接一句专讲其生理特征 These species have distinctive visual centers and big eyes.，这种紧贴对象的直陈描述句就是承载特征题答案的句子。
- distinctive visual centers and big eyesbig eyes and distinctive visual centers同内容换语序
- A)张冠李戴录音说 mega bats 是 They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.，靠视觉和嗅觉捕食；A 把别处提到的 sense of hearing 安到 mega bats 头上，且 mega 用的根本不是听觉。
借用原文：They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.
- B)原词陷阱录音确实念到 eat fruits, flowers, and sometimes small animals or fish，B 盗用了 small animals and fish 这几个原词，但只截取了一部分（漏了 fruits, flowers）、把偶尔吃说成主食，是以偏概全的原词陷阱。
借用原文：eat fruits, flowers, and sometimes small animals or fish
- D)与原文相反录音说两类蝙蝠 both from a common ancestor，是共同祖先；D 称 mega 的祖先与 micro 不同，正好与原文相反，是把同变成了不同。
借用原文：both from a common ancestor
How do micro bats find their way and identify food?
小型蝙蝠如何找到方向并识别食物？
- A) 借助月光。
- B) 通过回声定位。
- C) 借助日光视觉。
- D) 通过视觉和嗅觉。
方式动词use直陈手段。录音用 use echolocation to find their way and identify food 把手段（echolocation）和目的（find way / identify food）一句说全，use 后接的就是 How 题要的方式，是标准答案句。
- use echolocationBy means of echolocation动词改介词短语
- A)原词陷阱录音 moonlight 出现在讲 mega bats 的 cannot fly during the night with no moonlight，是说没月光就飞不了，既不是 micro bats、又是个否定语境；A 盗 moonlight 这个原词答非所问。
借用原文：cannot fly during the night with no moonlight
- C)张冠李戴daylight vision 是录音描述 mega bats（Flying Foxes）的 rely on their daylight vision，C 把 mega 的本领安到 micro bats 的找路方式上，张冠李戴。
借用原文：rely on their daylight vision
- D)张冠李戴vision and smell 出自 mega bats 的 They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.，是 mega 的捕食手段；D 把这套手段挪给 micro bats 找路，盗原词又张冠李戴。
借用原文：They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.
Why do some species of bats use their sense of hearing more than their eyes?
为什么某些种类的蝙蝠使用听觉多于使用眼睛？
- A) 为了弥补它们天生缺乏视觉。
- B) 为了适应特定的生活方式。
- C) 为了便于长距离飞行。
- D) 为了在不断变化的天气中生存。
Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle, but their eyes are still functional.
有些物种更多地依赖听觉而非眼睛，这是对某种特定生活方式的一种适应，但它们的眼睛依然是有功能的。
as a matter of点出原因。末段用 as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle 直接给出更依赖听觉的缘由，as a matter of 是显式的原因信号，这句就是 Why 题的答案句。
- as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyleTo adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle名词化改不定式
- A)与原文相反录音末段明确 there are no bats which are naturally blind、眼睛仍 functional；A 称要弥补天生没视力，与原文 naturally blind 的否定恰好相反。
借用原文：there are no bats which are naturally blind
- C)原词陷阱long distances 出自第三段 vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances，说的是视觉的用途；C 盗这个原词来回答更依赖听觉的原因，答非所问。
借用原文：vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances
- D)未提及录音从未把更依赖听觉归因于应对天气，weather 一词全篇没出现；D 是凭空添加的原因，属未提及。
A study has found that educational TV shows come with an added lesson that influences the child's behavior. Children who spend more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children. This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was intended. However, they're also learning other things along the way.
一项研究发现，教育类电视节目还附带着一堂会影响儿童行为的课程。花更多时间观看教育类节目的儿童，会增加对其他儿童的情绪性攻击行为。这表明，儿童能够学会节目原本 intended 的教育内容。然而，在此过程中，他们也会学到其他东西。
This unintended impact has to do with the portrayal of conflict in media and how preschool-age children comprehend that conflict. TV and movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior. This is to teach children a lesson at the end of the program. Educational shows have pro-education and pro-social goals. However, conflict between characters is often depicted with characters being unkind to each other or they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other. Preschool children really don't get the moral of the story. That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that. These are still developing in young children.
这种非预期影响与媒体对冲突的呈现方式以及学龄前儿童对冲突的理解方式有关。电视和电影制作者经常加入不良行为元素，以便在节目结尾教给儿童一个道理。教育类节目具有促进教育和促进社会性发展的目标。然而，人物之间的冲突通常被刻画为人物彼此不友善，或者彼此采用情绪性攻击手段。学龄前儿童确实无法理解故事的寓意。这是因为他们需要理解节目中的各个部分是如何相互联系、共同构成整体的。要做到这一点，需要相当复杂的认知能力和记忆能力，而这些能力在幼儿身上仍在发展之中。
However, parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing. Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot. Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end. They should explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate. This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show for those messages.
然而，家长不应该完全限制儿童观看电视。相反，家长应该陪孩子一起观看，并帮助他们理解情节。家长可以在观看过程中发表评论，然后在结尾解释其中传达的信息。他们应该说明某些行为方式为什么是不恰当的。这将帮助儿童理解并领会节目传达的信息，也帮助他们学会关注节目中的这些信息。
What does the passage say about children watching educational programs?
文章关于儿童观看教育节目说了什么？
- A) 他们获得了书本上找不到的知识。
- B) 他们学会了如何与同龄人互动。
- C) 他们在情感上变得更具攻击性。
- D) 他们为上学做了更充分的准备。
Children who spend more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children.
花更多时间看教育类节目的孩子，会增加他们对其他孩子的情绪攻击性。
话题词定位 + 反预期的负面定性。录音开头说研究发现教育节目"comes with an added lesson that influences the child's behavior"，随即点出 increase their emotional aggression toward other children——这个"与直觉相反的负面结果"正是研究要讲的核心，是答案句的信号。
- increase their emotional aggression toward other childrenbecome more emotionally aggressive动宾结构改写为系表结构
- A)原词陷阱录音确实反复说 educational、added lesson，They acquire knowledge not found in books. 顺势编出"学到书本外的知识"，但 learn the educational lesson that was intended 说的是"学到了节目本意要教的内容"，并非"书本里没有的知识"，属听到 lesson 就想选的原词陷阱。
借用原文：learn the educational lesson that was intended
- B)未提及They learn how to interact with their peers."学会与同伴相处"听起来很像教育节目的好处，但录音通篇讲的是孩子对其他孩子"increase emotional aggression"，恰恰是相处变差，从未说学会良性互动，属未提及。
- D)过度推断They get much better prepared for school. 与录音 learn to watch the show for those messages 的方向无关，录音从没说看节目让孩子"更适应学校"；它借"教育"联想到"上学"，是凭常识推过头的正向结论。
Why can't preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs?
为什么学龄前儿童无法理解电视节目中传达的道德寓意？
- A) 他们在情感上还远未做好准备。
- B) 他们往往更容易被画面吸引。
- C) 他们无法理解节目中的冲突。
- D) 他们缺乏认知和记忆技能。
That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that. These are still developing in young children.
那是因为这要求他们理解节目所有部分如何拼接在一起。要做到这点，你需要相当复杂的认知能力和记忆能力。而这些能力在幼儿身上还在发育之中。
因果信号 That's because 直接领出原因。录音先说 Preschool children really don't get the moral of the story，紧接 That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together——That's because 是明确的因果信号，其后两句给出真正原因：需要复杂的认知与记忆能力，而幼儿这些能力还在发育。
- You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skillsThey lack the cognitive and memory skills."需要却还在发育"="缺乏"的肯否定转换
- A)原词陷阱录音里 emotional 多次出现（emotional aggression、emotionally aggressive tactics），They are far from emotionally prepared. 借这个 emotionally 编出"情绪上远未准备好"，但录音解释孩子领会不了寓意，归因的是认知记忆能力，而非情绪准备，属听到 emotionally 就想选的原词陷阱。
借用原文：they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other
- B)未提及They tend to be more attracted by images."更易被画面吸引"是关于幼儿看电视的常识印象，但录音解释"领会不了寓意"时根本没提画面或图像，属未提及。
- C)原词陷阱录音确有 the portrayal of conflict in media 与角色间冲突的描述，They can't follow the conflicts in the show. 借 conflict 编出"跟不上剧中冲突"；但录音说孩子缺的是把"all the parts fit together"整体串联的能力，不是单看不懂冲突这一点，属原词陷阱。
借用原文：it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together
What does the passage suggest parents do?
文章建议家长做什么？
- A) 为孩子选择合适的节目。
- B) 帮助孩子理解节目的情节。
- C) 先为孩子概述节目的情节。
- D) 监督孩子观看电视节目。
Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot.
父母反而应该和孩子一起看，并帮助他们理解剧情。
建议信号 should + 转折 instead。录音先说 parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing（不该完全限制孩子观看），紧接 Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot——should 加 instead 的组合，正是"否定旧做法、给出新建议"的强信号，instead 后才是真正建议。
- help them to understand the plotHelp their children understand the program's plot.代词还原 + 几乎同义复述
- A)原词陷阱录音 program/programs 多次出现，Choose appropriate programs for their children. 借此编出"为孩子挑合适的节目"，但录音的建议是陪看并帮孩子理解，从没说"挑选节目"，属听到 programs 就想选的原词陷阱。
借用原文：Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot
- C)原词陷阱Outline the program's plot for their children first. 借录音里的 plot 编出"先给孩子概述情节"，但录音说的是"帮孩子理解情节（help them understand the plot）"，是陪着理解，而非父母先单方面 outline，属原词陷阱加偷换概念。
借用原文：help them to understand the plot
- D)与原文相反Monitor their children's watching of TV programs."监督孩子看电视"听着像合理建议，但录音明说 parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing——反对单纯管控，主张陪看引导。D 取的恰是录音否定掉的方向，属与原文相反。
借用原文：parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing
What should parents do right after watching the TV program?
家长在观看完电视节目后应该立即做什么？
- A) 向孩子解释节目的寓意。
- B) 检查孩子是否喜欢这个节目。
- C) 鼓励孩子复述故事。
- D) 让孩子描述节目中的人物。
Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end.
