2012年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

题干形如 By saying "to find silver linings" (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to，固定句式锁定为词义/短语句意题。

题干主干是 the author suggests that the jobless try to ____，By saying 引导的是方式状语，提示这是对一个短语含义的解释题；空格填动词短语，需要选与 try to 在语义上自然衔接的不定式短语。无陷阱。

• A)选项含原文未出现的实体即无中生有

  seek subsidies from the government 中 subsidies、government 在第二段及全文均未出现，是凭对失业话题的常识脑补。

• B)把抽象益处偷换成物质收益即偷换概念

  原文说的是从灾难中找到精神/价值层面的好处（less materialistic and more financially prudent），make profits from the troubled economy 把它改成在经济动荡中赚钱，方向完全相反。

• C)回答的不是题目要解释的对象即答非所问

  explore reasons for the unemployment 谈的是探究失业原因，而题干问的是 silver linings 这一短语的含义，原文也没有讨论失业的成因。

• D)✓ 正确
  • to find silver linings in this national economic disaster↔look on the bright side of the recession

  预判 "在坏事里找好处" 与 look on the bright side of the recession 完全对齐，silver linings 即 bright side 的英语成语化表达。

题干 According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ____ 要求按原文客观陈述 recession 对人的具体影响，没有 infer/suggest/imply。

the recession has made people ____ 是 make + 宾语 + 宾补 结构，空格填动词原形短语，作 people 的宾补，描述他们被 recession 改造后的行为或状态。

• A)把别段信息塞进本段即张冠李戴

  struggle against each other（互相争斗）对应的是第三段的 conflict between races and classes，但 37 题只能用第二段——这是典型的跨段串信息。

• B)选项与原文方向相反即反向干扰

  原文是 awoken us from our national fever dream，即美梦破灭；realize the national dream 反向说 "实现国家梦想"，方向完全反。

• C)拿原文关键词反向加工即反向干扰

  原文是 they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent——人们变得更精打细算；challenge their prudence（挑战他们的审慎）方向反，把 prudent 当成被质疑的对象。

• D)✓ 正确
  • awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses↔reconsider their lifestyle
  • put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending↔reconsider their lifestyle

  预判 "反思花钱方式与生活理想" 与 reconsider their lifestyle 完全对齐，lifestyle 是 easy riches / bigger houses / reckless personal spending 的上位概括。

题干 Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ____ 直接复述他书中的论断，是对客观观点的转述，不要求新推断。

Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ____ 中 may 是情态动词，空格填动词原形短语；选项需是 may 的合法宾补，且语义与 Friedman 的原话呼应。

• A)用次级具体例当主论点即以偏概全

  原文 Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases 说的是衰退引发反移民情绪，impose a heavier burden on immigrants 把它偷换成 "给移民施加更重的负担"，且只截取移民这一支，丢失种族阶级、权利自由等全部其他负面后果。

• B)✓ 正确
  • lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive↔bring out more evils of human nature
  • have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms↔bring out more evils of human nature

  预判 "显出人性恶面" 与 bring out more evils of human nature 对齐：选项中 evils 一词覆盖 mean-spirited / less inclusive / stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms 全部负面表征。

• C)拿原文短语反向粘动词即反向干扰

  原文 have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms 是说衰退阻碍或倒退权利自由的进步；promote the advance of rights and freedoms 用 promote（促进）反着说，方向完全相反。

• D)原词照搬+反义动词替换即反向干扰

  原文 conflict between races and classes 说衰退让种族、阶级冲突也加剧（as does conflict 表 "也增加"）；ease conflicts between races and classes 用 ease（缓和）反向说。

题干 The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that ... 在问研究的具体发现，suggest 在此是 "研究表明" 的客观陈述，不是逻辑推断。

graduates from elite universities tend to ____ 是主语 + tend to + 动词原形 的结构，空格填表示倾向行为的动词短语；in the recession 是时间状语，限定场景必须是经济衰退期。

• A)把对比的两组身份对调即张冠李戴

  lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities 描述的是大众组 the masses beneath them that are left behind 的命运，被错挂到精英组上，是典型张冠李戴。

• B)改写比较对象即偷换概念

  原文比较的是 "精英组本人衰退期 vs 自己景气期" 与 "精英组 vs 大众组"，并未与 experienced employees 比较；experienced employees 是凭对就业话题的常识脑补。

• C)忽略 not all 的范围限定即反向干扰

  原文明确 not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed——并非所有人前景都被削弱，精英组恰是不被削弱的那群；see their life chances as dimmed as the others' 反着说精英组与其他人一样前景被削弱。

• D)✓ 正确
  • those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times↔recover more quickly than the others

  预判 "精英组追得快"，recover more quickly than the others 完全对齐，且 the others 正好对应 the masses beneath them。

题干 The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is ____ 后接四个评价性形容词，是典型的作者态度题。

the influence of hard times on society is ____ 是 "主语 + be + 表语" 结构，空格填形容词，描述这种影响的性质或确定性，需要从全文末段的总结句捕捉作者最后落点。

• A)全文严肃话题选 "无关紧要" 即反向干扰

  trivial（微不足道）与 reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years 这种长远重塑的判断完全相反，作者全文从未轻描淡写。

• B)把 "保留判断" 误读为 "乐观" 即推过头

  原文 a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results 与 Friedman、阶级分化等负面论据，让作者并未给出 "积极" 评价；positive 是过度推断+方向偏差。

• C)✓ 正确
  • But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend↔certain
  • it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years↔certain

  预判 "影响确凿无疑"，certain 与 certainly 词根同源、极性完全一致，且四个选项里只此一项命中 "是否会发生" 这一确定性维度。

• D)拿中段负面论据外推全文态度即推过头

  destructive（破坏性的）是强负面判断，但作者在末段明确 We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric，对方向保留判断，没有定性破坏。