whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句里充当动词宾语或介词宾语（to whom / most of whom），书面正式。真题里它常与介词或数量词搭配出现，是学术文体的标志之一。
英语六级真题里 whom 引导的从句共 26 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句；本页按从句类型分节，精选 24 句真题例句（出自 20 套真题卷，句长 9–49 词）。 每节先给该类型的实例计数与所属从句族入口，再逐句给出例句：高亮从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷； 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。
判断要点 从句缺的是宾语且先行词是人时用 whom；见到"介词 + whom"或"数量词 + of whom"，直接按后置修饰整块切出。
本页精选的 24 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF，可免费下载，PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。
As opposed to the ancestors Tocqueville compares us to, we do not know the people with whom we have to do, in either the economic or the political sphere.
与托克维尔将我们与之比较的祖先不同，我们不认识我们必须与之打交道的人，无论是在经济领域还是政治领域。
"with whom we have to do" 修饰先行词 "the people",说明"我们与之打交道的人"。关系词 "whom" 与前置介词 "with" 构成介词宾语,整个从句限定 "people",没有逗号隔开,所以是限制性定语从句。
"If Stable Diffusion and similar products are allowed to continue to operate as they do now, the foreseeable result is they will replace the very artists whose stolen works power these AI products with whom they are competing," the law firm wrote in a press release.
“如果允许 Stable Diffusion 及类似产品继续以目前的方式运营，可以预见的结果是：它们将取代那些作品被窃取、为这些与其竞争的 AI 产品提供动力的艺术家。”该律师事务所在一份新闻稿中写道。
"with whom they are competing"是修饰"artists"的限制性定语从句，介词"with"前置，"whom"作"with"的宾语，表示这些 AI 产品正在与哪些艺术家竞争。
We protect our children obsessively from every harm; we scrutinize every carer, teacher or doctor with whom they come into contact.
我们过度保护我们的孩子免受一切伤害；我们仔细审查每一个他们接触到的照顾者、老师或医生。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"every carer, teacher or doctor"。关系代词"whom"在从句中充当介词"with"的宾语,介词前置(正式用法)。从句主语"they"指代"our children",谓语"come into contact"与介词"with"构成固定搭配"come into contact with"(接触)。无逗号隔开,属限制性定语从句,删去则"我们审查的对象范围"不明。
You simply communicate photographs and catchy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have "friended" or "followed" based on an accidental interaction.
你只是简单地将照片和吸引人的帖子传达给一群你基于偶然互动而“加为好友”或“关注”的不同人群。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "people"。关系代词 "whom" 在从句中作动词 "have friended" 和 "have followed" 的宾语,引导词后跟 "you have 'friended' or 'followed'"(你已经 "加为好友" 或 "关注" 的),从句内部有并列结构 "friended or followed",且使用了现在完成时态。无逗号隔开,属于限制性定语从句,用于限定 "people" 的范围。
They are the people about whom history is written.
他们就是历史所记载的那些人。
限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "the people"，关系代词 "whom" 作介词 "about" 的宾语（介词前置结构 "about whom"），从句主语 "history"、谓语 "is written"（被动语态）。从句完整表达 "history is written about whom (= the people)"，无逗号隔开且对先行词起限定作用，符合限制性定语从句特征。
This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group, although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not practical.
这种标准的美式风格已被强加于每个 ethnic group，尽管对许多群体来说这个理想并不实际。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"many groups"。关系代词whom在从句中作介词for的宾语,构成"for whom"介词前置结构。从句主语是"the ideal",谓语是"is not practical",无逗号隔离,符合限制性定语从句特征。
As you acquire a distinctive identity your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally.
当你获得一种独特的身份时，你的态度会被那些你所认同的人的行为进一步塑造——你的家人、与你同性别和同文化的人以及你所钦佩的人，即使你可能并不认识他们本人。
限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "those",引导词 "whom" 在从句中作介词 "with" 的宾语,构成 "with whom" 结构,表示"与之认同的那些人"。从句完整表达为 "you identify with whom",介词前置形成正式书面语结构。
Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry professionals, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer.
