2024年6月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the passage say about infants learning the category "dog" if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only? 以 What does the passage say about... 起手，要求复述原文事实，没有 infer/suggest 等推断信号。

Q51 是 What 引导的特殊疑问句，主干 What does the passage say about infants learning the category "dog"，其中 learning the category "dog" 是 v-ing 短语做 infants 的后置定语；末尾 if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only 是条件状语从句，被动语态 are exposed to 意为“只接触到”，是理解前提。

• A)✓ 正确
  • struggle to learn the category "dog"↔encounter some degree of difficulty

  预判“会有学习困难”与 encounter some degree of difficulty 在语义上严格对应，无需推断，直接锁定 A。

• B)无中生有

  They will try to categorise other objects first 在 P2 找不到任何对应——原文只说他们 struggle to learn“狗”，未说他们会先去分类别的东西。

• C)偷换概念

  They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species 把原文“只接触到吉娃娃”曲解为“偏好吉娃娃”——原文谈的是输入受限导致学习困难，与个人偏好无关。

• D)张冠李戴

  They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions 把第 1 段“在多变条件下练习”的概念硬塞到婴儿身上——原文中婴儿并不会主动 imagine，“in various conditions”是上一段网球训练的语境。

What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability? 用 say about 句式问 Raviv 对四种 variability 的明确表述，是事实复述而非推断。

Q52 主干 What does Raviv say，介词短语 about the four different kinds of variability 限定话题范围；句中 the four different kinds of 含定冠词 the，提示原文已先有这“四种”的提及。

• A)偷换概念

  Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed 把原文的 most effective for learning（对学习最有效）偷换为 most relevant to the task at hand（对手头任务最相关）——relevant to the task 是第 6 段的话题，不是第 5 段 Raviv 引语的内容。

• B)答非所问

  Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood 是关于“机制为何”的论断，不是 Raviv 在第 5 段就四种 variability 所说的话；况且第 7–9 段恰恰给出了三种 theory，“远未被理解”与原文也不符。

• C)过度推断

  Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery 把原文 These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared 的事实（“未被比较”）扭曲成“为何未被比较仍是谜”——原文从未说“为何未被比较”是个谜。

• D)✓ 正确
  • we currently don't know which is most effective for learning↔Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified
  • most effective for learning↔most conducive to learning

  无论是“目前不知→尚待确认”的含蓄否定，还是“最有效→最有助益”的形容词替换，都精准落在 D 项措辞上，锁定 D。

How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills? 问“某个理论怎么解释”，要求复述原文中三个理论之一的具体内容，仍属细节题。

Q53 How 引导特殊疑问，主干 How does one of the theories explain the importance，of 短语 of variability for learning new skills 限定 importance，并不影响理解。注意 one of the theories 用单数动词 explain，提示只问其中一个理论。

• A)与原文相反

  Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world 把 variability will represent the real world better, including atypical examples 颠倒——原文是“多变训练能更好地代表真实世界（包含非典型例子）”，并非“学习者把多变训练视为典型”。

• B)✓ 正确
  • learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories↔Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories
  • when training is variable↔receiving variable training

  条件状语从句→v-ing 定语、被动词组→被动词组、动词短语→动词短语三层替换齐全，正确项 B 与定位句构成一对一映射。

• C)偷换概念

  Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant 把 more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not 偷换主语——原文是“多变输入会突显相关/不相关方面”，并非“学习者主动关注/忽略”。

• D)与原文相反

  Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones 把 practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills 的意思颠倒——原文是“练习看似无关的技能也能助益”，选项却说“专注相关技能而不浪费在无关技能上”，恰恰相反。

What does the passage say about face recognition? 仍是 What does the passage say about 句式，问原文如何陈述 face recognition 这一事实。

Q54 结构与第 51 题同款，主干 What does the passage say about face recognition? 无从句无否定，平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces 给“小社区”贴上“易记熟人脸”的标签，但 Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory 恰恰说“接触少→记忆减弱”，与 A 的方向相反；且原文没区分 familiar faces。

• B)张冠李戴

  Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives 把“variability 影响每一方面”安到 face recognition 头上——原文 Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life 的主语是 variability，不是 face recognition。

• C)过度推断

  People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces 用 any individual faces 把原文中性的“识别能力受影响”夸大为“能轻松识别任何个人面孔”，是绝对化推断。

• D)✓ 正确
  • face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community↔The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability

  D 既保留了“社区规模→识别能力”的因果，也保留了“人群”层面的中性陈述，没有像 A/C 那样把因果方向具体化、特例化，最贴近原文。

What does Raviv hope to do with their research work? 问 Raviv 对其研究的具体期望，要求复述原文具体表述，不需推断。

Q55 主干 What does Raviv hope to do，with 短语 with their research work 是状语，说明 do 的对象是 research work。their 在此泛指研究团队，非语法陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill 是 more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not 中第 1 个理论的措辞，并非 Raviv 在末段表达的研究愿景。

• B)答非所问

  Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education 取自 practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills 的 Mr. Miyagi 原则，也并非 Raviv 末段表达的愿景。

• C)✓ 正确
  • spark people's curiosity↔Arouse people's interest in variability
  • generate more work on the topic↔stimulate more research on the topic

  C 把原文两个并列愿望 spark...curiosity 与 generate...work 都同义改写并对齐，没有遗漏其中任何一个，符合“并列动作全保留”原则。

• D)过度推断

  Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system 把 Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system? 这一开放性问题当成 Raviv 的具体计划——原文是疑问句、是抛出问题，并非“打算应用到免疫系统”。