父母可以在观看过程中随时点评，然后在结尾时解释其寓意。
时间对照 along the way 对 at the end。录音把父母的动作按时间分两段：comment along the way（看的过程中点评）与 explain the message at the end（在结尾解释寓意）。题干问的是 right after（看完之后），对应的正是 at the end 这一时点的动作，时间标志 at the end 是定位信号。
- explain the message at the endExplain its message to their children.时间状语换补语，动宾近乎照搬
- B)未提及Check if their children have enjoyed it."看孩子是否喜欢"是看完节目后家长常做的常识动作，但录音讲看完后是"explain the message（解释寓意）"，从未提"问喜不喜欢"，属未提及。
- C)偷换概念Encourage their children to retell the story. 与录音相近的是"看完后做点什么"，但录音的动作是父母"explain the message（解释寓意）"，是父母讲给孩子，不是"鼓励孩子复述"，主语和动作都被偷换，属偷换概念。
借用原文：explain the message at the end
- D)原词陷阱录音结尾说父母要 explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate（解释某些行为为何不当），Ask their children to describe its characters. 借"行为/角色"的联想编出"让孩子描述角色"，但录音是父母讲解行为是否得当，不是让孩子描述人物，属原词陷阱。
借用原文：explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate
While it has long been a practice in Asian countries, many people in Western countries have yet to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule. For many in those countries, wiping their shoes before going inside is regarded as sufficient. After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone. But I can give you several good reasons why people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes.
虽然在亚洲国家，无鞋入室长期以来一直是一种习惯，但许多西方国家的人仍未接受在屋内不穿鞋的规定。对这些国家的许多人来说，进屋前擦擦鞋就被认为足够了。毕竟，他们可能认为一点灰尘不会伤害任何人。但我可以给你几个人们进屋前应该脱鞋的充分理由。
Bacteria are everywhere. They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks, public toilet floors and even office carpets. In one study conducted at an American university, researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear. They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe. And it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors. The more dirt you track in, the more it scratches and the more often you'd have to clean. The extra scrubbing will harm your floors over time. Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors, especially high heels or shoes with pointed or hard parts. These can dent and scratch your floor. And if you live in an apartment building, removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do out of consideration for your downstairs neighbors.
细菌无处不在。当你沿着人行道、公共厕所的地面，甚至办公室的地毯行走时，细菌会附着在你的鞋上。在一所美国大学开展的一项研究中，研究人员从鞋子上采集了微小的细菌。他们发现，单只鞋子的外部最多可以聚集421,000个细菌单位。而损坏木地板只需要一点点灰尘。你带进屋里的灰尘越多，地板受到的刮擦就越严重，你需要清洁地板的频率也就越高。额外的擦洗会随着时间的推移损坏地板。鞋子也可能在地板上留下痕迹和划痕，尤其是高跟鞋或带有尖锐、坚硬部件的鞋子。这些鞋子会使地板凹陷并留下划痕。而且，如果你住在公寓楼里，考虑到楼下邻居，脱掉发出声响的鞋子是一种礼貌的做法。
Walking around with bare feet is actually better for your feet. It strengthens the muscles in your feet. Though many people are accustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours, the more time you spend wearing shoes, the more likely you are to incur foot injuries as a result.
实际上，赤脚走路对你的双脚更有益。它能增强脚部肌肉。尽管许多人已经习惯在清醒的所有时间里都穿鞋，但你穿鞋的时间越长，就越有可能因此受到足部伤害。
And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments, I can give one final reason. The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home. Toxic chemicals are everywhere in our lives: insect-killing chemicals used on public grass areas, cleaning chemicals on the floors of public areas. By kicking off your shoes before you enter the home, you are denying entry to these harmful chemicals.
如果人们还没有被我的论据说服，我还可以给出最后一个理由。你通过鞋子带进屋里的灰尘和有毒化学物质会降低家中的空气质量。有毒化学物质遍布我们的生活：公共草地上使用的杀虫剂，公共场所地面上的清洁剂。进屋前脱掉鞋子，就能阻止这些有害化学物质进入室内。
Given the amount of time we spend in classrooms, and the number of shoes that pass through them every day, you may well understand me if I were to propose a no-shoes-in-the-classroom rule.
考虑到我们在教室里度过的时间，以及每天经过教室的鞋子数量，如果我提议制定教室内不穿鞋的规定，你很可能会理解我。
Why don't many Westerners take off shoes before entering a house?
为什么许多西方人在进屋前不脱鞋?
- A) 他们担心伤到自己的脚。
- B) 他们从未养成这个习惯。
- C) 他们认为一点脏东西不会伤害任何人。
- D) 他们觉得这样做相当麻烦。
For many in those countries, wiping their shoes before going inside is regarded as sufficient. After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone.
对那些国家的许多人来说，进门前把鞋蹭一蹭就算够了。毕竟，他们也许觉得一点脏东西伤不了谁。
After all 引出真实想法。答案落在 After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone. 这句，信号词是 After all——它引出 "人们之所以不脱鞋" 背后的真实想法，是这道原因题的落点。
- a little dirt doesn't hurt anyonea little dirt harms no one同义改写：hurt anyone = harm no one
- A)原词陷阱They are afraid of injuring their feet. 盗用了原文 incur foot injuries 这个 "脚受伤" 的字眼，但原文那句是说 "穿鞋越久越容易伤脚"，是赤脚有益的论据，根本不是 "西方人不脱鞋的原因"，属听到 "伤脚" 就误选。
借用原文：the more likely you are to incur foot injuries
- B)They have never developed the habit. 听上去合理，但原文只说脱鞋 has long been a practice in Asian countries、西方人 have yet to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule，是在陈述 "做不做" 的现状，从未把 "没养成习惯" 点为他们不脱鞋的原因，属原文未明说的推断。
借用原文：many people in Western countries have yet to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule
- D)They find it rather troublesome to do so. 在原文里找不到对应——说话人只说他们觉得蹭蹭鞋 is regarded as sufficient（就够了），从没说他们 "嫌脱鞋麻烦"，这是凭生活常识脑补出来的，属未提及。
What is the finding of one study by researchers at an American university?
美国一所大学的研究人员进行的一项研究有什么发现?
- A) 公共厕所地板上存在不同类型的细菌。
- B) 人行道上的细菌比家中的多。
- C) 办公室地毯比其他地方收集的细菌更多。
- D) 单只鞋子上收集了大量细菌。
In one study conducted at an American university, researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear. They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe.
在美国一所大学开展的一项研究中，研究人员从鞋上采集了微观细菌。他们发现，一只鞋的外侧最多可聚集多达 42.1 万个单位的细菌。
They found 引出研究结论。信号是 In one study conducted at an American university 点出研究，紧接 They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe 用 "They found" 抛出具体发现——一只鞋上多达 42.1 万单位细菌，这就是答案句。
- up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoeA large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe具体数字概括为 a large number
- A)Different types of bacteria existed on public-toilet floors. 盗用原文 public toilet floors 这个原词，但那句 They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks, public toilet floors and even office carpets 是泛说 "细菌哪里都有"，并非那项研究的发现；且 "不同种类的细菌" 原文也没提，属张冠李戴加无中生有。
借用原文：public toilet floors
- B)There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home. 盗用 sidewalks 一词，但原文只把人行道与公厕、办公室地毯并列说 "都会沾菌"，从没拿 "人行道" 和 "家中" 作 more…than 的比较，这个比较是凭空加上去的。
借用原文：when you walk along sidewalks, public toilet floors and even office carpets
- C)Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere. 盗用原文 office carpets，但原文只把办公室地毯当作 "也会沾菌" 的并列地点之一，还用 even 表示 "连地毯都沾"，绝没有说它 "比别处收集得多"，属偷换为最高级/比较级。
借用原文：and even office carpets
What is the final reason the speaker gives for removing shoes before entering a house?
说话者给出的进屋前脱鞋的最后一个理由是什么?
- A) 鞋子上的化学物质会使空气质量恶化。
- B) 鞋子的噪音会打扰家庭成员。
- C) 鞋子留下的痕迹很难清除。
- D) 鞋子会在地板上留下划痕。
And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments, I can give one final reason. The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home.
如果有人还没被我的论据说服，我可以再给出最后一个理由。你通过鞋子带进家里的灰尘和有毒化学物质，会让家中的空气质量变差。
one final reason 标志收尾理由。信号是 I can give one final reason——"one final reason" 明确宣告这是最后一个理由，紧跟其后的 The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home 即答案句。
- toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air qualityThe chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality几乎同义、deteriorate 原样保留
- B)Shoes can upset family members with their noise. 盗用第 2 段 removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do 里的 "noisy/噪音" 概念，但原文那是说为楼下邻居着想，针对的是 downstairs neighbors 而非 family members，且它出现在中间、不是 "最后一个" 理由，属张冠李戴加位置错位。
借用原文：removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do out of consideration for your downstairs neighbors
- C)未提及The marks left by shoes are hard to erase. 盗用第 2 段 leave marks and scratches on floors 的 "marks"，但原文只说鞋会留下痕迹划痕、会损伤地板，从没说这些痕迹 "难以清除"，"hard to erase" 是脑补；而且这属第 2 段的地板理由，不是最后理由。
借用原文：Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors
- D)Shoes can leave scratches on the floor. 几乎照搬第 2 段原词 leave marks and scratches on floors，内容原文确实说了，但它是中间列举的地板理由之一，不是题目要的 "one final reason"，属答非所问的原词陷阱。
借用原文：Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors, especially high heels
Emotions are an essential and inseparable part of our consciousness. They are part of a built-in mechanism, which allows us to cope with the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally. When we hide our emotions and our true feelings, we stop being genuine, spontaneous and authentic in our relationships. When we put on cultivated and polished faces in the company of others, we stop being true to ourselves. Socially, it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions, but morally it is also a breach of faith and trust. Although humans are more advanced and intelligent, animals are more genuine and authentic in their behavior and responses than human beings. The more educated we are, the less transparent and reliable we become. We are drawn to our pets because pets do not lie.
情绪是我们意识中不可或缺且无法分割的一部分。它们是与生俱来的机制的一部分，使我们能够在身心两方面应对生活中的起起落落。当我们隐藏自己的情绪和真实感受时，我们在与他人的关系中便不再真诚、自然和真实。当我们在他人面前摆出经过刻意修饰和精心打磨的面孔时，我们便不再忠于自我。从社会角度看，隐藏真实情绪可能是一种有效的策略，但从道德角度看，这也违背了信任和诚信。尽管人类更加先进、更加聪明，但动物在行为和反应上比人类更加真诚、更加真实。我们受教育程度越高，就越不透明，也越不可靠。我们会被自己的宠物吸引，是因为宠物不会撒谎。
One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human. There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional, unless your emotions make you inhuman, insensitive and cruel to others. Feelings of guilt associated with emotions are more devastating and damaging than the experience of emotion itself. So when you deal with the problem of emotions, you should learn not only how to control them but also how to accept them and manage the guilt and anguish arising from them.
处理愤怒或恐惧等情绪的第一步之一，是承认它们是正常的人类情感。情绪化本身没有任何罪恶或不道德之处，除非你的情绪使你变得不人道、麻木不仁并且残酷地对待他人。与情绪相关的内疚感，比情绪本身的体验更具破坏性，也更令人痛苦。因此，当你处理情绪问题时，不仅要学会如何控制情绪，还要学会如何接受情绪，并管理由此产生的内疚和苦恼。
Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a more evolved and rational outer core. Most of the time, the rational part of the mind controls the information coming from the primitive core and makes its own decisions as to what to do and how to respond. However, during critical situations, especially when a threat is perceived, the outer core loses control and fails to regulate the impulses and instinctual responses coming from the primitive brain. As a result, we let disturbing thoughts and emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior.
