2000年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 23–26 题答案与解析

题干 In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was____ 是对客观事实（西方人如何看待战后日本）的判断，未出现 infer/suggest/imply 等推理动词。

句子主干为 the postwar Japan was____，前置状语 In the Westerners' eyes 表视角；考生需理解 the postwar Japan 是被评价对象、Westerners 是评价主体，二者一旦对调即整句失真。

• A)与原文相反

  under aimless development 即"漫无目的地发展"，而原文明确说 Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan，A 项与原文极性相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the envy of the United States and Europe↔a positive example
  • Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan↔a positive example

  预判"令西方艳羡的正面对象"与 a positive example 完全同义；其余选项均与定位句极性或对象不符。

• C)无中生有

  a rival to the West（西方的对手）暗含敌对/竞争关系，原文只说西方对日本生产率与社会和谐"艳羡"，未提任何对抗或竞争关系。

• D)与原文相反

  on the decline 指"在走下坡路"，而原文说战后日本生产率与社会和谐 the envy of the United States and Europe，是上升/榜样状态；本段后文谈"工作道德下滑"是另一话题，不能套到"西方人眼中的战后日本"上。

According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for 要求按作者明示的归因作答，原文有显式因果句，不需考生跨段推理。

情态动词 may 与 chiefly 共同限定 be responsible for：may 留出措辞余地、chiefly 排除次要原因；考生若漏看 chiefly，会被原文里的次要原因（如教育、工作不满）干扰。

• A)与原文相反

  Women's participation in social activities is limited. 与原文 an entry of women into the male-dominated job market 极性相反——原文说女性正在进入职场，而非受限。

• B)答非所问

  More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. 对应 far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs，原文有此事实，但它只是道德下滑的表现/伴随现象，不是作者明示的"主因"——主因明示在第 4 段 that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles。

• C)偷换概念

  Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics. 把 often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics 的"外国人对基础教育的赞赏"偷换成"过度强调基础"；原文用 often praised 是肯定语气，并未说 excessive，且这是教育层面而非道德下滑主因。

• D)✓ 正确
  • With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households↔The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
  • But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles↔The life-style has been influenced by Western values.

  预判主因为"日本生活方式"；而原文上一段 liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities 已交代该生活方式来源——美国占领后的自由改革，The life-style has been influenced by Western values 正是这一链条的整合表述。

Which of the following is true according to the author 四个选项均是关于日本教育的事实陈述，正确项与原文存在直接同义替换关系，无需跨段推理。

题干为不完整疑问 Which of the following is true according to the author____，下划线只是版式残留；考生若误读为"作者认为以下哪项不正确"会全题反向；according to the author 是限定状语，过滤掉 Kaifu 等他人引语。

• A)无中生有

  Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder. 原文 often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics 中赞赏的内容是"重视基础"，并非"帮助年轻人攀登社会阶梯"；社会阶梯一词出现在 climbing Japan's rigid social ladder，是青少年付出的代价而非教育被赞之处，两处被强行拼接。

• B)与原文相反

  Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity. 把 mechanical learning 与 creativity 并列；原文明确二者对立——stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression 与 personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression↔More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
  • "Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,"↔More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.

  预判"作者主张抬高创造力培养"与 More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity 完全同义；其他三项均与作者立场或原文事实冲突。

• D)与原文相反

  Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 把原文 Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. 的因果颠倒——原文是"对应试压抑的挫败 → 辍学"，选项倒成"辍学 → 对应试的挫败"。

The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____ 要求选出原文已陈述的事实，四个选项均为可证伪的客观陈述，无推理动词。

句子主干 The change...is revealed in the fact that____，that 引导同位语从句承载"事实内容"；考生若把 reveal（揭示）误解成"导致"或"掩盖"会全题失真。

• A)✓ 正确
  • as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell↔the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life
  • the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter↔the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life

  预判"对不适忍耐力下降"与 the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life 完全同义；其余选项均与原文事实或方向冲突。

• B)与原文相反

  the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.（日本离婚率超过美国）与原文 still well below that of the United States 直接相反——原文明示日本离婚率仍"远低于"美国。

• C)与原文相反

  the Japanese endure more than ever before（日本人比以前更能忍）与原文 the discomfort is beginning to tell 与 Muro 引语 only how much you can endure 的语境相反——原文要点是"忍受到达临界、开始忍不下去"，并非更能忍。

• D)与原文相反

  the Japanese appreciate their present life（欣赏当下生活）与全段基调相反——原文用 lengthy commutes、crowded living conditions、divorce rate...increased by more than 50 percent、suicides have increased 渲染负面状态。