2018年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

Who will be most threatened by automation? 直接问"谁"，答案是文本里写明的具体群体，无须推理。

Who will be most threatened by automation? 主干是 Who will be threatened，most 修饰过去分词作表语，by automation 是被动施动者。结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  What happens when the robots come for their jobs? 提到 the next presidential campaign，是说政客不会谈这个话题，并非政客本身受自动化威胁。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots 显式说明低收入工作机器人不感兴趣，恰恰"不"受威胁；选项与原文反向。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 The rich own the robots, so they will be fine 显式说明机器人所有者"没事"，与"受威胁"反向。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the middle class disproportionately squeezed↔Middle-class workers
  • many middle-class occupations – trucking, financial advice, software engineering – have aroused their interest↔Middle-class workers

  预判"中产最受威胁"与选项 Middle-class workers 字面对应；A/B/C 三项与原文显式陈述相反或无关。

best represents the author's view 求的是覆盖全文的态度/观点，而不是某一段细节。

Which of the following best represents the author's view? Which 引导特殊疑问，best 修饰动词 represents，author's view 作宾语。结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  A 项 Worries about automation are in fact groundless 说担忧毫无根据；但作者在 P2 明列"中产被挤压"、在 P3 用 But 强调"中期内需帮助"、在 P7 称政策"不可或缺"，全文都在确认担忧有据。

• B)过度推断

  原文 Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past 与 Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work 实际上认可乐观派的长期判断；作者只反对"中期内不需帮助"，并未说乐观观点"几乎没有支持"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting↔Issues arising from automation need to be tackled
  • But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable↔Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

  C 项 Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 既承认 Issues（问题真实），又提出 need to be tackled（须解决），与预判两层完全契合。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting 和 policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable 都是"帮助适应"，不是"完全避免"；this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation 反而承认"被自动化颠覆的人很难被安慰"，负面后果客观存在。

Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on____ 是补全句，填的是教育应强调的具体内容，须回原文取词。

Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on____ 主语 Education 带后置介词短语修饰，谓语 should put、宾语 more emphasis，on 后接的空位待填。结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • creativity and complex communication↔creative potential

  四个选项中只有 A 含 creative 词根，与定位句 more on 后的 creativity 直接对应；其余三项均不在 more on 的指向范围内。

• B)无中生有

  本段提到 fostering problem-solving skills 与 helping students work alongside robots，但都不是"求职技能"；原文未出现 job-hunting 概念。

• C)无中生有

  Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable 谈的是"价格可负担"，不是"针对个体差异"；individual needs 在原文无对应。

• D)偷换概念

  complex communication 与 work alongside robots 都隐含"协同"，但不等于"合作精神"作为教育的强调重点；原文 more on 后只列出 creativity 与 complex communication，未把"合作精神"作为单独强调项。

The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at____ 是补全句，填的是税收政策的具体目的，可在原文中找到对应陈述。

The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at____ suggest 引导虚拟语气从句，从句省略 should，谓语用动词原形 be aimed at。注意 suggest "建议"用法下从句动词原形是固定考点，不是病句。

• A)与原文相反

  原文政策目的是"应对"自动化带来的负面收入分化，不是"鼓励"自动化本身；本段从头到尾没有"促进自动化"的字样。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文 Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded 减税与补贴的对象是"低薪劳动"，目的是提高劳动者收入；不是提高"资本投资回报"，恰是相反方向。

• C)偷换概念

  段末 boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality 列的是"减不平等"，不是"缓解贫富之间的敌意"；hostility（敌意）是情感层面，原文谈的是物质收入层面，不等价。

• D)✓ 正确
  • because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income↔preventing the income gap from widening

  预判"防止差距扩大"与 D 项 preventing the income gap from widening 字面对应；A/B/C 三项都偏离"防止收入差距扩大"这一目的。

In this text, the author presents a problem with____ 求的是"作者用什么方式呈现问题"，覆盖全文论述结构。

In this text, the author presents a problem with____ 主干是 the author presents a problem，with 后空位待填修饰 problem 的方式。结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  原文仅在 P3 提及 Optimists 一处他人观点，作者随即用 But 收束并转入方案，全文主体是"方案陈述"而非"观点对立"；选项 opposing views on it 把次要环节当主结构，与文章重心错位。

• B)✓ 正确
  • The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training↔possible solutions to it
  • Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought↔possible solutions to it

  预判"提出问题+给出多种解决方案"与 B 项 possible solutions to it 完美对应；it 指首段提出的 problem，solutions 复数正对应文中三项并列方案。

• C)与原文相反

  作者在 P3 明确说 This isn't to be alarmist（这不是危言耸听）以自我克制；alarming impacts（惊人冲击）不是本文的叙述基调。

• D)无中生有

  原文未对"自动化"分类（如工业自动化、办公自动化、AI 等）也未对其表现形式做分门别类的讨论；major variations（主要变种）在原文无对应。