我们的大脑由一个原始的内部核心和一个进化程度更高、更具理性的外部核心组成。大多数时候，心智中理性的部分会控制来自原始核心的信息，并自行决定该做什么以及如何回应。然而，在关键情境下，尤其是在察觉到威胁时，外部核心会失去控制，无法调节来自原始大脑的冲动和本能反应。结果，我们让令人不安的思想和情绪进入意识，并屈从于原始的行为方式。
In times of emotional turmoil, remember that emotions arise because your senses are wired to the primitive part of your mind which is self-regulated, autonomous and spontaneous. Your rational mind does not always deal with the messages coming from it effectively. These messages are part of your survival mechanism and should not be stifled simply because emotions are unhealthy and betray your weaknesses. When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver. This way you make use of your emotions without losing your balance and inner stability.
在情绪动荡时期，请记住，情绪之所以产生，是因为你的感官与心智中那个具有自我调节能力、自主性和自发性的原始部分相连。你的理性思维并不总能有效处理来自这一部分的信息。这些信息是你生存机制的一部分，不应仅仅因为情绪不健康、会暴露你的弱点，就被压抑。当情绪出现时，不要压抑它们，而要关注它们，并努力理解它们试图传达的信息。这样，你就能利用自己的情绪，同时不失去平衡和内在的稳定。
What does the speaker say about hiding one's emotions?
说话者关于隐藏情绪说了什么?
- A) 这是有罪的和不道德的。
- B) 这被认为是不文明的。
- C) 这是一种无法控制的行为。
- D) 这是对信念和信任的违背。
Socially, it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions, but morally it is also a breach of faith and trust.
在社交上，隐藏真实情绪也许是个不错的策略，但在道德上，它也是一种对信任的背弃。
转折 but + morally 后才是真意。前半 Socially, it may be a good tactic 是退一步的让步，真正的定性在 but morally it is also a breach of faith and trust，转折词 but 与立场状语 morally 之后那句才是说话人的态度落点。
- a breach of faith and trusta violation of faith and trustbreach = violation 近义替换
- A)原词陷阱It is sinful and immoral. 借用了第二段 There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional 里的原词，但那是在说"有情绪本身"并不可耻，且原文用的是 nothing... 的否定，与"隐藏情绪"无关。
借用原文：There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional
- B)未提及It is deemed uncivilized. 说"被视为不文明"，但录音通篇没把隐藏情绪定性为"不文明"，属凭常识臆测的无中生有。
- C)张冠李戴It is an uncontrollable behavior. 的"控制"主题来自第二、三段讲情绪如何被理性脑调控，与"隐藏情绪是何性质"无关，且原文从未说隐藏情绪"无法控制"。
借用原文：the rational part of the mind controls the information
What should we do first in dealing with emotions?
在处理情绪时我们首先应该做什么?
- A) 评估它们的后果。
- B) 防范它们的危害。
- C) 接受它们是正常的。
- D) 找出它们的原因。
One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human.
处理愤怒或恐惧这类情绪的第一步，是承认它们是正常的、属于人之常情的。
首步标志 one of the first steps。One of the first steps in dealing with emotions 直接对应题干的 do first，是明确的首步信号，其后的 to acknowledge them as normal and human 就是要做的第一步动作。
- to acknowledge them as normal and humanAccept them as normal.acknowledge≈accept、保留 as normal
- A)答非所问Assess their consequences. 中的"后果"虽与第二段 more devastating and damaging 的语气沾边，但原文从未把"评估后果"列为第一步，是借语气制造的答非所问。
借用原文：more devastating and damaging than the experience of emotion itself
- B)与原文相反Guard against their harm. 主张"提防情绪的危害"，但本段恰恰说"有情绪没什么可耻"、要接纳，立场相反，并非要防备情绪。
借用原文：acknowledge them as normal and human
- D)未提及Find out their causes. 说找出情绪的成因，录音里并未把"找原因"列为处理情绪的第一步，属凭常识联想的无中生有。
What are we advised to do when emotions arise?
当情绪出现时,我们被建议做什么?
- A) 试着理解它们传达了什么信息。
- B) 注意它们可能产生的后果。
- C) 从不同的角度考虑它们。
- D) 确保它们得到控制。
When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver.
当情绪升起时，不要压抑它们，而要留意它们，并试着理解它们想要传达的信息。
建议信号 instead of...pay attention to。情境词 When emotions arise 与题干完全对应，紧跟的 instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver 是明确建议句，instead of（而不是）排除了"压抑"、点出真正主张。
- try to understand the messages they are trying to deliverTry to understand what messages they convey.deliver=convey、句式微调
- B)原词陷阱Pay attention to their possible consequences. 用了 pay attention to（原文确有 pay attention to them），却把宾语偷换成 consequences —— 原文要留意的是情绪本身/其信息，不是后果。
借用原文：pay attention to them
- C)未提及Consider them from different perspectives. 说"从不同角度看待"，录音末段并无"多角度"之说，属听起来不错但原文没有的无中生有。
- D)与原文相反Make sure they are brought under control. 借了全文反复出现的 control，但末段恰恰主张 instead of stifling them —— 不要压制、而要倾听，方向正相反。
借用原文：instead of stifling them
Good morning, class. My topic today is how to feed a hungry world. The world's population is expected to grow from 6.8 billion today to 9.1 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, the world's population more than doubled from 3 billion between 1961 and 2007. Simultaneously, food production has been constrained by a lack of scientific research. Still, the task of feeding the world's population in 2050 seems easily possible.
同学们，早上好。今天我要讲的主题是如何养活一个饥饿的世界。预计世界人口将从目前的68亿增长到2050年的91亿。与此同时，世界人口在1961年至2007年间从30亿增加了一倍多。与此同时，粮食生产又受到科学研究不足的限制。尽管如此，到2050年养活世界人口似乎仍然完全可行。
What is needed is a second green revolution. This is an approach that is described as the sustainable growth of global agriculture. Such a revolution will require a wholesale shift of priorities in agricultural research. There is an urgent need for new crop varieties. They must offer higher yields but use less water, nitrogen-rich fertilizers or other inputs. These new crops must also be more resistant to drought, heat and pests. Equally crucial is lower-tech research into basics such as crop rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms.
我们需要的是第二次绿色革命。这是一种被称为全球农业可持续增长的方式。这样的革命需要彻底改变农业研究的优先事项。人们迫切需要培育新的作物品种。这些品种必须提高产量，同时减少对水、富含氮的肥料或其他投入品的使用。这些新品种还必须更能抵抗干旱、高温和害虫。同样重要的是开展技术含量较低的研究，探讨作物轮作以及小农场中动植物混合养殖等基础问题。
Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern technologies and practices. But that requires money. It is estimated that to meet the 2050 challenge, investment must double to 83 billion US dollars a year. Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure. Everything from production to storage and processing must improve. However, research agendas need to be focused on the needs of the poorest and most resource-limited countries. It is there that most of the world's population lives and it is there the population growth over the next decades will be the greatest.
发展中国家可以通过更好地利用现代技术和生产实践，大幅提高生产率。但这需要资金。据估计，为应对2050年的挑战，投资必须翻一番，达到每年830亿美元。其中大部分资金需要用于改善农业基础设施。从生产到储存和加工的各个环节都必须得到改进。然而，研究议程需要着眼于最贫困且资源最有限国家的需求。世界上大多数人口生活在那里，未来几十年人口增长最为迅速的地方也在那里。
To their credit, the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view. In March, for example, they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations. But these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers.
值得肯定的是，世界各国的农业科学家正在采取这样广泛的视角。例如，今年3月，他们齐聚首届全球农业研究大会，开始研究如何改变研究议程，以帮助满足较贫困国家农民的需求。但是，除非得到政策制定者大力增加的支持，这些计划将不会结出成果。
The growth in public agricultural-research spending peaked in the 1970s and has been shrinking ever since. The big exception is China, where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade. China seems set to transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology to poorer countries. But developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too. Calls by scientists for large increases in the appropriation of funds for public spending on agricultural research are more than justified.
公共农业研究支出的增长在20世纪70年代达到顶峰，此后一直在缩减。中国是一个明显的例外，过去十年中，中国的相关支出已经远远超过其他国家。中国似乎将转型为向较贫困国家提供相关科学技术的主要供应者。但发达国家同样负有提供人道主义援助的责任。科学家们呼吁大幅增加公共农业研究支出的拨款，这一要求完全合理。
What is an urgent need for feeding the world's population in 2050, according to the speaker?
根据说话者所说,到2050年养活世界人口的迫切需求是什么?
- A) 培育新品种作物。
- B) 应对气候变化的措施。
- C) 开发更有效的杀虫剂。
- D) 施用更多富氮肥料。
urgent need 强调信号。题干钩子词在第二段原句 There is an urgent need for new crop varieties 里几乎原样出现,urgent need 这一强调结构直接顶出了答案对象 new crop varieties,这就是答案句信号。
- new crop varietiesCultivation of new varieties of crops同概念换序改写
- B)过度推断录音确实说新品种要 more resistant to drought, heat and pests(抗旱、抗热、抗虫),B 把"抗热"过度引申成 Measures to cope with climate change(应对气候变化),拔高了原文,录音并未把"应对气候变化"列为急需。
借用原文：more resistant to drought, heat and pests
- C)原词陷阱C 的 pesticides(农药)是借录音 more resistant to ... pests 里的 pests(害虫)来诱选,但录音讲的是"新品种本身要抗虫",根本没提"研发更有效的农药",方向相反。
借用原文：more resistant to drought, heat and pests
- D)与原文相反D 直接盗用录音原词 nitrogen-rich fertilizers,但录音说新品种要 use less water, nitrogen-rich fertilizers or other inputs(少用水、少用氮肥),D 却说 Application of more nitrogen-rich fertilizers(施更多氮肥),把"少用"反成了"多用"。
借用原文：use less water, nitrogen-rich fertilizers or other inputs
Where should most of the money be invested to feed the ever-growing population?
为了养活不断增长的人口,大部分资金应该投资在哪里?
