2019年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____是一个待补全的陈述句，问的是研究者给出的具体原因，没有出现 infer/suggest/imply 等推断信号。

题干主干是 Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing，that 从句陈述研究者的判断；其后 because it may help____是补充原因的状语从句，空格填动词原形，是 help 后接的不带 to 的动词短语，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later只是把 guilt 与基本情绪做对比说出现时机，从未说 guilt 能 regulate 基本情绪。

• B)无中生有

  通篇讨论的是道德、社交、情绪层面的功能，未出现 intellectual ability 或近义概念，improve a child's intellectual ability在原文找不到任何依据。

• C)✓ 正确
  • in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms↔foster a child's moral development
  • regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing↔foster a child's moral development

  预判答案应落在'与孩子对道德规范的成长同步、推动道德层面发展'，C 项 foster a child's moral development恰好把这一语义化为 foster + moral development，与定位句双向吻合。

• D)与原文相反

  原文承认 guilt 本身是'uncomfortable'(见 deeply uncomfortable)的负面情绪，研究者欣赏的是它的道德功能而非'强化积极感受'，intensify a child's positive feelings方向与文意相反。

According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____是对段内一个具体形容词的补全，对应原文对 guilt 的直接描述，不要求跨段综合。

According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____主干是 many people consider guilt to be ___，consider sb/sth (to be) + 形容词 是常考结构；空格填形容词作宾语补足语，still 是程度副词表'仍然'，提示原文有'过时但仍流行'之意。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未提及 guilt 具有 deceptive(欺骗性)属性，仅说大众觉得它 uncomfortable，deceptive无原文支撑。

• B)✓ 正确
  • wearing a jacket weighted with stones↔burdensome
  • guilt still gets a bad rap↔burdensome

  预判答案锁定'沉重负担'语义，B burdensome是负重比喻的形容词化本体，符合 consider...to be ___ 的语法槽位。

• C)无中生有

  原文没有任何 addict/habit/dependence 类表述，addictive凭空给 guilt 加上成瘾属性。

• D)过度推断

  原文只说 guilt 让人 uncomfortable、a bad rap，从未上升到 inexcusable(不可原谅)的道德指控；inexcusable的程度远超 P2描述。

Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that____问的是 Vaish 明确点出的'认识来源'，是其原话中一句具体的归因，不属于推断。

主干 Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness，holds that 引导宾语从句；其中 comes from an awareness that ___ 用了 awareness 的同位语从句，that 后整句是空格要填的核心命题，注意 awareness 后的 that 不是定语而是同位语。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another恰好强调情绪'依赖语境'(context-dependent)，context-independent与之直接对立。

• B)偷换概念

  Vaish 谈的是'同一情绪可正可负'，并未上升到'情绪能建构社会'层面；socially constructive是另一维度的判断。

• C)无中生有

  Vaish 谈的是情绪的双面性，并未谈情绪 stability，更未涉及 benefit health；emotional stability can benefit health全句无原文支撑。

• D)✓ 正确
  • emotions aren't binary↔an emotion can play opposing roles
  • feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another↔an emotion can play opposing roles

  预判答案的核心是'同一情绪能正反两面'，D an emotion can play opposing roles恰好把 emotions aren't binary的否定式定义和后续对照例证压缩成'扮演相反角色'。

Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____问的是 Malti 团队已经'shown'的事实结论，have shown 是明示动词，不是推断。

Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____结构清晰：主语 Malti and others，谓语 have shown，that 从句中 cooperation and sharing 是主语，空格填谓语动词短语，注意是对 cooperation and sharing 两者共同作主语的陈述。

• A)与原文相反

  原文是 Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt——更多罪疚弥补同情不足；may help correct emotional deficiencies把因果反置，说成 cooperation and sharing 帮助纠正情绪不足。

• B)✓ 正确
  • guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing↔can result from either sympathy or guilt
  • Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt↔can result from either sympathy or guilt

  预判答案核心是'两种情绪可分别通向合作与分享'，B can result from either sympathy or guilt用 result from + either...or 完整复现 different pathways 的双源含义。

• C)无中生有

  原文只谈合作与分享与 guilt/sympathy 之间的因果，从未谈其后续会带来 emotional satisfaction；can bring about emotional satisfaction脱离原文。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 can rein in their nastier impulses说罪疚是 rein in(抑制)冲动；选项 may be the outcome of impulsive acts说合作分享是 impulsive acts 的结果，与'抑制冲动'完全相反。

The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to____中 is closest in meaning to 是词义题铁标志。

The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to____结构平铺直叙：主语是 the word transgressions，括号内是位置注释，谓语 is closest in meaning to 后接空格选名词，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  teachings 表'教诲、教导'，moral teachings(道德教诲)虽是常见搭配，但 after moral teachings 后跟 negative emotions 在语境里不成立——人在被教导后不该普遍产生负面情绪。

• B)答非所问

  discussions(讨论)在 moral discussions 搭配下意为'道德讨论'，与 negative emotions 不构成必然因果，语境义不成立。

• C)偷换概念

  restrictions 是'限制、约束'，moral restrictions 意为'道德约束'，但 after restrictions(约束之后)与 negative emotions(负面情绪)不构成 P5描述的'做错事→愧疚'链。

• D)✓ 正确
  • moral transgressions↔wrongdoings
  • feel negative emotions after moral transgressions↔wrongdoings

  预判'做错的行为'，wrongdoings是英语中表达该义最直白的常用词；moral wrongdoings 是常用搭配，回带后语义不变，选 D。