2007年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

题干 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? 是问哪一项可能出现在测试中，要求与原文细节一一比对，是典型细节题。

Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? 是一般疑问结构，主语是 Which of the following，谓语 may be required 为被动加情态动词，in an intelligence test 是地点状语。难点只在 may 表 "可能存在"，不要把 may 当 "被允许"。

• A)偷换概念

  What's the difference between love and fondness? 是作者举的反讽例子——质疑 IQ 测试者却被问这种哲学问题，并非测试本身的任务。

• B)偷换概念

  原文测试是 envision paper after it has been folded and cut——"想象纸折剪后的样子"，重点是 envision（脑内想象），不是 Folding or cutting paper into different shapes（动手折剪）。

• C)偷换概念

  Telling the differences between certain concepts 来自作者举的反例问题 What's the difference between love and fondness?，性质与 A 相同——是被作者拿来质疑 IQ 测试的题外问题，不是测试任务。

• D)✓ 正确
  • to complete verbal and visual analogies↔Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones

  四项中只有 D 把 verbal and visual analogies 翻译成 "在词与图中选相似项"，与定位句枚举的第一项严丝合缝。

题干 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? 显含 inferred，是推断题的标准句式。

What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? 主干是 What can be inferred，about intelligence testing 与 from Paragraph 3 是两个并列介宾，分别指明 "推断对象" 和 "信息来源"。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be 只说 "测试频率降低"，并未否定 IQ 作为指标；no longer use IQ scores 把 "频率减少" 偷换成 "不再使用"。

• B)无中生有

  variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web 说 IQ 测试的变体散见于书店与网上，并未说 "网上有更多版本可用"——B 项把客观陈述偷换成 "more" 的数量比较。

• C)✓ 正确
  • both come in adult and children's version↔The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different

  段内只有 adult and children's version 能支持选项之一的推断，且 may be different 的弱化措辞与推断题的 "一步逻辑" 强度匹配。

• D)无中生有

  "科学家已定义智力的重要要素" 属于结论性陈述，第 3 段并未提及；该话题在 How much of intelligence can be specified 时还停留在设问阶段，并未给出 "已定义" 的结论。

题干 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because____ 用 because 引出原因，答案就是原文对这一现象的字面解释，属于细节题。

People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because____ 主干 People can no longer achieve IQ scores，as high as vos Savant's 是比较状语（省略了重复的 achieved by），because 引导原因状语，选项是它的延续。要注意 as...as 比较的对象是 "分数" 而非 "人"。

• A)✓ 正确
  • scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100↔the scores are obtained through different computational procedures

  四项中只有 A 抓住了 "算法变了" 这一原文原因；其余三项都偏离 because 后那段事实。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文 fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 说创造力是 Sternberg 在第 4 段指出测试缺失的能力，并未说 "现在强调创造力而非分析力"。

• C)无中生有

  原文从未把分数低归因于 "vos Savant 个案极端不再重复"——超高分的不可能来自计分方式的改变，而非个案稀缺。

• D)偷换概念

  原文变化的是 scoring（计分方式），不是 defining characteristic（定义性特征）；D 把 "算法变了" 偷换为 "IQ 测试的本质特征变了"。

题干 We can conclude from the last paragraph that____ 用 conclude，要求基于段意作合理总结，本质是段落级推断题。

We can conclude from the last paragraph that____ 主干 We can conclude that..., from the last paragraph 是信息来源状语，that 后接宾语从句即选项。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life↔test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
  • IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change↔test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability

  末段四处负向表述全部指向 "测试分数不可靠"，A 项是唯一能同时覆盖这四处的概括。

• B)过度推断

  Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests 只说 SAT/GRE 抓住了 IQ 测试的主要方面，并未说两者 "高度相关"。

• C)以偏概全

  knowing when to guess or what questions to skip 是举 SAT 应试技巧的两个例子，并非说 "考试涉及大量猜测"——guesswork 被夸大成测试本身的属性。

• D)过度推断

  末段只指出传统测试的局限性，并未做出 "过时（out of date）" 这一时代性判断；作者只是说有缺陷，不等于淘汰。

题干 What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests? 直问态度，是典型态度题。

What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests? 是 What 引导的特殊疑问句，主干 the author's attitude is what，towards IQ tests 是介词短语作 attitude 的后置定语，限定态度对象。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  Supportive 是正向态度，与全文反复指出 IQ 测试缺陷的负向方向相反；作者从首段反问到末段引专家批评，未在任何处给出明确的支持性评价。

• B)✓ 正确
  • It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.↔Skeptical
  • Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life↔Skeptical

  Skeptical 准确捕捉了 "质疑但不全盘否定" 的中等强度负向态度，与全文 "反复点缺陷却仍保留余地" 的语言风格匹配。

• C)偷换概念

  Impartial 意为 "客观中立、不偏不倚"，但作者反复使用反问与负向评价（not obvious、more than a score、fail to measure、do not necessarily predict），明显偏向负面，并非中立。

• D)过度推断

  Biased 含 "带有成见、片面" 的贬义，强度远超 skeptical；作者仅以反问与例证表怀疑，并未以激烈措辞推翻 IQ 测试，故未达 biased 的强度。