- A) 发展中国家的农田扩张。
- B) 发展中国家的轮作研究。
- C) 世界各国农业科学家的合作。
- D) 农业基础设施的改善。
Most of money go towards 直陈投向。第三段原句 Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure 与题干 most of the money 措辞对应,go towards 直接交代了钱的去向,是答案句的明确信号。
- improving agricultural infrastructureThe improvement of agricultural infrastructure动词名词化改写
- A)未提及A 借 Developing nations 这个原词造"发展中国家"的熟悉感,但录音讲的是发展中国家"更好地运用现代技术"来增产,从未提 expansion of farmland(扩大耕地),属无中生有。
借用原文：Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern technologies and practices
- B)原词陷阱B 的 crop rotation 盗自第二段 crop rotation and mixed farming,那是讲"需要低技术研究的基础项",和本题"钱投在哪"无关;B 把跨段细节硬拼成投资对象,答非所问。
借用原文：crop rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms
- C)张冠李戴C 的 cooperation of the world's agricultural scientists 来自第四段 the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view 一带的内容,讲的是科学家联手开会,与本题"钱主要投哪"是两码事,张冠李戴。
借用原文：the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view
Why does the speaker give credit to the world's agricultural scientists?
说话者为什么称赞世界各国的农业科学家?
- A) 因为鼓励农民接受新的耕作技术。
- B) 因为使他们的研究与农业技术进步保持一致。
- C) 因为将他们的重点转向较贫穷国家农民的需求。
- D) 因为与发展中国家的政策制定者密切合作。
To their credit, the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view. In March, for example, they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations.
值得称道的是,全球农业科学家们正在接受这样一种宽阔的视野。比如今年三月,他们齐聚首届全球农业研究大会,着手研究如何调整研究议程,以帮助满足较贫困国家农民的需求。
To their credit 表扬信号引出原因。第四段以 To their credit(值得称道的是)这一肯定信号开头,紧跟 came together at the first Global Conference(齐聚大会)交代了被表扬的具体做法——科学家联手合作,这正是答案理由。
- they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural ResearchThe cooperation of the world's agricultural scientists具体行为概括为合作
- A)未提及A 的 new farming techniques 让人联想第二段讲新品种/新技术,但录音从未说科学家"鼓励农民采纳新技术";被表扬的是科学家联手开会,A 是无中生有的理由。
- B)偷换概念B 盗用录音 change research agendas(调整研究议程)制造熟悉感,但录音说调整议程是"为满足穷国农民需求",B 却说成 aligning their research with advances in farming technology(让研究对齐农业技术进步),偷换了目的。
借用原文：change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations
- D)原词陷阱D 借第四段末 policy-makers 原词诱选,但录音说的是 these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers(除非获得政策制定者更多支持,计划才能见效)——这是"尚缺的条件",而非科学家已做、被表扬的事,方向错位。
借用原文：these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers
What makes China exceptional in comparison with the rest of the world?
与世界其他地区相比,是什么使中国与众不同?
- A) 快速转型成为粮食出口国。
- B) 农业研究方面的大量资金投入。
- C) 迅速崛起成为主要粮食生产国。
- D) 承担人道主义责任。
The big exception is China, where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade.
最大的例外是中国,过去十年里中国的(农业研究)支出远远超过其他国家。
The big exception 例外信号。第五段 The big exception is China 用 exception 与题干 exceptional 直接呼应,紧跟 spending has far surpassed other countries 交代了中国例外之处——研究支出远超他国,这就是答案句。
- spending has far surpassed other countriesSubstantial funding in agricultural research支出远超=大量投入
- A)偷换概念录音讲中国 transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology(转为向穷国供应相关科技),A 把 supplier/transition 误读成 transition to become a food exporter(转为粮食出口国),录音从没说中国成为粮食出口国。
借用原文：transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology to poorer countries
- C)未提及C 的 leading grain producer(领先产粮国)蹭了全篇"粮食/农业"的主题词,但录音讲中国例外是因为研究"支出"远超他国,完全没说中国是产粮大国,无中生有。
- D)张冠李戴D 盗用录音 humanitarian responsibility 原词,但那句是 developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too(发达国家也有人道责任),主语是"发达国家",不是中国;D 把这责任安到中国头上,张冠李戴。
借用原文：developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too
52 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- With me today is Meghan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines.
句子涵盖倒装结构、同位语、定语从句、主系表结构、现在进行时等多种成分和结构，适合练习识别主语在倒装句中的位置、区分同位语与定语从句的作用、分析从句内部的主谓宾结构。易错点包括倒装主语的定位和同位语范围的划分。
- Thanks for having me today.
成分单一（谓语、省略主语、一个状语），可用于入门练习识别省略主语的祈使句和介词短语状语，但成分种类少、无易错点，训练价值有限。
- W: I'm aware of those claims, but they simply aren't true.
"but" 连接的并列转折句在真题中较常见，但本句结构过于简单，两个分句都是基础主系表，缺少真题常考的复杂修饰或从句结构，代表性一般。
- People who haven't read the book are making assumptions about my arguments.
限制性定语从句修饰主语、现在进行时表达正在进行的动作、现在完成时表示对现在的影响，这些都是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式。掌握这类主语带定语从句的结构后，可以迁移到大量类似句子的理解和分析中。
- So they're depicting me as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist determined to force my beliefs on others.
"depict sb as sth" 这一结构在阅读理解和写作中较为常见，属于典型的主谓宾补句型。后置定语修饰名词也是高频句式。掌握此句型有助于理解大量类似表达。
- W: I'd love it if people choose to live as I do.
句子涵盖形式宾语、宾语从句、方式状语从句、不定式作宾语等多种成分，且 "it" 作形式宾语是常见易错点，训练价值较高。
- But my life choices are based on my personal convictions.
"be based on" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频搭配，被动语态的简单句也是常见句式，具有一定的代表性和迁移价值，但句子整体过于简单，缺少从句等复杂结构，典型性中等
- They aren't my recommendations for others who don't share those convictions.
"主系表 + 介词短语 + 限制性定语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构,用于表达限定条件或排除某些对象,学习后可迁移到大量类似句式,代表性较强。
- M: Well, in this excerpt from your book, you argue that meat consumption and private transport are devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public transport.
动词 argue 后接并列宾语从句的结构（argue that... and that...）在议论文、新闻报道、学术写作中高频出现，属于典型的观点引述或论证句式；掌握后可迁移至类似动词（claim、suggest、believe 等）的用法，复用性强。
- W: I did write that.
覆盖主谓宾三个核心成分，可以练习识别助动词强调结构和代词宾语，但成分种类单一（无定状补、无从句、无特殊结构），练习广度有限
- Plus, the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection, which benefits everyone.
"主句 + 非限制性定语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。被动语态、过去将来时、关系代词引导从句都是考试常见考点，句式典型性较高，掌握后可迁移到大量真题句子。
- What do we learn about the woman's new book?
特殊疑问句是四六级听力和考研阅读中的高频句式，尤其是"What do/does/did + 主语 + 动词原形"的提问结构在听力题干和阅读细节题中反复出现。掌握此句型可直接迁移到大量真题场景，典型性较高。
- It has given rise to much controversy.
这种“主语 + 现在完成时谓语 + 固定搭配宾语”的句型很常见，考试和阅读里都经常出现。掌握后可迁移到许多同类句子。
- All too often, people give up at the first hurdle.
简单句结构在真题中常见，但本句的句首频率状语 + 不及物短语动词 + 介词短语状语的组合并非高频考点句式。结构本身有一定代表性（简单句的典型语序），但不属于需要重点掌握的复杂句式（如定语从句、状语从句、强调句等），典型性中等。
- They are usually good at cooperating with people and understanding the needs of others.
主系表结构 + be good at doing 是常见基础句式，在四六级/考研阅读中频繁出现，具有一定代表性。但整句过于简单，缺少复杂修饰或从句，典型性中等偏下。
- There's a prerequisite, that is, you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion.
覆盖主语、谓语、宾语、地点状语、同位语从句、定语从句等多种成分；同位语从句和定语从句的识别是常考易错点；定语从句中关系代词 that 作主语也是重要考点。成分种类丰富，训练价值较高。
- What do successful people attribute their achievements to?
特殊疑问句是四六级和考研阅读理解中的常见句式,attribute A to B 的固定搭配以及疑问词前置的倒装结构也是典型考点,掌握本句结构可迁移到大量同类疑问句的理解中
- What do successful people do when faced with difficulties?
特殊疑问句加时间状语从句的组合是四六级和考研阅读理解中的高频句式;从句中的省略结构(省略主语和 be 动词)也是考试常考语法点;"be faced with" 固定搭配常出现在写作和翻译题中,结构具有很强的代表性
- They adjust their goals accordingly.
覆盖主谓宾状四种基本成分，结构简单但完整；状语"accordingly"位于句末，是常见位置，可作为初学者熟悉状语位置的入门例句，但无复杂修饰或易错点，训练价值有限。
- The truth is that all 1100 bat species can see and often their vision is pretty good, although not as excellent as other night-hunting animals.
句中涵盖主系表结构、表语从句、情态动词谓语、并列谓语、让步状语从句、比较结构、省略主谓等多种成分和结构，成分种类丰富。让步从句的省略和并列分句的主语切换是易错点，适合作为成分划分练习句，训练价值较高。
- For example, Flying Foxes not only see well during daylight, but can also distinguish colors.
not only ... but also 并列结构在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现，是常考句式之一，本句的并列谓语用法和状语配置具有较强的代表性和迁移价值
- When we consider the nightly lifestyle of these bats, we will see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels because this is how they sense when to start hunting.
全句覆盖主谓宾、主系表、时间状语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、表语从句、疑问词加不定式作宾语等多种成分类型和结构,且宾语从句省略连接词 that、疑问词加不定式作宾语都是常见易错点,成分丰富、训练价值高。
- Moreover, vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances, beyond the range of echolocation.
被动语态句 + 不定式目的状语 + 介词短语补充说明，是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。掌握后可迁移到大量科技说明文和学术文本的长句分析中。
- So the truth is, there are no bats which are naturally blind.
本句结构在考试中高度典型:主系表 + 表语从句的框架常见于说明观点或定义类句子,there be 句型是基础必考结构,定语从句修饰名词是阅读理解的高频考点。掌握本句的分析方法可直接迁移到大量类似真题句式。
- Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats.
主系表结构是英语基本句型之一，常见于科普说明和比较句式中，具有一定代表性，但本句过于简短、未涉及常考的从句或复杂修饰，迁移价值有限。
- That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together.
本句覆盖主系表、主谓宾等多种基本句型，涉及表语从句、宾语从句、疑问从句等多种从句充当不同成分，可同时训练系动词后接表语从句、及物动词后接宾语从句、疑问词引导宾语从句等常见易错点，成分划分训练价值较高。
- Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot.
这种"主语 + 情态动词 + 并列动作 + 不定式补足内容"的句式很常见，阅读和写作里都很容易遇到。掌握后可迁移到大量建议类和说明类句子。
- They are far from emotionally prepared.
主系表结构是常见基础句型，但 far from 这种否定意味的介词短语在考试中出现频率不算高；整体结构过于简单，不能代表考试中常见的复杂长句
- While it has long been a practice in Asian countries, many people in Western countries have yet to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule.
