whose 是关系词的所有格，后面必须紧跟名词（whose + 名词），表示"其/…的"，先行词可以是人也可以是物。它把"甲的乙"压进从句，是定语从句里信息密度最高的引导词。
考研英语真题里 whose 引导的从句共 33 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句；本页按从句类型分节，精选 31 句真题例句（出自 24 套真题卷，句长 14–57 词）。 每节先给该类型的实例计数与所属从句族入口，再逐句给出例句：高亮从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷； 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。
判断要点 见到 whose 先把"whose + 名词"看作一个整体成分，再判断这个整体在从句里作主语还是宾语；翻译时展开成"这个人/这个东西的…"。
本页精选的 31 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF，可免费下载，PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。
Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.
其课外活动有益于其社区的学生有可能获得奖学金。
限制性定语从句修饰先行词"Students",关系代词"whose"在从句中作定语修饰"extracurricular activity",从句主干为"extracurricular activity has benefited their community",无逗号隔开、限定了哪类学生,删去则"Students are likely to win a scholarship"语义过于宽泛。
They are profitable institutions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.
它们是盈利机构，其底线远比动物的状况重要得多。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"institutions"。关系代词"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"bottom line",表示所属关系。从句内部是主系表结构"bottom line is important",带有比较级修饰"more important"和than引导的比较对象"than the condition of the animals"。比较结构是从句谓语的一部分,不单独拆分为子从句。
For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.
对于个体公司而言，诱惑总是解雇那些技能不再被需要的工人，并用那些技能被需要的工人取代他们。
"whose skills are" 是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "those"(指代工人),关系代词 "whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "skills"。从句使用了省略结构,完整应为 "whose skills are in demand",句末省略了与前文重复的 "in demand",形成对比。
That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
那是因为他们不可避免地将清洁空气的成本转嫁给个体司机——他们必须支付费用或购买更好的车辆——而不是转嫁给汽车制造商，其欺诈行为是我们有毒污染的真正原因。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "the car manufacturers",关系词 "whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "cheating",表示所属关系。从句主语 "whose cheating",系动词 "is",表语 "the real cause of our toxic pollution",结构完整。
The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.
工业革命对于那些工作被机械化织布机取代的卢德派成员来说并不顺利，但它最终提高了生活水平，并创造了比其摧毁的更多的就业机会。
这是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"Luddites"。关系代词"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"jobs",表示所属关系(Luddites的工作)。从句主语是"jobs",谓语是被动语态"were displaced",介词短语"by mechanized looms"表施动者。无逗号隔开,删去则"Luddites"所指不明,符合限制性定语从句特征。
To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
要认识到戏剧活动是多么伟大，我们必须进一步记住，大量的戏剧已经失传，并且可能没有任何著名作家的全部作品得以留存。
"whose" 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "author","whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "entire work"。从句表示 "其全部作品得以保存",对先行词进行限定。
We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.
我们将这种售出媒体定义为自有媒体，其流量非常大，以至于其他组织在这个环境中投放他们的内容或电子商务引擎。
限制性定语从句,由关系代词 "whose" 引导,修饰先行词 "owned media",无逗号隔开。"whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "traffic"(whose traffic = the traffic of owned media)。从句内部包含 "so...that..." 结果状语从句。
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
因此，现代世界日益充斥着智能小装置，我们几乎注意不到它们的存在，但它们的普遍存在已减少了大量人类劳动。
限制性定语从句，与前一个 "whose" 从句并列，共同修饰先行词 "intelligent gizmos"。关系代词 "whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "universal existence"，表示所属关系。从句内部为主动语态完整句 "(whose universal existence) has removed much human labor"，主语为 "whose universal existence"。
Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.
这里有一个问题重重的企业，它一直雇佣那些态度极大地惹恼顾客的员工。
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "employees"。关系代词 "whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "attitudes"，表示所属关系（员工的态度）。从句结构为 "whose attitudes(主语) + vastly annoy(谓语) + the customers(宾语)"。无逗号，限定员工的特征，符合限制性定语从句。
It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.
