2025年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

题干According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping in the U.S.显式指段，问的是该段对小费做法的客观陈述，不带 infer / suggest / imply。

According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping in the U.S. ________. 主句是 the practice of tipping in the U.S. + 空格谓语；According to Paragraph 1 是状语，限定信息来源；选项是对主语 the practice of tipping 的谓语补全，理解上无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未把小费描述为a sign of generosity（慷慨的象征），段中只讲“付给以小费为主要收入者”的做法，与慷慨无关。

• B)✓ 正确
  • earning most of their income via tips↔was considered essential for waiters
  • U.S. customers historically tipped↔was considered

  预判“小费对低薪服务员是必需收入”，四个选项中只有was considered essential for waiters准确对应“essential（必需）+ waiters（服务员）”，故锁 B。

• C)张冠李戴

  was a way of rewarding diligence（奖励勤勉）对应的是reward high-quality service（奖励优质服务）的概念，那是第 2 段对“过去事后小费”的描述，与 Q21 限定的Paragraph 1不符；且 diligence（勤勉）≠ high-quality service（优质服务）。

• D)与原文相反

  原文说小费集中给“以小费为主要收入”的工种（如低于最低工资的服务员），暗示在那些工种里给小费几乎是惯例、并非可有可无；was optional in most businesses反过来说“在大多数行业里可给可不给”，与“传统上限定特定行业”的事实相反，且 most businesses 范围被放大。

题干Compared with tips in the past, today's tips要求找两个时点之间的差异，是对原文显式对比的复盘，非推断。

Compared with tips in the past, today's tips ________. Compared with tips in the past 是过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 today's tips；主语 today's tips 后接空缺谓语，由选项补全；无从句、无否定，结构平铺。

• A)无中生有

  原文没说今天小费“被支付的频次”比过去少；恰恰相反，第 4 段tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services暗示场合更多了。are paid much less frequently在频率维度上无原文支撑。

• B)与原文相反

  原文It's becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand明确说“事前请求小费越来越普遍”，所以今天 in advance 的小费请求是更多而非更少；are less often requested in advance恰好把方向写反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Today's tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms↔have less to do with service quality
  • That timing could reward high-quality service↔service quality

  预判差异维度是“与服务质量挂钩程度下降”，四个选项中只有have less to do with service quality精确命中这一维度，故锁 C。

• D)与原文相反

  原文Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplementing the income of many low-wage service workers明确说今天的小费正在“更多地”补贴低薪工人的收入；contribute less to workers' income反向缩小其贡献，与原文相反。

题干as a result of问的是已被原文用 helps explain why 这类显式因果句写出的原因，属于事实定位，不是推断。

Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services as a result of ________. 主句 Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services 用现在进行时表趋势；as a result of 引介动名词宾语（由选项补全），是固定因果短语；句式平铺无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • The prevalence of digital payment devices↔the advancement of technology
  • has made it easier to ask customers for a tip↔the advancement of technology

  预判原因为“数字支付普及”，A 选项以“technology 进步”作为更宽泛但精准包含原因的上位概念，与原文因果完全吻合，故锁 A。

• B)张冠李戴

  the desire for income increase（加薪诉求）对应的是第 7 段to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to the temptations of tip creep and tipflation，那是雇主“屈从于”小费蔓延的原因，而非小费蔓延到新型服务的直接原因；段位与因果链都不对。

• C)无中生有

  原文从未提到“商业多元化 / 业态多元化”导致小费请求扩散；the diversification of business是无中生有的因。

• D)与原文相反

  原文This increase is sometimes called tipflation把 tipflation 定义为“小费比例不断上涨的预期”，是“小费蔓延”现象的结果或同伴现象，而非其原因；the emergence of tipflation把结果当原因，因果倒置。

原文用 To ensure that ... 直接交代了该运动的目的，题干intended to问的就是这一显式目的，属细节定位。

The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to ________. 主语 The movement toward no-tipping services 后接被动谓语 was intended to + 不定式（由选项补全 do 动词）；toward 介词短语作主语后置定语；结构平铺无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文没说该运动旨在promote consumption（促进消费）；提价反而可能抑制消费，与原文意图不符。

• B)答非所问

  enrich income sources（丰富收入来源）问的是收入“多样化”，但原文目的是“公平”而非“多样”——禁止小费、单一靠工资恰恰是减少而非丰富收入来源；与目的相反。

• C)与原文相反

  原文明确说该运动选择了increased prices（提价），并不是为了维持合理价格；maintain reasonable prices与原文做法相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages↔guarantee income fairness
  • all employees↔income fairness

  预判目的是“工资公平”，四选项中 D 直接用“guarantee income fairness”复刻原文 ensure...fair wages，是最直接的同义替换，故锁 D。

题干It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping含 It can be learned from，是典型推断题信号。

It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping ________. It 为形式主语，that 引导真正主语从句 tipping ________；从句主语 tipping 后接空缺谓语（由选项补全）；can be learned from 是被动情态结构，提示答案是引申而非原文照搬。

• A)✓ 正确
  • many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often↔is becoming a burden for customers
  • tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous↔is becoming a burden for customers

  预判方向是“小费成顾客负担”，四选项中只有 A 用“burden for customers”准确接住末段对顾客 frustrated + coercive 的情绪 / 评价聚合，故锁 A。

• B)与原文相反

  原文often completely dissociated from service quality明确说小费“已与服务质量完全脱钩”，自然不再激励优质服务；helps encourage quality service与该结论相反。

• C)无中生有

  末段没说小费对business development（商业发展）至关重要；段中讨论的是顾客感受与作者评价，与企业发展无关。

• D)过度推断

  末段提的是“to increase employee wages without raising prices”——只是雇主不想涨价，并未上升到“需要降价”的结论；reflects the need to reduce prices在“不涨”基础上多走一步到“要降”，属过度推断。