2001年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 29–32 题答案与解析

题干 What is the passage mainly about? 直接问 passage 整体讲了什么，没有任何局部信息词。

What is the passage mainly about? 是一个标准的 wh 疑问句，主干 the passage is about what，无从句、无否定、无比较，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  needs of the readers all over the world. 把读者范围扩大到 all over the world，但全文限定在 so many Americans，且讨论的不是 needs 而是 disappointment 的成因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?↔causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
  • The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.↔causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
  • But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.↔causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.

  首段问句确立议题、第六、七段给出根因，主线全部围绕「公众失望的原因」，B 是唯一同时覆盖议题与原因的选项。

• C)以偏概全

  origins of the declining newspaper industry. 把全文聚焦点偷换成「报业衰落的起源」。原文虽在 particularly a declining one 顺带提到衰落，但全篇主线是公众不信任的成因，不是衰落史。

• D)以偏概全

  aims of a journalism credibility project. 把 credibility project 当全文主角，但该项目在文中只是「被批评的研究对象」，作者借 P2 否定其成效后转入更深原因，全文从不讨论其 aims。

题干 The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be____. 是个待补全的陈述句，要的是原文中关于结果的客观转述。

The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be____. 主干为 the results turned out to be ___，turn out to be 意为「结果是/原来是」，空格填表语形容词；结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  quite trustworthy 评价的是结果「是否可信」，但原文从未质疑结果真假，只批评其层次低；选项把「层次」换成了「可信度」。

• B)无中生有

  somewhat contradictory 要求原文给出「前后/内部相互矛盾」的证据，但定位句只说结果浅、不说结果之间打架。

• C)与原文相反

  very illuminating 的极性是褒义、表示「很有启发」，与 Sad to say 起头的负面评价以及 low-level / head-scratching puzzlement 的轻蔑色彩完全相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes↔rather superficial
  • lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want↔rather superficial

  定位句把项目成果同时贴上「低层次」和「对核心问题没头绪」两个标签，二者并集恰是「流于表面」的同义表达，rather superficial 是唯一对得上的形容词。

题干 The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their____. 直接问作者点出的根本问题落在哪一维度，是对原文判断句的客观提取。

The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their____. 主干 the basic problem lies in their ___，as pointed out by the writer 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 problem，限定信息来源是「作者所指」；their 指代 journalists，空格填名词。

• A)与原文相反

  working attitude（工作态度）属于 inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills 所涵盖的「工作层面」原因，被作者明确归入 not A 一侧。

• B)以偏概全

  conventional lifestyle 对应的是 P5 的生活方式数据（住高档社区、有女佣、开奔驰），那只是 world views 的具象表征，不是作者点的「根本问题」。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers↔world outlook
  • Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.↔world outlook

  在 not rooted in 报道技能 but in 世界观 的明确对照里，作者一笔否掉「工作技能」型解释，把根本问题点在世界观上，world outlook 是该 B 项的近义浓缩。

• D)以偏概全

  educational background 直到 reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class 才作为多样性维度之一被提及，原文从未将「教育背景」单独点为 basic problem。

题干 Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its____. 是一个完整因果陈述待补全，问的就是原文给出的具体原因。

Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its____. 句首 Despite its efforts 为让步状语；主干 the newspaper industry cannot satisfy the readers；owing to its____ 为原因状语补充原因，its 指代 the newspaper industry，空格填名词性短语。

• A)✓ 正确
  • it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about↔failure to realize its real problem
  • The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views↔failure to realize its real problem

  原文「始终没注意到」被作者明确判为「行业屡战屡败的根因」，选项以「未能意识到其真正的问题」作动名词化浓缩，语义与归因方向完全一致。

• B)偷换概念

  tendency to hire annoying reporters 描述的是 keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers 这一现象本身，作者用它作为问题的表征，而非作者归纳的根本原因。

• C)与原文相反

  likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 直接对应 inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills，而那是作者明确用 not A but B 排除掉的旧因。

• D)与原文相反

  prejudice in matters of race and gender 把 its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender 反向曲解——原文意思是 diversity 项目只盯着 race/gender 而忽略 outlook/values/class，并不是说报业本身存在种族性别偏见。