2015年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

题干 According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by____ 用 According to 限定来源，再问让她不安的「东西」，是对原文事实的客观转述，不是 infer/imply。

题干 According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by____ 是一个被动语态的省略陈述句，主干 Elisabeth was upset by X，X 即正解；选项作 by 的宾语补全。无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market↔the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

  预判的「机制导致的恶果」与 A 的「现行筛选机制的后果」在因果方向、主客双方都一一对应，是定位句最干净的同义改写。

• B)偷换概念

  companies' financial loss due to immoral practices 把焦点偷换成「不道德行为导致公司财务损失」——wounding companies such as News International 讲的是「失去方向 (lose its way)」而非财务亏损，且这是公司层面的后果，不是 Elisabeth 不安的根因。

• C)以偏概全

  governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues 把原文 within government, media or business 三方并列的「道德语言缺失」窄化到只剩政府层面的「无作为」，是典型的以偏概全。

• D)与原文相反

  the wide misuse of integrity among institutions 说 integrity 被「广泛滥用」，但原文是 unsettling dearth of integrity，即 integrity 严重缺失而非被滥用，方向恰好相反。

题干 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that____ 以 inferred from 起句，是推断题的标准形态。

It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that____ 是 it 形式主语句，真正主语是 that 引导的名词性从句（即四个选项），结构平实，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime 说他可能否认窃听是犯罪，但原文 as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire 恰恰说他「承认了」这是工业级窃听，且文中没有任何关于他是否把它看作犯罪的话——属于无中生有 + 与原文相反的复合错。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Others await trial. This long story still unfolds↔more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
  • hacking on an industrial scale↔more journalists

  把 Others await trial 的事实嫁接到 may be found guilty 的可能性，再用 hacking on an industrial scale 暗示「不止一人」，三处共同支撑 B；用 may 而非 will 也守住了推断的一步。

• C)与原文相反

  Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge 主张应判 Coulson 无罪，但原文 finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones 明确他已被判有罪——这是与原文事实的正面冲突。

• D)过度推断

  phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions 说窃听在某些场合会被接受，但原文从头到尾把窃听描述为 industrial scale 的犯罪行为；这个结论是凭空推到两步之外的过度延伸。

The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence____ 问的是作者对一个具体对象（defence）的评价，选项 was hardly convincing revealed a cunning personality 也都是评价性形容，是局部态度题。

主干 The author believes that ...，that 引导宾语从句，从句主语 Rebekah Brooks's defence 后接横线，等待补全表语；选项是对该 defence 的整体判断。无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom↔was hardly convincing
  • she never inquired how the stories arrived↔hardly convincing

  作者对 Brooks 的 defence 给出 astonishing 的负向评价，与 A 的「难以令人信服」在对象（defence）与极性（负向）上完全吻合。

• B)无中生有

  centered on trivial issues 说辩护「围绕琐碎议题展开」，但原文从未评价辩护的「议题大小」，只评价它「以无知为核心」；trivial 完全是无中生有。

• C)过度推断

  revealed a cunning personality 说她辩护暴露出狡猾的性格，但原文只评价了她的「不闻不问」这一行为及其辩护策略，并未给她下「狡猾」这种人格判断——这是过度推断到人格层面。

• D)张冠李戴

  was part of a conspiracy 把她的辩护定性为「阴谋的一部分」，原文只说 conspiring to hack phones 是 Coulson 的罪名，没有把 Brooks 的辩护行为本身归为共谋的一环——属于无中生有兼张冠李戴。

The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows____ 用 shows 要求从原文对该 doctrine 的事实描述（推崇什么词、贬抑什么词）推断它「显示出了什么」，需要一步抽象归纳。

主干 The author holds that [the current collective doctrine] shows ____。that 引导宾语从句，从句主语是名词短语 the current collective doctrine，shows 后接选项作宾语。

• A)张冠李戴

  a marginalized lifestyle 说显示出一种「被边缘化的生活方式」，但原文 degraded to the margin 是用来形容那些「正义、公平」等词的，而不是生活方式；把修饰对象偷换成 lifestyle 是张冠李戴。

• B)无中生有

  unfair wealth distribution 把焦点定到「财富分配不公」，但原文 wealth generation 只是「被推崇的词之一」，关于这份财富在社会成员间如何分配，原文一字未提——典型的无中生有。

• C)✓ 正确
  • The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation↔generally distorted values
  • Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability↔generally distorted

  把两组对立的词清单整体归纳成「价值观被普遍扭曲」，正是 generally distorted values 所做的事；扭曲一词的语义与原文「margin/should be profit」的倾斜分布完全契合。

• D)与原文相反

  a rigid moral code 说显示出一种「刻板的道德准则」，但原文核心是「道德语言缺失、正义公平被边缘化」（absence of purpose, of a moral language + Words degraded to the margin…justice, fairness…accountability）——根本没有道德准则在场，更谈不上「刻板」。方向反了。

Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? 用 suggested 求尾段隐含的作者主张，是推断题。

Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? 是被动疑问句，主语 which 指代四个选项，is suggested 表「被暗示」，状语 in the last paragraph 限定范围。无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  The quality of writings is of primary importance 把焦点放在「写作质量」上，但原文谈的是道德取向缺失（公正 / 人性 / 读者理解），而非文章写得好不好——把道德议题偷换成质量议题。

• B)✓ 正确
  • The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity↔Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper
  • It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact↔Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper

  把「应有却缺席」的三个道德要素和「实际所做」的恶行并置，作者实质上在主张：编辑这一行为应有道德意识——正是 B 的命题。

• C)以偏概全

  Common humanity is central to news reporting 只抓住 common humanity 一项，将其单挑成 central to news reporting；但原文 not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity 是三项并列、共同构成道德要求，选 C 等于以偏概全。

• D)过度推断

  Journalists need stricter industrial regulations 主张「需要更严格的行业监管」，但原文未对监管/法规做任何呼吁，作者诉求是道德层面的「编辑要有道德意识」，而非制度层面的「加强外部监管」——属于过度推断到制度层面。