2020年9月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve? 问的是一个文章中已陈述的客观原因，不含 infer / imply / suggest，属于细节题。

题干 Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve? 是标准 Why 一般疑问句，主语 the obesity problem in Britain，谓语 is，表语 so difficult to solve——so...to do 这里是 "如此...以至于难以" 的程度结构，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  Government health budgets are depleted 引自 depleted health budgets of an obese population，原文把 depleted budgets 列为肥胖造成的 "代价"（No one disputes the costs），不是问题难解的原因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the quest for solutions gets diverted by ideological arguments around responsibility and choice↔People disagree as to who should do what

  B 项把定位句中 "意识形态争论 + 责任与选择" 改写为 "人们在 谁做什么 上意见不一"，正是定位句两层原因之一的同义还原，且不超出定位句范围。

• C)无中生有

  Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilities 文中并无此意——P1 谈的是 "关于谁负责的争论"，并未给个人是否 ready 下结论，且 "个人不愿担责" 在末段 P5 反而被作者反驳为伪命题。

• D)偷换概念

  Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods 把原文 the water is muddied by lobbying——游说让政策讨论混乱——偷换成 "游说让人难以买到健康食品"，对象与机制全错。

题干 What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies? 询问从历史经验得出的客观启示，原文有直陈句承担答案，不需要推理。

题干 What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies?：主干为 "What can we learn"，from 引出来源，in tackling... 是 the past experience 的修饰成分（动名词短语作后置定语），无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison↔Governments have a role to play

  A 项 Governments have a role to play 抓住定位句的核心断言 "政治（政府）能克服行业阻力"，并以更稳健的措辞表达，预判直接对应。

• B)偷换概念

  Public health is a scientific issue 用了原文出现过的 science 一词，但定位句说的是 "科学与政治共同克服阻力"，并未把 public health 定性为一个 scientific issue。

• C)以偏概全

  Priority should be given to deprived areas 借自 The best results were among younger children and in more deprived areas，但那只是 Leeds 案例的结果描述，不是 "past experience" 给出的可迁移结论。

• D)与原文相反

  Businesses' responsibility should be stressed 与原文 overcome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison 关系相反——原文是 "克服企业阻力"，不是 "强调企业责任"；末段才提及 private sector 需监管激励。

题干 What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks? 含 imply，作者并未直陈，需要从原文的言外之意推一步。

题干 What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks?：主干 "What does the author imply"，about 引出 imply 的对象 some critics of bans and taxes；concerning 等价于 about，是该角色短语的后置修饰，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  They are not aware of the consequences of obesity 文中无据——首段早已说明 No one disputes the costs，作者并未暗示批评者不知道肥胖后果。

• B)✓ 正确
  • their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods↔They have not come up with anything more constructive

  B 项 They have not come up with anything more constructive 正是定位句 "很少能提出更好方法" 的一步延伸——即他们没有更具建设性的方案，未超出原文一步。

• C)张冠李戴

  They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate 利用 Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesity strategy 制造熟悉感，但原文里 uncomfortable 的主语是 members of parliament，不是题干所问的 critics；且 uncomfortable 的对象是 strategy 而非 debate。

• D)过度推断

  They have their own motives in opposing government regulation 把作者中性陈述 These critics just oppose regulation itself 强行升级为 "有不可告人的动机"，超出文本一步——原文只说他们反对监管本身，并未说他们有 own motives。

题干 Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality? 不是问内容本身，而是问作者为何要强调这一关系——典型的写作意图/例证目的题。

题干 Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality?：主干 "Why does the author stress the relationship"，between... 是 relationship 的后置修饰，无陷阱；注意 stress 在此为 "强调" 而非 "压力"，是熟词僻义。

• A)以偏概全

  To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas 利用 People living in the most deprived areas 这一句制造熟悉感，但作者写它是支撑 "政府该介入" 这一目的的论据，不是为了 "展示贫困地区的两难"。

• B)过度推断

  To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain 把 "poor health 与 inequality 的关联" 误读为 "inequality 是肥胖的根源"，原文从未给出 root cause 的因果断言。

• C)偷换概念

  To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public 把作者面向 "政府能否介入" 的论证目的偷换为 "提示公众应该关注哪里"——主体（政府→公众）和目的（合法化干预→引导关注）双双偷换。

• D)✓ 正确
  • too pronounced for governments to be passive about large-scale intervention↔To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem
  • the complaint about over protective government loses potency↔To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem

  D 项 To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem 用 justify 一词精准对应原文 "too...to be passive" 的双重否定结论与段尾 "反对论失去力量" 的支撑，是段落写作目的的精确还原。

题干 When will government action be effective? 问的是一个客观条件，原文会有直陈句，直接定位—比对即可。

题干 When will government action be effective? 是标准 when 一般疑问句，主语 government action，系表 will be effective，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  When the polarised debate is abandoned 来自 the polarised debate over public health interventions should have been abandoned long ago——这是作者对辩论本身的态度，不是 "政府行动有效" 的条件。

• B)无中生有

  When ideological differences are resolved 借自 The obesity crisis will not have a solution devised by left or right ideology，但原文恰恰说不会有意识形态导向的方案，并未把 "意识形态分歧解决" 列为行动有效条件。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond↔When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly

  C 项 When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly 与定位句 when 从句逐元素对应：individuals=individuals、incentive=motivated、act accordingly=respond，且未越界。

• D)与原文相反

  When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis 借自 experience indicates that the private sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously，但原文是 "私营部门需要监管激励才会重视"——政府行动是因，私营部门重视是果，选项把因果方向颠倒。