2020年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

conducted a test to see if rats can ____ 是一个客观信息空缺，问的是研究者做实验想验证什么，没有 infer/imply 等推断信号词。

题干 Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ____ 主干是 "Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test"，后接 to see if 引导的目的状语从句，从句里再嵌 if 引导的宾语从句，空格补 if 从句的谓语动词短语。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱，只需把 if 译为"是否"。

• A)✓ 正确
  • detect social signals↔pick up social signals
  • from robotic rats↔from non-living rats

  A 项把 detect 换成 pick up、robotic 换成 non-living，其他完全保留，与预判"老鼠能否从机器鼠接收社交信号"逐词对应，是定位句的同义改写。

• B)偷换概念

  distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one 把研究目的改成"区分敌友"，但原文 tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats 测试的是"能否识别信号"，不是"区分敌友"。

• C)无中生有

  attain sociable traits through special training 把实验改成"通过训练获得社交特质"，但原文 tested whether rats can detect social signals 是"测试已有能力"，并不涉及训练，更没有让老鼠获得新特质。

• D)与原文相反

  send out warning messages to their fellows 说实验测试"老鼠能否向同类发警告"，但原文 detect social signals 是"接收信号"而非"发出信号"，方向相反。

What did the asocial robot do during the experiment 直接问 asocial 机器鼠在实验中做了什么，是对客观行为的直接询问。

题干 What did the asocial robot do during the experiment? 是标准 wh- 疑问句，主语 the asocial robot，谓语 do，时间状语 during the experiment。结构清楚，无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  It followed the social robot 说非社交机器鼠跟着社交机器鼠走，但原文 the social robot rat followed the living rats around 跟随者是 social 机器鼠，跟随对象是活鼠。

• B)张冠李戴

  It played with some toys 把玩玩具安到 asocial 机器鼠身上，但原文 played with the same toys 描述的是 social 机器鼠。

• C)张冠李戴

  It set the trapped rats free 把开笼放鼠的功劳算在 asocial 机器鼠头上，但原文 opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape 是 social 机器鼠的动作。

• D)✓ 正确
  • simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side↔It moved around alone
  • Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply↔alone

  D 项用上位词 moved around 概括三方向移动，用 alone 概括"不与活鼠互动"的含义，正好等价于定位句"只是前后左右地移动"。

because they ____ 问"老鼠释放社会机器鼠是因为它们……"，because 引出原因，原文中必有对应的因果句。

题干 According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they____. 主干 the rats released the social robot，前接归属状语 According to Quinn，后接 because 引导的原因状语从句，空格补 they 的谓语。结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  tried to practice a means of escape 把放机器鼠说成是"练习逃生方法"，但原文 wanting the robot to return the favour 解释的是"求回报"，根本没提及老鼠在练习什么。

• B)✓ 正确
  • wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped↔expected it to do the same in return
  • having freed it earlier↔the same

  B 项用 expected…do the same in return 把 "希望机器鼠也来救自己" 这一原因完整复刻，与预判完全一致。

• C)无中生有

  wanted to display their intelligence 说老鼠想展示智力，但 Quinn 的解释 wanting the robot to return the favour 只字未提 intelligence，这是干扰项凭空添加的动机。

• D)偷换概念

  considered that an interesting game 把放机器鼠的动机改成"觉得是个有趣的游戏"，原文 wanting the robot to return the favour 强调的是回报心理，不是娱乐心理。

Janet Wiles notes that rats____ 问的是 Wiles 关于老鼠的客观陈述，没有推断信号词。

题干 Janet Wiles notes that rats____. 主干 Janet Wiles notes，后接 that 引导的宾语从句，从句主语 rats，空格补谓语。结构清楚，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  can remember other rats' facial features 把 facial features 拼到 other rats 身上，但原文 facial features 是说机器鼠是否需要装面部特征，并非老鼠记忆同伴的面部。

• B)无中生有

  differentiate smells better than sizes 说老鼠辨别气味比辨别体型强，但原文 put a scent on it 只在讨论是否要给机器鼠喷气味，没有任何 "smells vs sizes" 的比较。

• C)✓ 正确
  • a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it↔looks
  • but that wasn't necessary↔respond more to actions than to looks
  • followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors↔actions

  C 项把 but that wasn't necessary 中"外观不必要"和前文 social 机器鼠靠行为赢得老鼠认同的事实合并起来，得出"老鼠更看重行为而非外观"的结论。

• D)与原文相反

  can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 说老鼠被装轮子的塑料盒吓到，但原文 The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design 强调的是"老鼠竟然愿意与之交朋友"，方向相反。

It can be learned from the text that rats____ 既没有任何具体段落/数字/专名，又用 the text 指代全文，答案必须由全文走向得出，符合主旨题特征。

题干 It can be learned from the text that rats____. 主干 It can be learned，from the text 是出处状语，that 引导主语补足语从句，从句主语 rats，空格补谓语。形式主语 It 指代后面整个 that 从句。

• A)无中生有

  appear to be adaptable to new surroundings 说老鼠适应新环境的能力强，但全文 detect social signals 讨论的是社交信号识别，未涉及环境适应。

• B)过度推断

  are more socially active than other animals 说老鼠比其他动物更善社交，但 Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals 是把老鼠与其他动物并列，other animals are too 也只是说其他动物也被机器人吸引，并未做"更活跃"的比较。

• C)与原文相反

  behave differently from children in socializing 说老鼠社交方式不同于儿童，但 Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals 用 Similarly 明确指出二者相似。

• D)✓ 正确
  • how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots↔are more sensitive to social cues than expected
  • The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising↔than expected
  • social cues↔social cues

  D 项把 P7 的"how sensitive"和 P6 的"surprising"合并为"more sensitive than expected"，恰好等于全文主线，是末段结论句的同义改写。