"While 从句, 主句" 这种对比或让步状语从句前置的结构，在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现。现在完成时与一般现在时的对比使用、"have yet to" 固定搭配、后置定语修饰主语，都是真题中的典型考点。掌握本句结构后可大量复用到类似句式
- For many in those countries, wiping their shoes before going inside is regarded as sufficient.
动名词短语作主语 + 被动语态是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,且 "regard A as B" 的被动转换也是常考结构,典型性强,掌握后可迁移到大量同类句子
- After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone.
情态动词加 think 引出宾语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现，属于表达观点和推测的典型句式。句首插入语 After all 的用法也常见于议论文和说明文。结构具有较强的代表性和可迁移性。
- But I can give you several good reasons why people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes.
本句涵盖了双宾语结构（give you reasons）、限制性定语从句（why 引导）、时间状语（before going inside their homes），以及情态动词的谓语结构，成分类型丰富。双宾语和定语从句都是容易混淆的考点，适合作为成分划分的练习句。
- And it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors.
"it takes ... to do" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句型，用于表达"做某事需要某条件"，学会此结构可在大量语境中复用，典型性较高。
- The more dirt you track in, the more it scratches and the more often you'd have to clean.
"the more...the more" 递进句式在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现,且本句结合定语从句和并列结构,是典型的复合句式,掌握后可广泛迁移到其他比较和因果递进句型。
- Though many people are accustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours, the more time you spend wearing shoes, the more likely you are to incur foot injuries as a result.
让步状语从句 + 主句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,the more..., the more... 比较句式也是常考句型。本句结构具有很强的代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似长难句。
- Given the amount of time we spend in classrooms, and the number of shoes that pass through them every day, you may well understand me if I were to propose a no-shoes-in-the-classroom rule.
成分种类丰富且包含多个易错点：省略关系代词的定语从句、情态动词谓语、虚拟语气的 were to 结构、多个状语类型(地点、时间、条件)、定语从句中关系代词充当主语。这些都是学生常混淆的成分，作为划分练习能覆盖多个知识点，训练价值高。
- Why don't many Westerners take off shoes before entering a house?
疑问句加时间状语从句（或状语短语）是四六级和考研阅读中常见的句式，尤其"Why + 助动词否定 + 主语 + 谓语"的反问或疑问句型频繁出现。本句结构简洁且典型，掌握后可迁移到大量类似疑问句分析中。
- They are afraid of injuring their feet.
主系表加介词短语状语是常见句式，"be afraid of doing"的固定搭配在四六级、考研阅读中频繁出现，具有一定代表性；但整体结构过于简单，不如含从句或复杂修饰的句子典型。
- They find it rather troublesome to do so.
"find it + 形容词 + to do" 是四六级和考研中非常典型的句型，频繁出现在阅读和翻译题中，掌握此结构对理解复杂句子的宾语补语结构有很强的迁移价值。
- There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional, unless your emotions make you inhuman, insensitive and cruel to others.
"unless" 引导的条件状语从句是考试高频结构,"There be" 存在句和 "make + 宾语 + 宾补" 也是常考句型,整句结构具有很强的代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- So when you deal with the problem of emotions, you should learn not only how to control them but also how to accept them and manage the guilt and anguish arising from them.
这是一个非常典型的考试句式:包含时间状语从句、情态动词加宾语从句、"not only... but also..." 并列结构,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,掌握后可以大量复用到类似复杂句的理解中
- Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a more evolved and rational outer core.
"be made up of" 是四六级和考研阅读中常见的被动结构，表示 "由……组成"，且句中并列名词短语作宾语的用法也较为典型。但整体句式属于基础被动句，没有复杂从句或特殊句式，代表性中等，掌握后可迁移到类似被动表达，但应用场景相对有限。
- As a result, we let disturbing thoughts and emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior.
本句包含使役动词 let 的宾语补足语结构(let sb do sth),宾补部分由两个并列动词短语构成,涉及主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语五种成分,且宾补中的并列结构是学生常混淆的易错点。成分种类较丰富,有一定训练价值,但缺少定语从句、状语从句等更复杂的附加成分,覆盖面尚不够全。
- In times of emotional turmoil, remember that emotions arise because your senses are wired to the primitive part of your mind which is self-regulated, autonomous and spontaneous.
祈使句 + 宾语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 定语从句的组合，是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的复杂句式；被动语态和关系代词引导的定语从句也是标准考点。掌握后可大量迁移到类似长难句。
- When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver.
祈使句 + 时间状语从句 + 定语从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，尤其是建议类、说明类文章中经常出现类似结构。掌握后可复用到同类句式的分析。
- Pay attention to their possible consequences.
涵盖主谓宾三大核心成分，且谓语为固定短语动词 pay attention to，可帮助学习者练习识别多词谓语结构；宾语中包含物主代词和形容词定语，提供了基础的名词短语修饰关系训练；但整体结构过于简单，缺少定语从句、状语成分等进阶训练点，练习价值中等偏下。
- Meanwhile, the world's population more than doubled from 3 billion between 1961 and 2007.
简单句结构在考试中常见，但本句的副词 "more than" 修饰谓语、介词短语作状语的用法较为常规，典型性中等，不算高频难点句式。
- Still, the task of feeding the world's population in 2050 seems easily possible.
涵盖主语、系动词谓语、表语、状语、定语五种成分，主语中包含介词短语作定语的典型后置修饰结构，适合练习如何识别和剥离较长的修饰成分，对巩固主系表结构和定语识别有一定价值
- It is there that most of the world's population lives and it is there the population growth over the next decades will be the greatest.
本句涉及强调句结构的识别，要求学习者区分形式主语、强调框架和实际主谓成分，这是常见易错点。第二个主句的结构较为松散，需要学习者在没有明确"that"引导的情况下找到主语和谓语，具有较好的辨析训练价值。同时涵盖地点状语、介词短语定语等常见成分。
- In March, for example, they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations.
本句体现了考试中常见的简单句扩展模式：主谓核心 + 多层状语修饰 + 不定式表目的。尤其是 "to begin working out how to..." 这种目的状语嵌套宾语从句的结构，在四六级和考研阅读中经常出现，具有较高的典型性和迁移价值。
- But these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers.
主句加条件状语从句的结构在四六级和考研真题中高频出现,"unless" 引导的条件从句也是常考句式,具有较强的典型性和迁移价值。
- The big exception is China, where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade.
主句采用主系表结构,从句使用关系副词 "where" 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰地点名词,这是英语中常见的句式,在四六级和考研阅读中经常出现。现在完成时结合时间状语 "over the past decade" 的用法也是典型的真题句式,掌握后可应用于大量类似句子的理解。
本卷出现的 306 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- agriculturalB2adj. 农业的
- visionB2n. 视力
- behaviorB1n. 行为
- chemicalB1adj. 化学的
- vegetarianB1n. 素食者
- speciesB2n. 物种
- claimB1v. 声称
- cropB1n. 农作物
- taxA2n. 税
- educationalB1adj. 教育的
- ariseB2v. 出现;产生;发生
- primitiveB2adj. 原始的
- dietA2n. 日常饮食
- billionB1num. 十亿（1,000,000,000）
- conflictB2n. 冲突
- harmB1n. 伤害
- transportB1v. 运输，运送
- coreB1n. 核心
- bacteriumB2n. 细菌
- scratchB1v. 抓
- lessA1det. 较少的
- betterA1adj. 更好的（good 的比较级）
- actuallyA2adv. 实际上，事实上（用于纠正或补充信息）
- decadeB1n. 十年
- simplyB1adv. 仅仅，只不过
- growthB1n. 增长
- farmingA2n. 农业;耕作
- creditB1n. 赊购，赊账
- emotionalB1adj. 情绪的
- lifestyleB1n. 生活方式
- passionB2n. 强烈的情感
- spendingA2n. 开支
- removeA2v. 移开
- characterB1n. 性格
- embraceB2v. 拥抱
- radicalB2adj. 根本的
- rationalB2adj. 理性的
- emotionallyB2adv. 在情感上
- plotB1n. （小说、戏剧等的）情节
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- authorA2n. 作者
- benefitB1n. 好处
- focusB1n. 重点
- tendB1v. 倾向于，往往会
- positiveB1adj. 积极的
- globalB2adj. 全球的
- environmentalB1adj. 环境的
- qualityA2n. 质量
- supportA2v. 支持
- lackB1v. 缺少
- beliefB1n. 相信
- cognitiveC1adj. 认知的
- colleagueB1n. 同事
- typeA2n. 类型
- existA2v. 存在;实际上有
- nationB1n. 国家
- identifyB1v. 识别
- responsibilityB1n. 责任
- varietyB1n. 多样化
- mostlyB1adv. 主要地
- productionB1n. 生产
- particularB2adj. 特定的
- responseB1n. 回答
- argumentB1n. 争论
- adoptB1v. 采纳
- protectionB1n. 保护
- generateB2v. 产生，引起（结果、反应等）
- meansA2n. 方法
- awareA2adj. 知道的
- criticB2n. 批评家
- moralB2adj. 道德的
- appropriateB2adj. 合适的
- revolutionB2n. 革命
- distanceA2n. 距离
- visualB2adj. 视觉的
- transitionB2n. 过渡
- toxicB2adj. 有毒的，中毒性的
- preparedA2adj. 准备好的
- strengthB1n. 力量
- developedB1adj. 发达的
- captureB1v. 捕获
- copeB2v. 应对
- mutualB2adj. 相互的
- assumptionB2n. 假定;假设(未经证实就认为是真的事)
- cooperateB2v. 合作
- depictB2v. 描绘
- infrastructureC1n. 基础设施
- producerB2n. 生产者
- urgentB2adj. 紧急的，急迫的
- deteriorateC1v. 恶化，变坏
- ancestorB2n. 祖先，祖宗
- conveyB2v. 传达、表达（信息、思想、感情等）
- fertilizerB2n. 肥料
- obstacleB2n. 障碍物
- outerB1adj. 外部的，外面的
- innerB1adj. 内部的，里面的
- substantialB2adj. 大量的
- aggressiveB2adj. 好斗的
- mechanismB2n. 机制
- optimisticB2adj. 乐观的;抱乐观态度的
- faithB1n. 信任
- preyB2n. 猎物
- distinctiveB2adj. 独特的
- consciousnessC1n. 意识
- constrainC1v. 限制，约束（行动或自由）
- environmentalistB2n. 环保主义者
- genuineB2adj. 真的
- agendaB2n. 议程
- ambitionB2n. 雄心
- authenticB2adj. 真实的
- preschoolB1n. 学前班;幼儿园
- productA2n. 产品
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- impactB2n. 影响
- relationshipB1n. 关系
- accordC1n. （国家、团体间的）协议
- climateB1n. 气候
- viewA2n. 观点，看法
- negativeB1adj. 否定的
- baseA2n. 基础
- findingB2n. 调查结果
- challengeB1n. 挑战
- factorB1n. 因素
- argueB1v. 争论
- scientificB1adj. 科学的
- measureB1v. 测量
- eventA2n. 事件
- mediumB1adj. 中等的
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- gainB1v. 获得;赢得
- effectiveB1adj. 有效的，起作用的
- amountA2n. 数量
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- agricultureB2n. 农业
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- consequenceB2n. 结果
- easilyA2adv. 容易地
- shiftB1v. 移动
- variousB1adj. 各种各样的
- determineB2v. 决定
- peerB2n. 同龄人
- approachB1v. 靠近，接近（在空间或时间上）
- conductB2v. 组织并实施
- productivityB2n. 生产率
- campaignB2n. 运动
- imageA2n. 形象，印象
- consumptionB2n. 消费
- essentialB1adj. 必不可少的
- associateB2v. 联系
- revealB2v. 揭示
- mainlyB1adv. 主要地
- audienceA2n. 观众
- respondB1v. 回答，答复
- relyB1v. 依赖;依靠
- threatB1n. 威胁
- rangeB1n. 范围
- balanceB1n. 平衡
- advanceB1v. 前进
- trackA2n. 小路
- beingB1n. 存在
- damageB1n. 损害
- ignoreB1v. 忽视;不理睬
- investB2v. 投资（金钱、时间等以期获得回报）
- yieldB2v. 产生
- achievementB1n. 成就
- adaptB2v. 适应，适合（新环境、新情况）
- desireB2n. 愿望
- completelyB1adv. 完全地
- effectivelyB2adv. 有效地
- pursueB2v. 追求
- absenceB1n. 缺席
- criticalB2adj. 批评的
- surviveB1v. 幸存
- guidelineB2n. 指导方针
- investmentB1n. 投资
- priorityB2n. 优先事项
- insectA2n. 昆虫
- perspectiveB2n. 观点
- relevantB2adj. 相关的
- deliverB1v. 递送，运送（货物、信件等）
- interactB2v. 相互作用
- characteristicB2n. 特征
- estimateB2v. 估计
- improvementB1n. 改进
- instanceB2n. 例子
