2018年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

题干 A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of 直接询问某个具体细节(broken bike chain)被提及的用途，是典型的例证细节题。

题干主干 A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of ____ 是被动语态的简单句，to show 引导目的状语，空格作 of 的宾语，搭配 lack of 决定答案应是一个名词或名词性短语，结构无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain↔practical ability

  预判的"动手能力"与 practical ability 在词面与语义上均完全契合，且这是唯一一个把"被坏链条难倒"概括为能力欠缺的选项。

• B)与原文相反

  academic training 与原文相反——原文恰恰说学生"能记住总统名字"，这正是 academic training（学术训练）的体现，并不是缺失。

• C)无中生有

  pioneering spirit 在 P2 中找不到对应——pioneering 一词出现在 Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering.，是形容 Koziatek 老师所做的事，与学生缺什么无关。

• D)与原文相反

  mechanical memorization 是原文批评的对象（learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization），学生恰恰是这方面被训练得最多，而不是"缺"它。

题干 There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who 已经把偏见的存在当前提，只问偏见的具体描述，是对原文某句的复述。

主干 There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ____，that 引导同位语从句解释 prejudice 的内容，who 引导定语从句修饰 kids，空格是定语从句的谓语部分；结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  have a stereotyped mind 把原文的 stereotype（一种刻板印象/偏见）偷换成"思维僵化"——前者是社会对这些孩子的看法，后者是说孩子自己思维僵化，主语和语义都错。

• B)无中生有

  have no career motivation 在 P4 中没有任何对应——原文偏见说的是孩子"学业不好"，没说他们"没有职业动机"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • for kids who can't make it academically↔are not academically successful

  预判的"学业上做不到"与 are not academically successful 几乎一字对一字对应，是定位句引号的标准同义复述。

• D)无中生有

  are financially disadvantaged 引入了原文没有的"经济弱势"维度——P4 的偏见只针对学业，未涉及经济状况。

题干 We can infer from Paragraph 5 that 显式包含 infer，是教科书式的推断题。

题干 We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ____ 是 infer that 引导宾语从句的结构，high school graduates 是宾语从句主语，空格是其谓语；结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  used to have big financial concerns——原文说过去"经济提供工作保障"，恰恰意味着过去经济顾虑较小，而非更大；方向反了。

• B)✓ 正确
  • The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.↔used to have more job opportunities

  由 has largely evaporated 直接反推过去"曾有"，再结合 once 的时间标志，used to have more job opportunities 是一步合法的推断结论。

• C)无中生有

  are reluctant to work in manufacturing 把 P5 关于"制造业地位下降"的事实硬扯成"毕业生不愿进制造业"，原文从未谈毕业生主观意愿。

• D)偷换概念

  are entitled to more educational privileges 把原文 More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids 偷换成"被赋予更多教育特权"——原文是说社会期望更多教育，而非给学生 entitlement，且对象错位。

题干就 The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all 这一具体现象问其性质/后果，选项是对原文相应陈述的转述，属细节判断。

主干 The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all ____ 中 push 是核心名词，into bachelor's degrees for all 作修饰，整个主语是名词短语，空格是谓语；headlong 含"贸然、不加思考"的负面色彩，提醒考生原文对此持负面评价。

• A)与原文相反

  helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs——原文反复强调中等技能岗位（middle-skill jobs）有岗无人，而非这股潮流"创造了"很多这类岗位；方向反了。

• B)与原文相反

  may narrow the gap in working-class jobs 与原文相反——这股潮流恰恰让人都去读学士、不去做中等技能岗位，从而拉大了岗位缺口（参见 There is a gap in working-class jobs）。

• C)与原文相反

  is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 与原文数据相反——only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained，作者明确指出这股潮流没能造就合格的工人队伍，而不是"被期望"造就。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point↔indicates the overvaluing of higher education

  headlong（贸然/一头扎进）+ devaluing of anything less 共同等价于 overvaluing of higher education——把高等教育看得过高、把其他看得过低，本质是同一行为，D 是对作者评价方向最精准的概括。

题干 The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as 明确询问作者态度，标志极其清晰。

题干 The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as ____ 是简单系表结构，attitude toward 限定态度对象，can be described as 后接形容词作表语；结构无陷阱，但要注意 can be described as 暗示了一个相对克制的标签，过强烈的词需要警惕。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.↔supportive
  • Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.↔supportive

  pioneering + trying to fill that gap + a wake-up call + diversity of gifts 多处正向评价聚合，态度只能落在 supportive。

• B)偷换概念

  tolerant（容忍）意味着"勉强接受"，温度偏冷，与作者全文用 a wake-up call、pioneering 等强正向词的高度认可不匹配。

• C)与原文相反

  disappointed 与全文正向极性完全相反——作者并未对该校失望，反而把它当作"警钟"和"出路"。

• D)偷换概念

  cautious（谨慎）意味着作者对该校的支持有所保留，但原文 a wake-up call 与 trying to fill that gap 都是明确肯定，没有任何 however / but / yet 类保留信号。