酒店行业企业现在不是由行业专业人士而是由服务的目标人群——顾客来进行排名、分析和比较。
关系代词 "whom" 作介词 "for" 的宾语(介词前置),修饰先行词 "the very people",从句内部 "the service is intended (for whom)" 有宾语缺口。无逗号隔开,属限制性定语从句,限定 "people" 的范围为 "服务所针对的人"。
We like to work with people who are like-minded, with whom we share a common interest, or who also believe in a cause we are serious about.
我们喜欢与志趣相投的人工作，我们与他们有着共同的兴趣，或者他们也信仰一个我们认真对待的事业。
限制性定语从句修饰 "people"，介词 "with" 前置，关系代词 "whom" 在从句中作 "with" 的宾语。从句主语 "we"，谓语 "share"，宾语 "a common interest"。介词前置为较正式的书面用法。
But the highly anxious people in this study represent individuals who are managing their anxiety and for whom anxiety is not a serious problem.
但是本研究中高度焦虑的人群代表了那些正在管理自己焦虑情绪的个体，并且对于这些个体来说，焦虑并不是一个严重的问题。
限制性定语从句,与前一定语从句并列修饰"individuals"。介词"for"前置,关系代词"whom"作介词宾语(for sb.),从句主干为"anxiety is not a serious problem",系表结构。"介词+关系代词"是正式书面语标志,口语中常说"who…for"。两个定语从句通过"and"并列,共同限定先行词范围。
Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.
此类指控忽视了这些机构持续为学生在工作中取得成功、在公民生活中进行深思熟虑的参与、进行终身学习以及理解世界和与他们共同生活的人做准备的事实。
限制性定语从句修饰先行词"those"（指人）。关系代词"whom"在从句中作介词"with"的宾语（介词前置："with whom"），从句内部"they live"缺少介词宾语，关系词填补该缺口。无逗号隔开，删去则"those"指代不明，属限制性定语从句。
Stay connected to those whom they may not otherwise get to know and befriend.
与那些他们在其他情况下可能无法认识和结交的人保持联系。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "those",关系代词 "whom" 在从句中作 "get to know" 和 "befriend" 两个并列动词的共同宾语。无逗号隔开,对先行词起限定作用,删去后 "those" 所指不明。
It has opened doors for businesses and allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwise get to follow.
它为企业打开了大门，并使我们能够与那些我们原本可能无法关注的人保持联系。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "people"。关系代词 "whom" 在从句中作动词 "follow" 的宾语(get to follow whom),从句主谓宾完整(we... get to follow)但 "whom" 占据宾语位置形成缺口。无逗号与先行词隔开,删去后主句 "stay connected to people" 意义不完整(不知道是哪些人),符合限制性定义。
It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world to improve the well being not only of yourself, important as that may be, but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.
它是在现实世界中更明智且更有效地进行干预以改善福祉的手段，不仅是你自己的福祉——尽管这可能很重要——还有你周围人的福祉以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种的福祉。
"whom" 是关系代词，引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "other species"。"with whom" 中 "whom" 在从句内充当介词 "with" 的宾语，完整语序为 "we share the planet with other species"，这里介词 "with" 前置到关系词之前，是书面语正式用法。
Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's "Let's Move!" campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyonce, and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.
目前，对米歇尔·奥巴马的“让我们动起来！”运动的批评日益增多，该运动通过鼓励青少年进行更多体育活动来对抗儿童肥胖症，并已签约歌手碧昂斯和篮球运动员沙奎尔·奥尼尔，这两人也都为汽水代言，而汽水是导致肥胖流行的一个主要因素。
该从句由 "both of whom" 引导，补充说明前面的 "singer Beyonce" 和 "basketball player Shaquille O'Neal" 两人。"whom" 作介词 "of" 的宾语，整个 "both of whom" 在从句中作主语成分，谓语是 "endorse"，因此是非限制性定语从句。
Agok is just one of the hundreds of millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa, many of whom are business owners, who still do not have dependable electricity.
Agok 只是撒哈拉以南非洲数亿人口中的一员，他们中的许多人是企业主，却至今仍没有可靠的电力供应。
这是非限制性定语从句，位于逗号构成的插入说明中，补充说明前面的"people"。在"many of whom"中，"whom"是介词"of"的宾语，整个从句说明其中许多人是企业主。
The study used data from 248 participants, all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two consecutive weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.