- assertC1v. 坚称
- entireB1adj. 整个的
- extraA2adj. 额外的
- motivateB2v. 激励
- firmB1adj. 坚固的
- fundingB2n. 资金
- harmfulB1adj. 有害的
- perceiveB2v. 理解，领悟（某事的性质或意义）
- sustainableB2adj. 可持续的
- acquireB2v. 获得
- advancedB2adj. 先进的
- aidB1n. 帮助
- fundB2n. 资金
- sufficientB2adj. 足够的
- broadB1adj. 宽阔的
- complicatedB2adj. 复杂的
- meanwhileB1adv. 与此同时
- sociallyB1adv. 在社交方面
- closelyB1adv. 紧密地
- commentB1n. 评论
- confidenceB1n. 信心
- proposeB1v. 提议
- transportationB1n. 交通运输（系统）
- strengthenB2v. 加强
- survivalB2n. 幸存
- applicationB1n. 申请
- cooperationB2n. 合作
- evolveB2v. 逐渐发展;进化
- willingB1adj. 愿意的，乐意的
- comparisonB1n. 比较
- intendB1v. 打算，计划
- recommendationB2n. 推荐
- elementB1n. 要素
- intelligentB1adj. 聪明的
- leadingB1adj. 最重要的
- muscleA2n. 肌肉
- techniqueB1n. 技术
- thanksA1intj. 谢谢
- attributeB2n. 属性
- distinguishB2v. 区分
- incorporateB2v. 包含
- relateB1v. 使有联系，把…联系起来
- shrinkB2v. 缩小
- naturallyB1adv. 自然地
- crucialB2adj. 至关重要的
- injuryB1n. （身体）伤害，损伤
- primarilyB2adv. 主要地
- regulateB2v. 管理
- unhealthyB1adj. 有害健康的;不健康的
- acknowledgeB2v. 承认（事实、错误等）
- adjustB2v. 调整
- considerationB2n. 考虑
- overcomeB2v. 克服
- reliableB1adj. 可靠的
- convinceB1v. 说服，使相信
- mereB2adj. 仅仅的
- expansionB2n. 扩张
- facilitateC1v. 促进
- interpretB2v. 解释
- sensitiveB2adj. 敏感的
- autonomousC1adj. 自主的
- cleaningA2n. 清洁
- equallyB1adv. 同样地
- apartmentA2n. 公寓
- assistantA2n. 助手
- consistB2v. 由...组成
- deemC1v. 认为，视为（正式用语）
- neglectB2v. 忽视;疏忽
- huntB1v. 搜寻
- inputB1n. 输入的信息、数据
- peakB1n. 山峰
- physicallyB1adv. 身体上
- recyclingB1n. 回收利用
- elsewhereB1adv. 在别处
- grainB1n. 谷物;粮食
- passionateB2adj. 热情的
- plusA2prep. 加，加上
- processingB1n. 加工;处理
- angerB1n. 愤怒
- headlineB1n. （报纸、网页等的）大标题，头条
- modestB2adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的
- accustomedB2adj. 习惯的;惯常的
- determinedB1adj. 坚决的
- developingB1adj. 发展中的（指国家或地区）
- pestB2n. 害虫
- realisticB2adj. 现实的
- sayingB1n. 谚语
- alignB2v. 使排列成一条直线
- considerablyB2adv. 相当大地
- controversialB2adj. 有争议的
- droughtB2n. 干旱
- endorseC1v. 公开支持、赞同（人或政策）
- offendB2v. 冒犯，得罪（使不快或生气）
- storageB1n. 存储
- denyB1v. 否认
- mentallyB2adv. 精神上
- simultaneouslyB2adv. 同时地
- tacticsB2n. 战术
- transparentB2adj. 透明的，清澈的
- upsetB1adj. 难过的
- wipeA2v. 擦，抹
- allocateB2v. 分配
- bacteriaB2n. 细菌
- devastatingC1adj. 毁灭性的
- exceptionB2n. 例外
- functionalB2adj. 实用的
- furA2n. （动物的）毛皮
- leatherB1n. 皮革
- nurtureC1v. 养育
- pesticideB2n. 杀虫剂
- policymakerC1n. 政策制定者
- poorlyB1adv. 糟糕地
- timberB2n. 木材
- uncoverB2v. 发现，揭露（秘密、真相等）
- comprehendB2v. 理解
- independentlyB2adv. 独立地
- outlineB2n. 概要
- stabilityB2n. 稳定（性）
- unintendedB2adj. 非故意的
- weaknessB1n. 缺点
全卷录音原文 777 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 777 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 37 个 · 约 5%。
- 去重总词数
- 777
- B2 以上难词
- 5%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 73%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 A · 2 B · 3 D · 4 A · 5 D · 6 A · 7 C · 8 B · 9 C · 10 B · 11 B · 12 C · 13 D · 14 B · 15 A · 16 C · 17 D · 18 A · 19 D · 20 C · 21 A · 22 A · 23 D · 24 C · 25 B。答案字母分布为 A 7 · B 6 · C 6 · D 6。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 长对话（2 篇）1–8 题；Section B 听力篇章（2 篇）9–15 题；Section C 讲座/讲话（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 777 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 28%、A2 及以下约 51%、B1 及以下约 73%、B2 及以下约 95%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 37 个、约占 5%。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力出现了哪些英语六级高频词？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力的录音原文出现 306 个英语六级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：would（本卷 9 次，aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会）、agricultural（本卷 9 次，adj. 农业的）、vision（本卷 7 次，n. 视力）、behavior（本卷 6 次，n. 行为）、chemical（本卷 6 次，adj. 化学的）、vegetarian（本卷 6 次，n. 素食者 ）、species（本卷 5 次，n. 物种）、claim（本卷 5 次，v. 声称）。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 1 题：What do we learn about the woman's new book? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It has given rise to much controversy。答案句出自录音「With me today is Meghan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines」（今天和我在一起的是梅根·布朗，一位环保活动家，她那本充满争议的新书《超越回收》正成为头条），靠开场介绍即定性句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（controversial new book ↔ It has given rise to much controversy.）。其余选项：B 项属与原文相反（It has been very favorably received. 说广受好评，与原文 controversial(有争议)方向相反；有争议恰恰意味着评价两极，不等于一致叫好）；C 项属原词陷阱（It was primarily written for vegetarians. 借了后文反复出现的素食话题，但录音从未说这本书「主要写给素食者」；vegetarian 是真听到的词，可这句话原文没说，是典型听到原词就想选）；D 项属原词陷阱（It offends many environmentalists. 用了 environmentalist 这个反复出现的词，但原文说她被人「描绘成」环保活动家，从没说这本书「冒犯了许多环保人士」，属凭原词臆造），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 2 题：What do some critics say about the author of the book? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 2 题是态度观点题，正确答案 B）She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas。答案句出自录音「Critics of your book assert that you're trying to force radical changes on the entire country. Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal」（你这本书的批评者断言，你想把激进的改变强加给整个国家。有人声称你想强迫所有人吃素食、把私人交通工具变成非法），靠Critics assert 转述信号定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（you're trying to force radical changes on the entire country ↔ She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（She neglects people's efforts in animal protection. 提到 animal protection 蹭了动物话题，但批评者从没说她「忽视他人的动保努力」，原文无此评价）；C 项属原词陷阱（She ignores the various benefits of public transport. 用了反复出现的 public transport，但批评者根本没说她「无视公共交通的好处」——恰恰相反，她是支持公共交通的，这是把话题词乱拼成的指控）；D 项属张冠李戴（She insists vegetarians are harming the environment. 用了 vegetarian 和 environment 两个高频词，但批评者说的是她想强迫大家吃素，绝非说「素食者在破坏环境」，意思被拧反了），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 3 题：What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They are modest。答案句出自录音「In my guidelines for saving the environment, I suggest modest changes, like eating vegetarian meals two days a week」（在我那份保护环境的指南里，我建议的是温和的改变，比如每周吃两天素食），靠I suggest+定性词定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（I suggest modest changes ↔ They are modest.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（They are significant. 说重大，与她自述的 modest(温和)程度相反；她特意强调改变不大，significant 正好拧反）；B 项属张冠李戴（They are revolutionary. 革命性，呼应了前文批评者说的 radical，但那是批评者的指控，她本人恰恰否认并改称 modest，把批评口吻当成她的定性就上当了）；C 项属未提及（They are rational. 理性的，听起来像褒义合理，但录音里她用的词是 modest 而非 rational，原文从未称这些改变「理性」），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 4 题：What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It would help to protect the environment。答案句出自录音「But the taxes I suggest aren't that high, less than 3% only. Plus, the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection, which benefits everyone」（但我建议的税率没那么高，只有不到3%。而且，所产生的钱会被用于环境保护，这对每个人都有益），靠Plus 之后补出关键好处定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection ↔ It would help to protect the environment.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（It would generate money for public health. 借了原文 the money generated，但钱的去向是 environmental protection(环保)而非 public health(公共卫生)，把用途偷换了）；C 项属未提及（It would need support from the general public. 听着合理，但她谈加税时只说税率低、钱用于环保，从没说这措施「需要公众支持」，是无中生有）；D 项属张冠李戴（It would force poor people to change their diet. 含 force 和 poor people，但这是主持人质疑时的说法(第9段)，正是她要反驳的，不是她自己对加税的说法，题干问的是她怎么说），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 5 题：What has the woman revealed in her book? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 5 题是主旨题，正确答案 D）What makes people successful。答案句出自录音「She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success」（她声称揭示了人们是如何获得成功的），靠开头点题句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（how people achieve success ↔ What makes people successful.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音确说成功者 they know their strengths when pursuing a goal，A 把 strengths 单拎出来问 "strengths 从哪来"，但 "strengths 的来源" 录音根本没讲，且它只是众多特征之一，不是全书主旨）；B 项属未提及（B 问 "为什么很多人拼命追求成功"（原因），但全篇谈的是成功者 "有哪些共同特征"，从未讨论 "人为何要拼命求成功" 这个动机问题，属无中生有）；C 项属张冠李戴（C 说 "她（作者）如何实现人生目标"，但录音里这位女士是在 "揭示别人成功的规律"，谈的是 people / successful people，不是讲她自己的成功经历，主语张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 6 题：What do successful people attribute their achievements to? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Having someone who has confidence in them。答案句出自录音「They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them」（他们把成功归功于生命中有一个相信他们的人），靠归因信号 credit...to定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（someone in their life who believes in them ↔ Having someone who has confidence in them.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（B "有人随时愿帮他们" 与 A 仅差核心词。录音说的是 someone who believes in them（相信），不是 "愿意帮忙"。"愿帮忙" 是后文 people will be willing to help them 才提到、且属另一道题的内容，搬到这里就答非所问）；C 项属偷换概念（C "对自身能力有坚定信念" 把主语换成了 "自己"，而录音明确是 someone...who believes in them——是 "别人相信他"，主语方向相反）；D 项属未提及（D "对生活持现实态度" 在整段归因表述里完全没出现，录音只说归功于 "有人相信他们"，与 "现实态度" 无关，属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 7 题：What do successful people do when faced with difficulties? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They stay positive。答案句出自录音「Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals」（成功者也很乐观，因为在意识到那些会阻碍我们达成目标的障碍的同时，保持积极是很重要的），靠困难词 obstacles 附近的描述定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（stay positive ↔ They stay positive.