2018年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 不含 infer / suggest / imply 等推断词,而是问一个明确事实——掌握 deep work 的关键是什么,定位到原文相应句子即可得答案。

题干主干 The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 是 The key (主语) + is to (系动词 + 不定式表语) 的结构,选项是 to 后面的动词短语,补全后构成完整句子。结构平铺直叙,无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • determine your length of focus time and stick to it↔keep to your focus time

  预判要求「确定专注时长并坚持」,A 选项 keep to your focus time 把「坚持」与「专注时间」两个语义点都对上,与定位句等值,故选 A。

• B)无中生有

  list your immediate tasks 在原文 P1 P2 里没有任何对应——文章没有让你「列出眼前的任务」,而是要你「圈出专注时间」。这是把考研二考生熟悉的「任务清单」概念塞进来制造熟悉感。

• C)张冠李戴

  make specific daily plans 对应的是 plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day 那项研究里被打击积极性的做法,而且 the detailed daily plans demotivated students 已说明这种做法是负面的,绝不是 deep work 的关键。题干问的是 deep work 的关键,C 把别处的概念错位安到这里。

• D)与原文相反

  seize every minute to work 把「每分钟都用来工作」塞给读者,但 the key is to determine your length of focus time 强调的是「圈出一段时长」而不是「分分秒秒地工作」;而且后文 embrace downtime 与 Idleness ... is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done 还专门反对「分秒必争」。

The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that 用 shows 引出研究结果,问的是该研究的客观结论,属可直接定位的细节题。

题干 The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that 主干为 The study shows that...,cited by Harford 是过去分词短语后置修饰 study,in the early 1980s 是时间状语修饰 study。三层修饰都附在主语上,选项接在 that 之后充当宾语从句。结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  distractions may actually increase efficiency 的 increase efficiency 在原文里没有依据。leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results 只说「留余地能取得最好效果」,并未说「干扰能提高效率」;题干问的是研究 shows 什么,而非 Harford 之后引申的主张。

• B)与原文相反

  daily schedules are indispensable to studying 的 indispensable 与原文完全相反——原文 the detailed daily plans demotivated students 恰恰否定了详细日计划的必要性。

• C)无中生有

  students are hardly motivated by monthly goals 谈的是月度目标对学生的激励效果,但原文 set out monthly goals and study activities 只交代了对照组的设置,从未给出「月度目标几乎不能激励学生」的结论。原文要否定的是详细日计划,不是月度目标。

• D)✓ 正确
  • they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students↔detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
  • detailed daily plans↔detailed plans

  预判要求「详尽日计划没有预期那么好」,D 用 may not be as fruitful as expected 严格对应了「研究者以为最有效→实际错了」的反转,故选 D。

According to Newport, idleness is 是 According to + 人名 的标准句式,问该人物对 idleness 的明确表述,属细节题。

题干 According to Newport, idleness is 结构是 According to Newport (状语) + idleness (主语) + is (系动词),选项是补全表语。语序简单,无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  a desirable mental state for busy people 把 idleness 偷换成 a mental state,并加上 for busy people 的对象限定,但原文 Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice 明确否定了「闲适即某种状态」的简单表述,且对象是所有人脑,不是「忙人」专属。

• B)偷换概念

  a major contributor to physical health 把 idleness 的作用对象偷换成 physical health 身体健康;原文 as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body 只是用 vitamin D 对 body 的关系作类比,被类比的本体是 idleness 对 brain,不是 idleness 对 body。

• C)无中生有

  an effective way to save time and energy 中的 save time and energy 在 P7 全段没有任何对应——Newport 谈的是 idleness 与 getting any work done 的关系,而非「省时省力」。这是把整篇文章 make the most of our focus and energy 等措辞拼凑过来的伪贴合。

• D)✓ 正确
  • necessary to getting any work done↔an essential factor in accomplishing any work

  预判要求「完成任何工作离不开闲适」,D 用 an essential factor in accomplishing any work 严格对应 necessary to getting any work done,故选 D。

Pillay believes that our brains' shift between being focused and unfocused 问 Pillay 相信此种切换会带来什么,要求回原文找他被引用的观点句,属细节题。

题干 Pillay believes that our brains' shift between being focused and unfocused 主干是 Pillay believes that...,that 引出宾语从句,主语是 our brains' shift,shift 后接 between A and B 介词短语作后置修饰,选项是宾语从句的谓语部分。注意 our brains' shift 是名词性所有格,shift 是名词不是动词。

• A)无中生有

  can result in psychological well-being 中 psychological well-being 心理健康在 P8 与 P9 没有任何对应——Pillay 谈的是 productivity 和 efficiency,而不是「心理福祉」。

• B)✓ 正确
  • they tend to be more efficient↔can bring about greater efficiency

  预判要求「切换专注与放空更高效」,B 用 can bring about greater efficiency 严格复刻这一语义,故选 B。

• C)过度推断

  is aimed at better balance in work 中 aimed at 强加目的性——原文只说大脑切换时「更高效」,并未说这种切换「是为了取得工作平衡」。is aimed at 暗含「有意识地为了某目的」,是把客观机制偷偷拔高成主观意图。

• D)无中生有

  is driven by task urgency 中 task urgency 任务紧迫性在原文从未出现——Pillay 谈的是大脑机制本身,不是任务紧不紧急。

This text is mainly about 中 mainly about 是主旨题的标准触发词,直接判定为主旨题、走特殊路径。

题干 This text is mainly about 是 主语 + 系动词 + 介词 about 的结构,选项是 about 后面的宾语短语。结构最简,无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  ways to relieve the tension of busy life 中 relieve the tension「缓解忙碌生活的紧张感」只是 P6 embrace downtime 和 P7 Idleness 这一两段的局部主题,并不能涵盖 P1 至 P5 关于 deep work、deep scheduling、to-do list 的内容,也不涵盖 P8 至 P9 的脑科学解释。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Another approach to getting more done in less time↔approaches to getting more done in less time
  • get more done in less time↔getting more done in less time

  预判要求「如何用更少时间完成更多事」,B 用 approaches to getting more done in less time 几乎字面对应原文 Another approach to getting more done in less time,且覆盖 P1 至 P9 各段招式,故选 B。

• C)以偏概全

  the key to eliminating distractions 中 eliminating distractions「消除干扰」只是 P3 combat constant interruptions 的局部话题,且原文从未主张「完全消除」(eliminate),反而 leaving room for improvisation 主张为干扰留余地。既不覆盖全文,又与文章具体主张相反。

• D)答非所问

  the cause of the lack of focus time 的 the cause 是「原因」,但全文从未追溯「为什么缺乏专注时间」的成因,而是给出多种「如何完成更多事」的解决方案。题干问 mainly about,选项却给「原因」,方向完全错。