2010年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands? 用 What 直接问"主要期望是什么"，答案是原文里可直接找到的具体陈述，没有 imply / suggest 之类的推断信号。

What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands? 是一个典型的 What 引导的疑问句，主语是 most wives' main expectation（妻子们的主要期望），of their husbands 是后置定语限定 expectation 的对象，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • conversational partners↔Talking to them
  • first and foremost↔main expectation

  预判得到的"丈夫能跟自己说话"与 Talking to them 完全同义，且原文 not on tangible inequities such as ... cleaning, cooking 已显式排除 D，C、B 在原文找不到出处，A 唯一成立。

• B)无中生有

  Trusting them 的"信任"在全文找不到任何对应词或同义表达，属于凭中文"夫妻关系常识"硬塞的额外期望。

• C)与原文相反

  Supporting their careers 反过来了：原文 having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his 讲的是妻子为成全丈夫事业而牺牲，被妻子列为抱怨，而非妻子要求丈夫做什么。

• D)与原文相反

  Sharing housework 与 not on tangible inequities such as ... cleaning, cooking and social arrangements 中的 not 直接冲突——家务正是被排除的抱怨方向。

the phrase "wreaking havoc" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means 明确用 phrase ... means 询问某短语在上下文中的含义，是典型的词义题信号。

Judging from the context, the phrase "wreaking havoc" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means ________________. 是不完整的陈述句等待选项补全；句首 Judging from the context 是分词独立结构，提示"根据上下文判断"，主干是 the phrase ... most probably means ___，结构无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  generating motivation（产生动力）是正面后果，与 the irony 与下文 a virtual epidemic of failed conversation 形成的负面语境完全相悖。

• B)偷换概念

  exerting influence（施加影响）是中性词，influence 既可正可负，达不到原文 wreaking havoc 的负面强度——原文不是"产生影响"而是"造成混乱/破坏"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • wreaking havoc with marriage↔causing damage

  四个选项里只有 causing damage 表纯负面后果，其他三项要么中性 (exerting influence)、要么正面 (generating motivation)，要么仅表"压力"未到"破坏"程度 (creating pressure)。

• D)以偏概全

  creating pressure（造成压力）虽然偏负面，但 pressure 只是"施压"，而 havoc 直指"严重混乱、毁坏"——程度不达。原文紧接下段 a virtual epidemic of failed conversation 用"瘟疫"级的比喻渲染后果，已远超"压力"。

All of the following are true EXCEPT 把四个选项视作四个独立的事实陈述，要求逐项与原文核对，本质是 4 道小细节题合并。

All of the following are true EXCEPT ________________. 是省略型陈述句，All of the following 指代"下文四个选项"，are true EXCEPT 是排除句式"全部都对，除了……"，注意双重否定式提醒——选的是"不真"的那一项，考生常因眼花把"对的"选出去。

• A)EXCEPT 题的正确陈述＝原文同义改写

  A 项 men tend to talk more in public than women 与 American men tend to talk more than women in public situations 几乎逐字对应——主语 men、动词 tend to talk more、状语 in public 全部命中，属"真"陈述。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent↔nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

  原文只说"大多数受访女性"把沟通缺失列为离婚原因，且 a virtual epidemic of failed conversation 中 virtual epidemic（堪称瘟疫）是作者的渲染比喻，不是 50% 这一数字的归因依据；A、C、D 均能在原文找到正面对应，唯 B 不真。

• C)EXCEPT 题里跨段支持也算真

  C 项 women attach much importance to communication between couples 由 most of the women ... gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces 与 they focused on communication 共同支撑——女性把沟通看得很重，属"真"陈述。

• D)EXCEPT 题里轶事＋论点都可作"真"支撑

  D 项 a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 由 She's the talker in our family（直接场景）与 they often talk less at home（男性回家话变少）共同支撑，妻子在家比丈夫健谈成立，属"真"陈述。

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? 中 best summarize + main idea 双重信号，无任何具体定位词，必须走主旨题特殊路径。

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? 是 Which 引导的疑问句，情态动词 can 加副词 best 表"最能够"，summarize 是及物动词，宾语是 the main idea of this text，结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  The moral decay deserves more research by sociologists 引入了原文从未提及的 moral decay（道德沦丧），全文谈的是会话模式而非道德议题；唯一的社会学家 Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman 也是被引用以支持数据，不是呼吁更多研究。

• B)与原文相反

  Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities 中 sex inequalities（性别不平等）虽与原文 tangible inequities 表面有联系，但原文恰恰强调"妻子的抱怨不在这些 inequities 上"——选项反过来把性别不平等定为离婚根源，与文本主线方向相反。

• C)偷换概念

  Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage 把对照对象拔高到"对婚姻整体的期望"，而原文聚焦的是 most wives want their husbands to be ... conversational partners 这一具体的"对话伙伴期望"，并非泛指对婚姻的全部期望。

• D)✓ 正确
  • American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home↔Conversational patterns between man and wife are different
  • most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives↔Conversational patterns between man and wife are different

  Conversational patterns between man and wife are different 能同时覆盖 P1 轶事、P2 论点、P3 数据、P4 期望差、P5 漫画——它们都在论证"夫妻在 talk 这件事上不一样"；其他三项要么超出文本范围，要么只覆盖局部。

the author will most probably focus on 用 will + most probably 预测下文走向，是"基于末段做一步逻辑延伸"的推断题。

In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ________________. 是不完整陈述句；句首 In the following part immediately after this text 是地点状语限定续写位置，主干是 the author will most probably focus on ___，will + most probably 双重将来时＋概率副词，提示这是预测式推断。

• A)答非所问

  a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk 指向 Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk——这本书在第 3 段已被引用作为数据支撑，作者已用完它的论证功能，下文不会回头给它"详细介绍"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the stereotypical cartoon scene↔a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

  B 项 the stereotypical cartoon 与末段 the stereotypical cartoon scene 原词复现，且选项动作 a detailed description 正是"对末段未展开意象的细描"——一步延伸成立。其他三项要么向前回退（A、D 回到前文已写过的人/书），要么跳到全文外（C）。

• C)过度推断

  other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. 把话题从"漫画/沟通模式"扩展到"美国离婚率的其他原因"，与末段 the image that best represents the current crisis 收束式的语气不符——作者在 P5 已用 In short 收束，不会立即换题去谈"其他原因"。

• D)答非所问

  a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker 指向 political scientist Andrew Hacker 与 as Hacker observed years before——Hacker 在文中只是作者引证观点的来源，前文已点过两次，作者无理由在末段后突然给他做"简介"。