2018年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

The word "plummeting" (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to____. 出现 closest in meaning to 这一固定表述，且要求在四个意思相近/相反的英文词中选一个。

The word "plummeting" (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to____. 是 "主-系-表" 结构：主语是 The word "plummeting"，系动词 is，表语是 closest in meaning to 引导的形容词短语，括号里的 Line 3, Para. 2 只是位置说明，不参与句意，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  stabilizing 表示 "趋于稳定"，与原文 plummeting 所暗示的剧烈下跌方向相反。

• B)偷换概念

  changing 表示 "变化"，方向不明，可上可下；原文 plummeting 已指明 "向下"，故 B 含糊不到位。

• C)✓ 正确
  • dropped by 80 percent↔falling

  预判语义为 "急剧下降"，四个选项中只有 falling 直接表达下降；选项虽未保留 "急剧" 这层程度，但词义题首要看核心方向，方向对则中。

• D)与原文相反

  rising 表示 "上升"，与原文紧邻的数据 dropped by 80 percent 完全矛盾。

According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America____. 用 According to 引出，问的是对该段事实的客观转述。

According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America____. 是不完整陈述句，According to Paragraph 3 是状语，主语是 the use of renewable energy in America，谓语缺失，由 A-D 四个动词短语来补全；阅读时把选项当作主语的延续动词读即可，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • seeing a remarkable shift↔is progressing notably
  • for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent↔is progressing notably

  预判 "美国可再生能源正在显著进步"，四项里 is progressing notably 与之完全对位；其余三项各踩一种与原文的偏差。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe 实际表达欧洲等地领先于美国，与 "美国规模与欧洲一样大" 的表述方向相反；is as extensive as in Europe 的 as...as 等同关系无原文支持。

• C)无中生有

  第 3 段全在描述正向进展（苏格兰 95%、中欧领跑、美国首次超 10%），未提及任何困难/挑战；faces many challenges 在该段无据。

• D)与原文相反

  原文用 remarkable shift、more than 10 percent 正面描述进展；has proved to be impractical（被证明不切实际）与之方向完全相反。

It can be learned that in Iowa, ____. 虽含 be learned，但配套限定 in Iowa 把范围收死在一个具体地点的客观事实上，仍属细节题而非推断题。

It can be learned that in Iowa, ____. 是形式主语 it 引导的复合句，that 后是不完整陈述句，in Iowa 是地点状语，主语谓语缺失由选项补全；无复杂结构。

• A)✓ 正确
  • wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation↔wind is a widely used energy source

  预判 "风电在爱荷华广泛使用" 与 wind is a widely used energy source 在主体、范围、性质三方面完全对位。

• B)过度推断

  原文只说风电占 36% 发电量，化石能源剩余 64% 仍可能存在；wind energy has replaced fossil fuels 中的 replaced（已替代）大大超出原文事实。

• C)偷换概念

  原文是科技巨头 being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers——他们 "被清洁能源吸引来建数据中心"，主体是被吸引来用电，不是 "投资清洁能源"。tech giants are investing in clean energy 偷换为 "投资清洁能源"。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 the availability of clean energy 明示清洁能源 "充足可用"；there is a shortage of clean energy supply 表达 "清洁能源短缺"，与原文方向完全相反。

Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6? 是问 "以下哪项为真"，要求选与原文事实一致的选项。

Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6? 是疑问句，Which 是主语，is 系动词，true 是表语，about clean energy 和 according to Paragraphs 5&6 是两个介词短语作状语兼范围限定；结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely 中，是电池储能提升 → 推动清洁能源持续供电；Its application has boosted battery storage 把因果反过来说成 "清洁能源应用→推动电池储能"。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles 是 "车企押注电动车（即用电池/清洁能源驱动汽车）"，主体是汽车制造业用清洁能源；而 It is commonly used in car manufacturing 表达 "清洁能源被广泛用在汽车制造（生产环节）"，把驱动汽车偷换为生产汽车。且 commonly used 与原文 still a rarity 也方向相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • keep power flowing around the clock more likely↔Its continuous supply is becoming a reality
  • this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years↔Its continuous supply is becoming a reality

  预判 "不间断供电正变成现实" 与 Its continuous supply is becoming a reality 在主体（清洁能源）、状态（不间断/持续）、趋势（正成为现实）三方面完全对位。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 more likely 与 could change the picture rapidly 都呈现 "前景看好、走向可行" 的态度；Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult 表达 "可持续利用将依然困难"，与原文方向完全相反。

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____. 含 inferred，要求由原文一步推出结论。

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____. 是形式主语 it + 被动语态 can be inferred + that 宾语从句的复合句；从句主语 renewable energy 后谓语由选项补全；注意从句中的内容才是要推断的对象，不要把 the last paragraph 当作推断对象。

• A)无中生有

  原文 at a time of a global shift in thought 只是指出全球思维在变，并未说美国将与其他国家关系靠近；will bring the US closer to other countries 中 "使美国与他国走近" 系凭空推断。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change 表明可再生能源是在 "减缓"（slow） 气候变化；will accelerate global environmental change 表达 "加速全球环境变化"，与 slow 方向相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • What Washington does – or doesn't do – to promote alternative energy↔is not really encouraged by the US government
  • President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.↔is not really encouraged by the US government

  预判 "美国政府其实没真推动可再生能源" 与 is not really encouraged by the US government 在主体、立场两方面完全对位；not really 这一含蓄否定贴合作者尾段的反讽语气。

• D)答非所问

  原文尾段未谈及成本，is not competitive enough with regard to its cost 提到的 "成本竞争力不足" 完全没有出现在尾段；成本话题在第 2 段反而以 "价格暴跌、太阳能板降价 80%" 正向表达过，方向反转。