；Successful people are also optimistic ↔ stay positive）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（A "相应调整目标"，但录音第 5 段说成功者 don't see obstacles as something that prevents success, but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome——是 "克服障碍" 而非 "改目标"，方向相反）；B 项属偷换概念（B "努力让自己显得乐观"，录音确说 optimistic、stay positive，但那是 "真的保持积极"，不是 "appear（装作）乐观"，selflessly 加了一个 "装样子" 的意思，曲解原意）；D 项属偷换概念（D "remain calm（保持冷静）" 与 C "stay positive（保持积极）" 极易混，但录音说的是 positive / optimistic（积极乐观），从未说 calm（冷静），用近义词偷梁换柱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 8 题：What is one prerequisite for passion at work according to the woman? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 B）A nurturing environment。答案句出自录音「There's a prerequisite, that is, you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion」（有一个前提条件，那就是，你必须在一个能培育激情的环境里工作），靠明示信号 prerequisite + have to定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（an environment that nurtures passion ↔ A nurturing environment.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A "an understanding leadership"，前提句只讲 "培育激情的环境"，全程未提 "领导"；understanding 一词倒是在别处 understanding the needs of others 出现过、但那是讲 "理解他人需求" 的合作，与领导无关）；C 项属原词陷阱（C "同事间相互尊重"，mutual respect 确在录音 this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect 出现过，但那是讲合作 "带来" 的结果、且属第 6-7 题语境，不是 "激情的前提"，搬来此处答非所问）；D 项属张冠李戴（D "highly cooperative teammates"，录音确说成功者 good at cooperating with people，但那是讲成功者自身的合作能力，不是 "激情的前提"；把合作内容嫁接到前提题上属张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 9 题：What do we learn about mega bats? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They have big eyes and distinctive visual centers。答案句出自录音「These species have distinctive visual centers and big eyes」（这些物种拥有发达独特的视觉中枢和大眼睛），靠对象+特征的直陈句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（distinctive visual centers and big eyes ↔ big eyes and distinctive visual centers）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（录音说 mega bats 是 They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.，靠视觉和嗅觉捕食；A 把别处提到的 sense of hearing 安到 mega bats 头上，且 mega 用的根本不是听觉）；B 项属原词陷阱（录音确实念到 eat fruits, flowers, and sometimes small animals or fish，B 盗用了 small animals and fish 这几个原词，但只截取了一部分（漏了 fruits, flowers）、把偶尔吃说成主食，是以偏概全的原词陷阱）；D 项属与原文相反（录音说两类蝙蝠 both from a common ancestor，是共同祖先；D 称 mega 的祖先与 micro 不同，正好与原文相反，是把同变成了不同），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 10 题：How do micro bats find their way and identify food? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 B）By means of echolocation。答案句出自录音「These species use echolocation to find their way and identify food」（这些物种利用回声定位来找路和辨别食物），靠方式动词use直陈手段定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（use echolocation ↔ By means of echolocation）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音 moonlight 出现在讲 mega bats 的 cannot fly during the night with no moonlight，是说没月光就飞不了，既不是 micro bats、又是个否定语境；A 盗 moonlight 这个原词答非所问）；C 项属张冠李戴（daylight vision 是录音描述 mega bats（Flying Foxes）的 rely on their daylight vision，C 把 mega 的本领安到 micro bats 的找路方式上，张冠李戴）；D 项属张冠李戴（vision and smell 出自 mega bats 的 They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.，是 mega 的捕食手段；D 把这套手段挪给 micro bats 找路，盗原词又张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 11 题：Why do some species of bats use their sense of hearing more than their eyes? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 11 题是细节题，正确答案 B）To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle。答案句出自录音「Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle, but their eyes are still functional」（有些物种更多地依赖听觉而非眼睛，这是对某种特定生活方式的一种适应，但它们的眼睛依然是有功能的），靠as a matter of点出原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle ↔ To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音末段明确 there are no bats which are naturally blind、眼睛仍 functional；A 称要弥补天生没视力，与原文 naturally blind 的否定恰好相反）；C 项属原词陷阱（long distances 出自第三段 vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances，说的是视觉的用途；C 盗这个原词来回答更依赖听觉的原因，答非所问）；D 项属未提及（录音从未把更依赖听觉归因于应对天气，weather 一词全篇没出现；D 是凭空添加的原因，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 12 题：What does the passage say about children watching educational programs? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They become more emotionally aggressive。答案句出自录音「Children who spend more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children」（花更多时间看教育类节目的孩子，会增加他们对其他孩子的情绪攻击性），靠话题词定位 + 反预期的负面定性定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（increase their emotional aggression toward other children ↔ become more emotionally aggressive）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音确实反复说 educational、added lesson，They acquire knowledge not found in books. 顺势编出"学到书本外的知识"，但 learn the educational lesson that was intended 说的是"学到了节目本意要教的内容"，并非"书本里没有的知识"，属听到 lesson 就想选的原词陷阱）；B 项属未提及（They learn how to interact with their peers."学会与同伴相处"听起来很像教育节目的好处，但录音通篇讲的是孩子对其他孩子"increase emotional aggression"，恰恰是相处变差，从未说学会良性互动，属未提及）；D 项属过度推断（They get much better prepared for school. 与录音 learn to watch the show for those messages 的方向无关，录音从没说看节目让孩子"更适应学校"；它借"教育"联想到"上学"，是凭常识推过头的正向结论），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 13 题：Why can't preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They lack the cognitive and memory skills。答案句出自录音「That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that. These are still developing in young children」（那是因为这要求他们理解节目所有部分如何拼接在一起。要做到这点，你需要相当复杂的认知能力和记忆能力。而这些能力在幼儿身上还在发育之中），靠因果信号 That's because 直接领出原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills ↔ They lack the cognitive and memory skills.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音里 emotional 多次出现（emotional aggression、emotionally aggressive tactics），They are far from emotionally prepared. 借这个 emotionally 编出"情绪上远未准备好"，但录音解释孩子领会不了寓意，归因的是认知记忆能力，而非情绪准备，属听到 emotionally 就想选的原词陷阱）；B 项属未提及（They tend to be more attracted by images."更易被画面吸引"是关于幼儿看电视的常识印象，但录音解释"领会不了寓意"时根本没提画面或图像，属未提及）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音确有 the portrayal of conflict in media 与角色间冲突的描述，They can't follow the conflicts in the show. 借 conflict 编出"跟不上剧中冲突"；但录音说孩子缺的是把"all the parts fit together"整体串联的能力，不是单看不懂冲突这一点，属原词陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 14 题：What does the passage suggest parents do? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Help their children understand the program's plot。答案句出自录音「Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot」（父母反而应该和孩子一起看，并帮助他们理解剧情），靠建议信号 should + 转折 instead定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（help them to understand the plot ↔ Help their children understand the program's plot.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音 program/programs 多次出现，Choose appropriate programs for their children. 借此编出"为孩子挑合适的节目"，但录音的建议是陪看并帮孩子理解，从没说"挑选节目"，属听到 programs 就想选的原词陷阱）；C 项属原词陷阱（Outline the program's plot for their children first. 借录音里的 plot 编出"先给孩子概述情节"，但录音说的是"帮孩子理解情节（help them understand the plot）"，是陪着理解，而非父母先单方面 outline，属原词陷阱加偷换概念）；D 项属与原文相反（Monitor their children's watching of TV programs."监督孩子看电视"听着像合理建议，但录音明说 parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing——反对单纯管控，主张陪看引导。D 取的恰是录音否定掉的方向，属与原文相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 15 题：What should parents do right after watching the TV program? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 15 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Explain its message to their children。答案句出自录音「Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end」（父母可以在观看过程中随时点评，然后在结尾时解释其寓意），靠时间对照 along the way 对 at the end定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（explain the message at the end ↔ Explain its message to their children.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（Check if their children have enjoyed it."看孩子是否喜欢"是看完节目后家长常做的常识动作，但录音讲看完后是"explain the message（解释寓意）"，从未提"问喜不喜欢"，属未提及）；C 项属偷换概念（Encourage their children to retell the story. 与录音相近的是"看完后做点什么"，但录音的动作是父母"explain the message（解释寓意）"，是父母讲给孩子，不是"鼓励孩子复述"，主语和动作都被偷换，属偷换概念）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音结尾说父母要 explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate（解释某些行为为何不当），Ask their children to describe its characters. 借"行为/角色"的联想编出"让孩子描述角色"，但录音是父母讲解行为是否得当，不是让孩子描述人物，属原词陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 16 题：Why don't many Westerners take off shoes before entering a house? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They believe a little dirt harms no one。答案句出自录音「For many in those countries, wiping their shoes before going inside is regarded as sufficient. After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone」（对那些国家的许多人来说，进门前把鞋蹭一蹭就算够了。毕竟，他们也许觉得一点脏东西伤不了谁），靠After all 引出真实想法定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone ↔ a little dirt harms no one）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（They are afraid of injuring their feet. 盗用了原文 incur foot injuries 这个 "脚受伤" 的字眼，但原文那句是说 "穿鞋越久越容易伤脚"，是赤脚有益的论据，根本不是 "西方人不脱鞋的原因"，属听到 "伤脚" 就误选）；B 项（They have never developed the habit. 听上去合理，但原文只说脱鞋 has long been a practice in Asian countries、西方人 have yet to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule，是在陈述 "做不做" 的现状，从未把 "没养成习惯" 点为他们不脱鞋的原因，属原文未明说的推断）；D 项（They find it rather troublesome to do so. 