2020年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

题干 Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because____ 指向原文某一条具体表述，不是要主旨、不是要态度、不是要推断，只要还原原文给出的原因。

Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because____ 主干是被动语态 is seen as，相当于「被视作……」；partly because 引出原因状语从句的空位，正确项需是一个完整的从句内容，且只是「部分原因」之一。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未提及科学出版业「funding（拨款/资助）」在增加；它谈的是利润与售价。把利润误读成「资助」属典型张冠李戴。

• B)偷换概念

  原文谈的是利润率高 profit margins approaching 40%，并未把它归因于 marketing strategy（营销策略）；高利润源于「内容免费 + 图书馆不敏感」，不是营销。

• C)与原文相反

  原文说同行评审 also for free——是「零报酬」，不是「报酬被削减（reduced）」；reduce 隐含「原本有、现在变少」，原文从未表明评审过去拿过钱。

• D)✓ 正确
  • they will supply the articles without monetary reward↔its content acquisition costs nothing
  • Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free↔its content acquisition costs nothing

  预判「内容来源不花钱」与 its content acquisition costs nothing 是同一意思的不同说法，且题干 partly because 只要求给出一个原因——D 给出的正是定位句给出的核心原因。

题干 scientific publishers Elsevier have____ 是对 Elsevier 这一主体在限定段落内「做了/拥有什么」的事实性追问，落点是原文事实而非推断。

According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have____ 现在完成时 have ____ 留出谓语动词或介词短语的空位，正确项需补完一个完整谓语，描述 Elsevier 的状况或所做之事。

• A)✓ 正确
  • UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research↔thrived mainly on university libraries
  • Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive↔thrived mainly on university libraries

  Elsevier 赚 9 亿、大学花 2.1 亿——这两个数字之间的因果对照就是「Elsevier 兴旺主要靠大学图书馆」的最直接证据，A 项与预判完全一致。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文 at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis 说的是「出版业的其他部分」陷入生存危机，正是用来反衬科学出版商利润优渥；Elsevier 不仅没陷入危机，反而是反例。

• C)过度推断

  原文说 Elsevier 自身利润高，但从未说它「复兴了出版业」；恰恰相反，作者描绘的是其他出版业陷入危机、而科学出版商独自暴利，二者是并存而非因果。

• D)与原文相反

  原文清楚说明 UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research——是大学付钱给出版商以接触本属自己资助的研究，而非出版商「慷慨资助研究者」。

How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? 直接问 the author 的 feel，是典型作者态度题；不可拿 Sci-Hub 创办者或读者的态度替代。

How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? 一般疑问句结构 How does X feel about Y；about 后的宾语是 the success of Sci-Hub，注意作者评价的是「Sci-Hub 的成功」这一现象，而非 Sci-Hub 本身的合法与否。

• A)与原文相反

  relieved 意为「松一口气」，要求事情向好转的方向收尾；原文却说现行生态 has lost legitimacy、必须被改造——情势恶化中，谈不上 relieved。

• B)无中生有

  puzzled 意为「困惑、看不懂」，需要文本中出现「不明白/疑问」的信号；作者的论证非常明确——他知道 Sci-Hub 为何出现、并主张体系必须改变，毫无困惑可言。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed↔Concerned
  • The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub↔Concerned

  把段内 drastic / illegal / lost legitimacy / must be transformed 四处评价词合并看，作者的态度极性是负向的忧虑——对应 Concerned 是唯一与预判极性一致的选项。

• D)偷换概念

  encouraged 表「受到鼓舞」，意味着作者把 Sci-Hub 视为正面榜样；但原文用 drastic, and thoroughly illegal 给它打了负标签，作者只是借其成功反推体系失效，并非为其欢呼。

It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms____ 用 It can be learned 表「可推知」，要求一步逻辑延伸，而非原文字面复述。

It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms____ 主句 It can be learned from… that… 是常见推断引导句；from 短语限定证据范围、that 从句承载推断对象，主语是 open access terms。

• A)✓ 正确
  • paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release↔allow publishers some room to make money
  • Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article↔allow publishers some room to make money

  预判「保留盈利窗口」与 allow publishers some room to make money 的语义完全一致，且 some 这种温和限定词与原文「先一年付费墙」「转向作者收费」的现实力度相称，过强或过弱的选项都不及它。

• B)无中生有

  原文从头到尾在谈费用与利润，没有任何句子说开放获取让科学家「发表（publishing）」变得更容易；相反，科学家还要承担 fees 从 £500 to £5,000 不等，反而更难。

• C)与原文相反

  原文明确指出 the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation——成本不仅没大幅下降，反而稳步上涨且高于通胀，与 reduce substantially 完全相反。

• D)过度推断

  原文第 6 段开门见山：Yet the new system has not yet worked out any cheaper for the universities——开放获取尚未让大学省钱，更谈不上「让大学摆脱财务负担」。

Which of the following characterizes the scientific publishing model? 问的是「哪一项能概括这一模式」，答案须覆盖全文，是典型主旨题。

Which of the following characterizes the scientific publishing model? 主语是 Which of the following，谓语 characterizes 接宾语 the scientific publishing model；正确项作为主语应能合理担任「概括者」的角色。

• A)无中生有

  全文谈的是订阅费、利润、论文准备费等，未提及任何「trial subscription（试用订阅）」机制；这是一个原文完全没有出现的商业概念。

• B)与原文相反

  原文恰好相反：劳动是为了 the hope of status 而被免费付出——status 才是劳动的回报筹码，并非「劳动战胜了地位」；将「劳动追求地位」反读为「劳动击败地位」完全颠倒原文。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation 明确成本上涨且超通胀，与 well controlled（被良好控制）正面冲突。

• D)✓ 正确
  • labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places↔The few feed on the many
  • they will supply the articles without monetary reward↔The few feed on the many
  • made profits of more than £900m last year↔The few feed on the many

  末段类比 huge profits are made by a few big firms vs labour is provided free 与 The few feed on the many 几乎是字面对应；同时 D 覆盖了全文五个区间共同的核心结构——少数与多数之间的不对称依附。