2005年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

An argument made by supporters of smoking was that____ 是补全式陈述句，要求把支持吸烟者的具体主张填进去，属于对原文某一具体说法的还原。

Q26 主干为 An argument was that ____，过去分词短语 made by supporters of smoking 后置修饰 argument；选项接 that 从句补全。无陷阱结构，只需注意"made by"指明这条 argument 是"支持吸烟者"提出来的、不是反对者提出来的。

• A)把"不充分"偷换为"没有"

  原文反方说的是"证据 inconclusive、science uncertain"（不充分/不确定），A 项 there was no scientific evidence 直接夸大成"完全没有科学证据"，程度被偷改。

• B)与原文相反+立场张冠李戴

  原文 some 10 million smokers went to early graves 明确说人数惊人；B 项 the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant 把它说成"微不足道"，与原文相反。且这是作者陈述，而非支持吸烟者的 argument，立场也错。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life↔people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
  • the government should stay out of the way↔people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

  预判要点"生活方式自由 + 政府不干预"在 C 项被合并表述为"freedom to choose their own way of life"，正面承接原文反方立场，故锁定 C。

• D)把作者评价词张冠到反方头上

  原文 Lots of Americans bought that nonsense 中 nonsense 是作者对反方说辞的贬称；D 项 antismoking people were usually talking nonsense 反过来把它说成支持吸烟者对反吸烟者的 argument，立场倒置。

According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as____ 是"According to 某人，X 是 Y"的标准细节题题干，答案在原文人名附近的原话里。

Q27 主干 science can serve as ____，状语 According to Bruce Alberts 限定信息来源；can 表示"能够、可以"。结构简单，无理解陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Alberts 的话里没有 protect/guard/defend 等"保护"语义，a protector 是文中所无的角色定性。

• B)偷换概念（同根词陷阱）

  原文 the best judgments that science can provide 中 judgments = "判断（结论）"，是科学产出的中性名词；选项 a judge 把 judgments 偷换成施事性 judge（法官/裁判者），词义偷换。

• C)无中生有

  Alberts 通篇是肯定科学的指引功能，并无"科学批评/挑剔"语义，a critic 凭空捏造。

• D)✓ 正确
  • best available guide to the future↔a guide

  预判"指南/向导"，原文 guide 与选项 a guide 中心词原词复现，故锁定 D。

What does the author mean by 直接问短语含义，是词义句意题的标准提问句式。

Q28 主干 What does the author mean by X？X = paralysis by analysis，by 表示"通过/用……（这个说法）"。考生易把 by 误解成"被"——此处不是被动，是"通过这个表达"。

• A)✓ 正确
  • they continue to press for more research↔Endless studies kill action
  • Instead of a plan of action↔Endless studies kill action

  预判要点"无休止研究替代/扼杀行动"在 A 项被简洁表达为 Endless studies kill action，对应严丝合缝，故选 A。

• B)与原文相反（态度反转）

  原文段 they continue to press for more research 是讽刺、贬义；Careful investigation reveals truth 是对调研的正面褒扬，立场反转。

• C)偷换概念（关键名词替换）

  原文短语主语是 analysis（分析/研究），C 项 Prudent planning hinders progress 把它换成 planning（规划），且"hinders progress"将"行动被瘫痪"换成"进步被阻碍"，偷换概念。

• D)与原文相反（极端正面化）

  Extensive research helps decision-making 把原文批评的"无穷尽研究"洗成"广泛研究有助决策"，正面化程度更甚于 B，立场反转。

what should the Administration do about global warming 问的是具体行动方案，是对原文建议句的同义还原，不是观点推断。

Q29 主干 what should the Administration do？状语 According to the author 锁定立场是作者本人、不是政府或科学家；about global warming 限定话题。结构简单，关键是分清作者立场 vs 政府现状。

• A)以偏概全 + 例证脱节

  原文 A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start 是作者举"国会层面已有的好开端"，且对象是私营产业；A 项 Offer aid to build cleaner power plants 把举例当作对政府的总体建议，且把"私营产业的财政激励"窄化为"建电厂的援助"。

• B)无中生有

  原文 To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research 谈研究与立法，未谈"提升公众意识"；B 项 Raise public awareness of conservation 是文中所无的建议方向。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 But research alone is inadequate 和 they continue to press for more research 明确批评"只搞研究"；C 项 Press for further scientific research 复述被批评的做法，恰是作者反对的。

• D)✓ 正确
  • take the legislative initiative↔Take some legislative measures

  预判"主动出台立法/环保措施"与 D 项措辞高度同义复现（take + legislative + measures），故锁定 D。

The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because____ 问的是作者全文的写作意图（为何拿吸烟作类比），考查的是作者的整体论证结构，而非某一段细节。

Q30 主干 The author associates A with B because____。短语 associate A with B = "把 A 与 B 联系起来"；that of smoking 中 that 替代 the issue，避免重复。考生易栽在 that 指代上——that = the issue，不是别的。

• A)偷换概念（主因偷换）

  原文 P1 是"反方坚持"和"大众接受"导致拖延；并未说"政府忽视"造成 1000 万早死。且 A 项 they both suffered from the government's negligence 假定两议题都因政府忽视而恶化——吸烟段未提政府忽视，是"government should stay out of the way"的反方诉求被作者批评，与"negligence"非同一事。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete↔a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
  • There are upsetting parallels today↔a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former

  主线"以吸烟教训警示变暖"= 选项 a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former（latter=smoking, former=global warming）；故锁定 B。

• C)无中生有（强加因果）

  原文没有任何句子说"吸烟的后果加剧了全球变暖"，the outcome of the latter aggravates the former 是凭空捏造的因果关系。

• D)以偏概全

  原文 over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves 是已发生的历史教训；当下文里仅说全球变暖在加剧 the growing threat of global warming，并未提吸烟问题"turned from bad to worse"。D 项 both of them have turned from bad to worse 把"恶化趋势"硬扣到两端。