在原文里找不到对应——说话人只说他们觉得蹭蹭鞋 is regarded as sufficient（就够了），从没说他们 "嫌脱鞋麻烦"，这是凭生活常识脑补出来的，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 17 题：What is the finding of one study by researchers at an American university? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 D）A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe。答案句出自录音「In one study conducted at an American university, researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear. They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe」（在美国一所大学开展的一项研究中，研究人员从鞋上采集了微观细菌。他们发现，一只鞋的外侧最多可聚集多达 42.1 万个单位的细菌），靠They found 引出研究结论定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe ↔ A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe）。其余选项：A 项（Different types of bacteria existed on public-toilet floors. 盗用原文 public toilet floors 这个原词，但那句 They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks, public toilet floors and even office carpets 是泛说 "细菌哪里都有"，并非那项研究的发现；且 "不同种类的细菌" 原文也没提，属张冠李戴加无中生有）；B 项（There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home. 盗用 sidewalks 一词，但原文只把人行道与公厕、办公室地毯并列说 "都会沾菌"，从没拿 "人行道" 和 "家中" 作 more…than 的比较，这个比较是凭空加上去的）；C 项（Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere. 盗用原文 office carpets，但原文只把办公室地毯当作 "也会沾菌" 的并列地点之一，还用 even 表示 "连地毯都沾"，绝没有说它 "比别处收集得多"，属偷换为最高级/比较级），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 18 题：What is the final reason the speaker gives for removing shoes before entering a house? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 A）The chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality。答案句出自录音「And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments, I can give one final reason. The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home」（如果有人还没被我的论据说服，我可以再给出最后一个理由。你通过鞋子带进家里的灰尘和有毒化学物质，会让家中的空气质量变差），靠one final reason 标志收尾理由定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality ↔ The chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality）。其余选项：B 项（Shoes can upset family members with their noise. 盗用第 2 段 removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do 里的 "noisy/噪音" 概念，但原文那是说为楼下邻居着想，针对的是 downstairs neighbors 而非 family members，且它出现在中间、不是 "最后一个" 理由，属张冠李戴加位置错位）；C 项属未提及（The marks left by shoes are hard to erase. 盗用第 2 段 leave marks and scratches on floors 的 "marks"，但原文只说鞋会留下痕迹划痕、会损伤地板，从没说这些痕迹 "难以清除"，"hard to erase" 是脑补；而且这属第 2 段的地板理由，不是最后理由）；D 项（Shoes can leave scratches on the floor. 几乎照搬第 2 段原词 leave marks and scratches on floors，内容原文确实说了，但它是中间列举的地板理由之一，不是题目要的 "one final reason"，属答非所问的原词陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 19 题：What does the speaker say about hiding one's emotions? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 19 题是态度观点题，正确答案 D）It is a violation of faith and trust。答案句出自录音「Socially, it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions, but morally it is also a breach of faith and trust」（在社交上，隐藏真实情绪也许是个不错的策略，但在道德上，它也是一种对信任的背弃），靠转折 but + morally 后才是真意定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a breach of faith and trust ↔ a violation of faith and trust）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（It is sinful and immoral. 借用了第二段 There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional 里的原词，但那是在说"有情绪本身"并不可耻，且原文用的是 nothing... 的否定，与"隐藏情绪"无关）；B 项属未提及（It is deemed uncivilized. 说"被视为不文明"，但录音通篇没把隐藏情绪定性为"不文明"，属凭常识臆测的无中生有）；C 项属张冠李戴（It is an uncontrollable behavior. 的"控制"主题来自第二、三段讲情绪如何被理性脑调控，与"隐藏情绪是何性质"无关，且原文从未说隐藏情绪"无法控制"），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 20 题：What should we do first in dealing with emotions? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 20 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Accept them as normal。答案句出自录音「One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human」（处理愤怒或恐惧这类情绪的第一步，是承认它们是正常的、属于人之常情的），靠首步标志 one of the first steps定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（to acknowledge them as normal and human ↔ Accept them as normal.）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（Assess their consequences. 中的"后果"虽与第二段 more devastating and damaging 的语气沾边，但原文从未把"评估后果"列为第一步，是借语气制造的答非所问）；B 项属与原文相反（Guard against their harm. 主张"提防情绪的危害"，但本段恰恰说"有情绪没什么可耻"、要接纳，立场相反，并非要防备情绪）；D 项属未提及（Find out their causes. 说找出情绪的成因，录音里并未把"找原因"列为处理情绪的第一步，属凭常识联想的无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 21 题：What are we advised to do when emotions arise? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 21 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Try to understand what messages they convey。答案句出自录音「When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver」（当情绪升起时，不要压抑它们，而要留意它们，并试着理解它们想要传达的信息），靠建议信号 instead of...pay attention to定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver ↔ Try to understand what messages they convey.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（Pay attention to their possible consequences. 用了 pay attention to（原文确有 pay attention to them），却把宾语偷换成 consequences —— 原文要留意的是情绪本身/其信息，不是后果）；C 项属未提及（Consider them from different perspectives. 说"从不同角度看待"，录音末段并无"多角度"之说，属听起来不错但原文没有的无中生有）；D 项属与原文相反（Make sure they are brought under control. 借了全文反复出现的 control，但末段恰恰主张 instead of stifling them —— 不要压制、而要倾听，方向正相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 22 题：What is an urgent need for feeding the world's population in 2050, according to the speaker? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 22 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Cultivation of new varieties of crops。答案句出自录音「There is an urgent need for new crop varieties」（迫切需要新的作物品种），靠urgent need 强调信号定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（new crop varieties ↔ Cultivation of new varieties of crops）。其余选项：B 项属过度推断（录音确实说新品种要 more resistant to drought, heat and pests(抗旱、抗热、抗虫),B 把"抗热"过度引申成 Measures to cope with climate change(应对气候变化),拔高了原文,录音并未把"应对气候变化"列为急需）；C 项属原词陷阱（C 的 pesticides(农药)是借录音 more resistant to ... pests 里的 pests(害虫)来诱选,但录音讲的是"新品种本身要抗虫",根本没提"研发更有效的农药",方向相反）；D 项属与原文相反（D 直接盗用录音原词 nitrogen-rich fertilizers,但录音说新品种要 use less water, nitrogen-rich fertilizers or other inputs(少用水、少用氮肥),D 却说 Application of more nitrogen-rich fertilizers(施更多氮肥),把"少用"反成了"多用"），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 23 题：Where should most of the money be invested to feed the ever-growing population? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 D）The improvement of agricultural infrastructure。答案句出自录音「Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure」（那笔钱的大部分需要用于改善农业基础设施），靠Most of money go towards 直陈投向定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（improving agricultural infrastructure ↔ The improvement of agricultural infrastructure）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（A 借 Developing nations 这个原词造"发展中国家"的熟悉感,但录音讲的是发展中国家"更好地运用现代技术"来增产,从未提 expansion of farmland(扩大耕地),属无中生有）；B 项属原词陷阱（B 的 crop rotation 盗自第二段 crop rotation and mixed farming,那是讲"需要低技术研究的基础项",和本题"钱投在哪"无关;B 把跨段细节硬拼成投资对象,答非所问）；C 项属张冠李戴（C 的 cooperation of the world's agricultural scientists 来自第四段 the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view 一带的内容,讲的是科学家联手开会,与本题"钱主要投哪"是两码事,张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 24 题：Why does the speaker give credit to the world's agricultural scientists? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 C）For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries。答案句出自录音「To their credit, the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view. In March, for example, they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations」（值得称道的是,全球农业科学家们正在接受这样一种宽阔的视野。比如今年三月,他们齐聚首届全球农业研究大会,着手研究如何调整研究议程,以帮助满足较贫困国家农民的需求），靠To their credit 表扬信号引出原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research ↔ The cooperation of the world's agricultural scientists）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（A 的 new farming techniques 让人联想第二段讲新品种/新技术,但录音从未说科学家"鼓励农民采纳新技术";被表扬的是科学家联手开会,A 是无中生有的理由）；B 项属偷换概念（B 盗用录音 change research agendas(调整研究议程)制造熟悉感,但录音说调整议程是"为满足穷国农民需求",B 却说成 aligning their research with advances in farming technology(让研究对齐农业技术进步),偷换了目的）；D 项属原词陷阱（D 借第四段末 policy-makers 原词诱选,但录音说的是 these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers(除非获得政策制定者更多支持,计划才能见效)——这是"尚缺的条件",而非科学家已做、被表扬的事,方向错位），均可排除。
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 25 题：What makes China exceptional in comparison with the rest of the world? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2021年12月第2套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Substantial funding in agricultural research。答案句出自录音「The big exception is China, where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade」（最大的例外是中国,过去十年里中国的(农业研究)支出远远超过其他国家），靠The big exception 例外信号定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（spending has far surpassed other countries ↔ Substantial funding in agricultural research）。其余选项：A 项属偷换概念（录音讲中国 transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology(转为向穷国供应相关科技),A 把 supplier/transition 误读成 transition to become a food exporter(转为粮食出口国),录音从没说中国成为粮食出口国）；C 项属未提及（C 的 leading grain producer(领先产粮国)蹭了全篇"粮食/农业"的主题词,但录音讲中国例外是因为研究"支出"远超他国,完全没说中国是产粮大国,无中生有）；D 项属张冠李戴（D 盗用录音 humanitarian responsibility 原词,但那句是 developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too(发达国家也有人道责任),主语是"发达国家",不是中国;D 把这责任安到中国头上,张冠李戴），均可排除。