2015年6月·第3套 英语六级长篇阅读（信息匹配） 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析

出国旅行（international travel）

• an EMV card↔a chip-and-PIN model

  EMV 卡 = 芯片 + PIN 卡（专有术语等价）

• international travel↔If you travel internationally

  international travel 与 travel internationally 词形微变

• It is best to use↔Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.

  ‘最好做’与‘问 + 肯定回答’句式等值

• C

  C 段的核心是 much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV——是技术定义与现状对比，并没有出现‘出国时应使用’这层建议。它制造的迷惑是‘EMV 一词在此段最显眼’，但并非源头段。

  While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV

信用卡和借记卡上的个人信息 + 越发易受攻击（increasingly vulnerable）

• Personal information on credit and debit cards↔credit-debit-(借记) or prepaid-card numbers

  卡号是个人信息的下位实例

• increasingly vulnerable to hacking↔cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks

  increasingly vulnerable 同根近义原样复现

• A

  banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers 与 More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected 的论述焦点是‘反击 + 受害规模’，不是陈述句要求的‘信用卡 + 借记卡上个人信息越来越易被黑’这一直接断言。

  banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft

• F

  Each magstripe has three tracks of information 的论述是‘磁条物理结构 + 第二轨被攻击’，没有‘越来越脆弱’这层动态判断，也没有 credit + debit 两类卡并列的表述。

  Your vital account information lives on the second track, which hackers try to capture

法国卡公司 + 低效的电话服务

• The French card companies↔In France, card companies

  形容词形式 vs 介词短语等值

• adopted EMV technology↔created EMV

  adopt 与 create 在‘引入新技术’语境下近义

• inefficient telephone service↔the telephone monopoly was so maddeningly inefficient and expensive

  名词短语 vs 表语描述等值

• partly because↔in part because

  因果连接词原样近义复现

许多国家用 EMV vs 美国仍守磁条

• many countries use the smarter EMV cards↔much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV

  ‘many countries’ ↔ ‘much of the rest of the world’是数量级同义替换

• the U.S. still clings to its old magstripe technology↔American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions

  ‘clings to its old magstripe’ ↔ ‘use the 40-year-old magstripe’动词色彩改写

• G

  The historical reason the U.S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology 论述的是‘美国为何坚守磁条’这一历史原因，而非陈述句所说的‘很多国家用 EMV 而美国仍用磁条’这一现状对比。‘stuck with magstripe’的词面也制造迷惑。

  The historical reason the U.S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology

• F

  That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable——重心在‘让消费者暴露’的后果，没有把 EMV 作为对比的另一极并列出来。

  That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable

正在做出努力阻止黑客实施身份盗窃

• Attempts are being made↔banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop

  被动 ‘Attempts are being made’ 等于多主语主动 ‘are all trying to’

• prevent hackers from carrying out identity theft↔stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft

  prevent…from doing ↔ stop…who are doing 等值

• M

  The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change 的‘push for change’是机制层面的‘推动转换’，未直接陈述‘阻止黑客实施身份盗窃’，且不含 identity theft 一词。

  The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change

信用卡比借记卡安全得多

• Credit cards are much safer to use than debit cards↔credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards

  ‘safer’与‘better liability protection’是上位 vs 具体的同义改写

• much safer↔I would use credit cards over debit cards because of liability issues

  ‘much safer’得到原文专家偏好语的支撑

• B

  credit-debit-(借记) or prepaid-card numbers 把两类卡并列只是为说明‘黑客可同时窃取两类卡的卡号’，没有对比 credit 和 debit 的安全性高低。

  hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-debit-(借记) or prepaid-card numbers

大银行不愿换 + 因为成本更高

• Big banks have been reluctant to switch↔Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology?

  ‘haven't adopted’与‘reluctant to switch’行为 ↔ 心理同义

• because of the higher costs involved↔it's all about relative costs

  ‘relative costs’对应‘higher costs’的具体落点

• more secure technology↔the more secure technology

  原样复现

• E

  Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic 是结论性总账，不是大银行迟迟不换的直接原因表述；陈述句问的是‘为何不愿换’，E 段答的是‘吸收欺诈仍便宜’的衡量结果。

  Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic

• J

  Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have been reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure(基础设施) needed for the technology 谈的是双方互推投资意愿，与陈述句的‘大银行 + 成本 + 不愿换卡’这一单方面因果不对应。

  have been reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure(基础设施) needed for the technology

零售商用磁条的潜在赔付风险 vs 升级收银机成本

• The potential liability for retailers using magstripe↔the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater

  potential liability 原样复现

• far more costly than upgrading their registers↔$6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible

  ‘upgrade registers’对应‘convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible’的概括等值

• D

  A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3 与 you're in the dollar range 的对比是单卡 3 vs 1，与陈述句的‘潜在赔付 vs 升级收银机’不在同一对比维度。

  A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3

• E

  Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic 是发卡方角度的‘吸收赔付便宜’，主体与陈述句的零售商不同，结论方向也相反，正话反说陷阱。

  absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic

美国零售商用磁条 + 让消费者面临账户信息泄露风险

• The use of magstripe cards by American retailers↔American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases

  名词化短语 vs 动词化原文等值

• leaves consumers exposed to the risks of losing account information↔leaves consumers vulnerable

  ‘exposed to the risks of losing account information’ ↔ ‘vulnerable + 下文账户信息被捕’上位 vs 具体的对应

• B

  hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-debit-(借记) or prepaid-card numbers using malware 论述的是入侵路径，主语是 hackers；陈述句要求主语是 American retailers 的‘使用磁条’行为导致‘消费者暴露’，方向不一致。

  hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-debit-(借记) or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers' point-of-sale system

• C

  While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions 仅停在现状对比，没有把后果落到‘消费者暴露于账户信息丢失’上。

  While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions

消费者将成为从磁条转向 EMV 的推动力

• Consumers will be a driving force↔it may be up to consumers to move the needle on chip and PIN

  ‘be up to X’ ↔ ‘X will be a driving force’同义改写

• the conversion from magstripe to EMV technology↔chip and PIN

  ‘from magstripe to EMV’ ↔ ‘chip and PIN’专有术语等价

• Consumers↔When you get the consumer into a position of worry and inconvenience, that's where the rubber hits the road

  进一步佐证：原文以‘消费者陷入担忧时才会真正发生’再次锁定消费者为关键推动者

• M

  The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change 把推动者定为卡公司，与陈述句的‘消费者’主体不一致。

  The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change

• K

  JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so 把率先动作的主体定为银行 CEO，与陈述句的‘消费者’主体不一致。

  JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so