2019年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

Some celebrities star in a new video to____. 让考生填动作目的，是对原文具体行为的客观转述。

Some celebrities star in a new video to____. 主干 Some celebrities star in a new video，star in 意为「主演」；不定式 to ____ 充当目的状语，空格需填动词原形短语。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  demand new laws on the use of plastics 把视频定位成「要求新法律」，但定位句明确视频面向 you, the consumer，呼吁立法是 a call for governments to enact legislation 的「副线」，并非视频本身的「key message」。

• B)✓ 正确
  • encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery↔urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

  B 把定位句 encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples 的目的客观浓缩成「敦促消费者减少使用塑料」，与预判完全吻合。

• C)无中生有

  invite public opinion on the plastics crisis 暗示视频在「征求公众意见」，但定位句是明星「鼓励」消费者去行动，方向完全相反。

• D)无中生有

  disclose the causes of the plastics crisis 说视频在「揭示原因」，但 P1 全段在讲呼吁个人改变，未涉及 plastics crisis 的起因。

The author is concerned that "moral licensing" may____. 让考生补出作者担心这一概念会导致什么后果，是对原文议论的客观转述。

The author is concerned that "moral licensing" may____. 主干 The author is concerned，that 引导宾语从句；从句主语 moral licensing 加情态动词 may，空格补谓语动词短语。结构清楚，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  mislead us into doing worthless things 把后果说成「误导我们去做无意义之事」，但定位句的关切不是「事情没用」，而是「做了小事就以为够了不再做」；原文 They could even be detrimental 也只是说「可能有害」，不是说事情本身没价值。

• B)✓ 正确
  • stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge↔prevent us from making further efforts
  • without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions↔prevent us from making further efforts

  B 概括了定位句中「不再继续做、不再向掌权者要求更多」这一核心后果，正是预判所述。

• C)与原文相反

  weaken our sense of accomplishment 说「削弱成就感」，但定位句明说 satisfying a need to have "done our bit"，是「满足成就感」，方向恰好相反。

• D)无中生有

  suppress our desire for success 谈「压制成功欲」，但原文谈的是环保行动而非个人「成功」；这是把抽象关键词偷换到无关话题。

By pointing out our identity "citizens", the author indicates that____. 用 indicates that 提示考生：要由作者「点出 citizens 身份」这一行为，推出他想表达的主张。

By pointing out our identity "citizens", the author indicates that____. 句首 By doing 介词短语充当方式状语，主干 the author indicates that ____；that 引导宾语从句，空格是从句的核心命题。

• A)偷换概念

  our focus should be shifted to community welfare 把「公民身份」往 community welfare 上引，但定位句谈的是对政府和产业的问责，不是社区福利。

• B)与原文相反

  our relationship with local industries is improving 说我们与当地产业的关系在改善，但原文是 ignoring the balance of power 并要求 hold…industries to account，是要施压而非赞美现状。

• C)与原文相反

  we have been actively exercising our civil rights 说我们一直在积极行使公民权，但定位句明说 we're ignoring the balance of power——作者认为现实恰恰是没去行使。

• D)✓ 正确
  • hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change↔press our government to lead the combat

  D 把作者借 citizens 身份要求「政府/企业负起责、带头变革」这一立场客观浓缩，与预判一致。

DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be____. 问 DeSombre 主张的最佳路径，是对其原话的转述。

DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be____. 主干 DeSombre argues；that 引导宾语从句，从句主语 the best way 后接介词短语 for a collective change 作定语，谓语 should be 后接表语，空格即此处。结构清楚。

• A)无中生有

  a win-win arrangement 说「双赢安排」，但原文谈的是「结构性变革」，并未在「各方都赢」这一维度上展开。

• B)与原文相反

  a self-driven mechanism 强调「自驱动」，意为靠个体自觉，但 DeSombre 的论点是 individual actions are too slow，正是要绕开「靠个人自觉」。

• C)偷换概念

  a cost-effective approach 谈「划算」，adds a cost to environmentally problematic action 中虽出现 cost，但那是「给污染行为加成本」的政策手段，不是说「这种办法本身性价比高」。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural↔a top-down process
  • implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether↔a top-down process

  D 把 structural 的本质——由制度/政府自上而下推动——概括出来，与预判及 P6 的具体举例完全吻合。

The author concludes that individual efforts____. 让考生选作者对 individual efforts 的整体结论，要的是覆盖全文论述的总评，而非某段细节。

The author concludes that individual efforts____. 主干 The author concludes；that 引导宾语从句，从句主语 individual efforts 后接系动词隐含的判断结构，空格补表语短语。结构平直，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  can be too aggressive 说个人努力「过于激进」，但全文没有任何对个人行动「太激进」的评价，反而是说「太少、太慢」。

• B)无中生有

  can be too inconsistent 说个人努力「不一致」，但原文谈的是「effect 太弱、速度太慢」，不是「时好时坏」。

• C)✓ 正确
  • On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us↔are far from sufficient
  • individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior↔are far from sufficient
  • We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change↔are far from sufficient

  C 把「单靠个人成效有限＋太慢＋必须搭配政策」三段主线浓缩成「远远不够」，正是作者结论。

• D)偷换概念

  are far from rational 说个人努力「远不理性」，但全文从未质疑 individual efforts 的「合理性/理性程度」，只谈其作用大小与速度。