1998年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 23–26 题答案与解析

America in 1970s ________ 是一个待补全的客观陈述句，没有 infer/imply/suggest，也不是问 main idea，要求选出与原文事实一致的描述。

Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s ________：句首是过去分词短语作状语，省略了被动主语；其中 the population growth the 1980 census provided 是省略了关系词 that 的定语从句，修饰 picture。主干仅是 America in 1970s + 选项内容，结构上无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history 把原文的"增长率最低"换成了"净增长最低"，并去掉了"除大萧条以外"的限定。

• B)✓ 正确
  • enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting↔witnessed a southwestern shift of population

  预判的"南向位移"与 southwestern shift of population 字面契合，且该项不涉及任何被原文否定的极端断言，故锁 B。

• C)与原文相反

  underwent an unparalleled period of population growth 说"经历了空前的人口增长期"，与定位句 lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years 直接相反。

• D)与原文相反

  brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War II 称二战以来的迁移模式停滞，原文 Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the pattern still prevails 明确说该模式仍在继续。

The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________ 是要求回原文找出一处具体差异的客观陈述题，不要求归纳全文。

The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________：主干是 The census distinguished itself from previous studies，介词短语 on population movement 修饰 studies；in that 是连词，意为"在于；因为"，引出宾语从句，从句的核心信息就是选项填入的内容。

• A)以偏概全

  it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution 把气候说成本普查的"突出新发现"，但原文 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates 把气候迁移定位为被"逃离拥挤"所影响的次要因素，并非新意所在。

• B)偷换概念

  it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants 把"移民"视作普查的核心新意，但 Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too 把移民定位为众多原因之一（played a role, too），并未被强调为新意。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too↔it reveals the Americans' new pursuit of spacious living

  四个选项中只有 C 命中"宽敞居住"这一被原文反复强调的新现象；其余三项都对应原文里被明确淡化的"非主要新意"。

• D)以偏概全

  it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's "baby boom" 把"婴儿潮"提升为重点，但原文 so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child-bearing years 只一句带过，作为人口南移的补充原因之一，并非独特新意。

We can see from the available statistics that ________ 是要求从客观数据出发判断各项陈述真伪，需要把四个选项各自回原文比对，是典型的数字细节题。

We can see from the available statistics that ________：主干 We can see that...，from the available statistics 是状语限定信息来源；that 后的宾语从句即选项内容。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US 称加州曾是全美人口最稀疏的地区，原文对加州的描述是 California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state 与 California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent，从未提及"最稀疏"。

• B)以偏概全

  the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West 说前十州"全部"位于西部，原文 Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states 明确把佛州、得州排除在西部之外。

• C)过度推断

  cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration 称"气候更好的城市无一例外都受益"，但原文 Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska 显示人们也大量迁向较冷地区，气候并非唯一吸引项。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively↔Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population

  D 把"Arizona = 53.1% = 排名第二"复述得字字落地；A、B、C 都和原文数字或限定不符。

The word "demographers" (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means ________ 显式给出待解词与位置，标准词义题模板。

The word "demographers" (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means ________：主干 The word means...，most probably 是程度状语表"很可能"，提示答案是上下文最合理推断、而非绝对定义。

• A)偷换概念

  people in favor of the trend of democracy 利用考生对前缀 demo- 的直觉，把它联想为"民主拥护者"，但句中 demographers 的行为"观察人口转移"与民主无关。

• B)偷换概念

  advocates of migration between states 用 "migration between states" 借住原文话题，把 demographers 从中性观察者偷换为"主张州际迁移"的倡导者；原文 see... as 表示客观观察，并无主张迁移之意。

• C)✓ 正确
  • demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon↔scientists engaged in the study of population

  上下文功能（研究人口转移）+词根线索（demo-/-graph-）共同指向"人口学家"，C 项与之最贴。

• D)与原文相反

  conservatives clinging to old patterns of life 称"固守旧生活方式的保守派"，与 demographers 在原文中作为客观观察者的角色无关，且原文整段在讲"新现象"，与 clinging to old patterns 反向。