该研究使用了来自248名参与者的数据，所有参与者都回答了关于他们连续两周行为的问题，并在其中一周佩戴了音频设备。
该从句由逗号与先行词“248 participants”隔开，使用关系代词“whom”构成“all of whom”这一部分整体，补充说明这些参与者做了什么，因此是非限制性定语从句。“whom”指代“participants”，在“of whom”中作介词“of”的宾语；从句内部谓语为并列的“answered”和“wore”。
She was sobbing at the dinner table with her parents, with whom she had just moved back in.
她正和父母在餐桌旁哭泣，她刚刚搬回去和他们一起住。
这是非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词 parents 隔开。关系代词 whom 在从句中作介词 with 的宾语(介词前置结构 "with whom"),从句主语是 she,谓语是 had moved back in,整体修饰并补充说明 parents——她刚搬回去和父母同住。
In the first study, three-year-olds watched two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom they'd met once two years earlier.
在第一项研究中，三岁儿童观看两个并排播放的视频，每个视频都有不同的研究人员出镜，其中一位研究人员是他们两年前见过一次的。
关系代词"whom"指代先行词"a different researcher",在从句中作"met"的宾语。从句前有逗号分隔(逗号在"researcher"之后),删除后主句"each featuring a different researcher"仍完整,只是失去补充信息。从句结构是"they had met whom once two years earlier",关系词前置形成定语从句。
Two talented young executives, one of whom I was managing, had vastly different accounts of the same event, and it seemed likely we'd never get to the truth.
两位有才华的年轻高管，其中一位是我正在管理的，对同一事件有着截然不同的描述，而且我们似乎永远也无法得知真相。
非限制性定语从句，用逗号与先行词 "Two talented young executives" 隔开。关系代词 "whom" 指代先行词中的 "one"，在从句中作 "was managing" 的宾语。补充说明其中一位高管是"我"管理的，删去后主句仍完整。
The study involved 750 people, half of whom frequently ate vegetarian food and half of whom rarely ate it.
该研究涉及750人，其中一半经常吃素食，另一半很少吃素食。
"half of whom rarely ate it" 与前一个 "half of whom frequently ate vegetarian food" 并列，同样补充说明先行词 "750 people"，不是限制其范围，因此是非限制性定语从句。关系词 "whom" 指代 "people"，在 "of whom" 中作介词宾语，"half of whom" 整体作从句主语。
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.
机器也难以对长得非常相像的人进行调整——要么是长相极相似的人，机器难以将他们识别为两个不同的人；要么是同一个人出现在不同年龄或不同光线条件下的不同照片中，机器会错误地将其视为不同的人。
非限制性定语从句，由"whom"引导，修饰先行词"doppelgangers"。前有破折号（相当于逗号）与先行词分隔，提供补充说明。"whom"在从句中充当"identifying"的宾语，"the machine"为从句主语，"would have trouble"为谓语，"as two separate people"为宾语补足语。
In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues—many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies.
数据科学家Karthik Ram表示，在某些情况下，当资深同事——其中许多人是选拔和晋升委员会的负责人——可能会嘲笑他们可能认为是错位精力的东西时，初级研究人员可能难以接受开放性。
"of whom" 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "senior colleagues"。whom 在从句中作介词 of 的宾语,"many of whom" 整体作从句主语。从句主干 "many head committees" 说明这些资深同事中的许多人主持评选和晋升委员会,补充说明他们的权力地位。破折号标志非限制性,仅作补充说明。
While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose(取消赎回权) on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money.
当华尔街高管们利用他们昂贵的律师来确保他们的阶层不会因2008年危机如此形象地揭露的不当行为而被追究责任时，银行滥用我们的法律体系来取消抵押贷款的赎回权并驱逐租户，其中一些租户甚至不欠钱。
修饰先行词 "tenants"，用 "some of whom" 引导，whom 在从句中作介词 of 的宾语。从句补充说明：部分租户甚至不欠钱。逗号隔开表非限制性，删去后主句仍完整。
英语六级真题中 whom 引导的从句共标注出 26 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句：whom 引导的限制性定语从句 14 处、whom 引导的非限制性定语从句 12 处。本页从中精选 24 句真题例句，出自 20 套真题卷，句长 9–49 词（平均 30 词），CEFR 等级构成为 C1 19 句、C2 4 句、B2 1 句。每句以高亮标出从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置，并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。
关于 whom 引导的从句在英语六级真题中的类型分布与判断方法，最常被问到的问题。
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