它列出了许多从法国驻西班牙军队缴获的密码文件，而这些文件的秘密已被英国总部的一名军官乔治·斯科维尔的工作所揭示。
限制性定语从句，关系词 "whose" 引导，修饰先行词 "documents"（与前一从句并列，共同修饰同一先行词）。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "secrets"（whose secrets = the secrets of the documents）。从句主干为 "secrets had been revealed"，介词短语 "by the work of..." 作方式状语，"one George Scovell" 后接同位语 "an officer in British headquarters"。
It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.
它还承诺不部署其使用会违反国际法或人权的人工智能。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"AI",由关系代词"whose"引导。"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"use",构成"whose use"(它的使用)。从句内部为完整主谓宾结构:"whose use"作主语,"would violate"作谓语,"international laws or human rights"作宾语。该从句与先行词无逗号隔开,限定了承诺不部署的AI的具体范围——使用会违反国际法或人权的AI,删去则"AI"外延过宽、句意不完整。
On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.
这里展出的是各种奇幻元素，其在某种基本层面上的所指似乎是自然界。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"fantasy elements"。关系词"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"reference",表示"这些幻想元素的指涉对象"。从句内部结构为"whose reference seems to be the natural world",插入成分"at some basic level"是方式状语,修饰整个从句谓语"seems to be"。从句对先行词起限定作用,说明的是哪些幻想元素——那些在某种基本层面上似乎指涉自然世界的元素。
Users could select which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.
用户可以选择加入哪个系统，并且只有身份已被认证的注册用户可以浏览那些系统。
这是一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "registered users",无逗号隔开。关系代词 "whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "identities",表示所属关系(用户的身份)。从句使用现在完成时被动语态 "have been authenticated",说明身份已被认证的状态。
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
对于那些尚未意识到这种不利因素的人来说，这指的是对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分字母开头的人的歧视。
关系词 "whose" 引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "those","whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "surnames"。从句主干为 "surnames begin with a letter",介词短语 "in the lower half of the alphabet" 作后置定语修饰 "a letter",限定字母范围。无逗号分隔,删去则 "those" 指代不明,属典型限制性定语从句。
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.
漫无目标几乎不是战后日本的典型特征，战后日本的生产力和社会和谐是美国和欧洲羡慕的对象。
关系代词 "whose" 引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "Japan"，"whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "productivity and social harmony"。从句主干为 "productivity and social harmony are the envy"，采用主系表结构，无逗号隔开，属于限定性修饰。
America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
美国和美国人民的繁荣程度超出了那些经济被战争摧毁的欧洲人和亚洲人的梦想。
关系代词"whose"引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"the Europeans and Asians"。"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"economies"(whose economies = the economies of the Europeans and Asians)。从句主语是"the war",谓语"had destroyed",宾语是"whose economies"(关系词前置)。从句紧跟先行词且无逗号隔开,删去后"the Europeans and Asians"指代不明,属限制性定语从句。
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.
作为一名日常工作围绕特藏和数字资产的图书管理员，我与历史学家有同样的夜间恐惧，如果我说目前存在一个全面的保存解决方案，那我就是在撒谎。
"Whose"引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"librarian","whose"在从句中作定语修饰"day job"(whose day job = the librarian's day job),从句主干为"day job revolves around special collections and digital assets",说明该图书管理员的工作内容,对先行词起限定作用。
The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows or doors.
新规定将影响那些房屋扩建包含新窗户或门的人。
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "people"。关系词 "whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "home extensions"(whose home extensions = people's home extensions)，从句主语为 "home extensions"，谓语为 "include"，宾语为 "new windows or doors"。无逗号隔开，删去则 "people" 指代不明，属限制性修饰。
Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
那些被迫锻炼他们微笑肌肉的人对有趣的卡通反应比那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉状的人更热情，表明表情可能影响情绪而不仅仅是相反的情况。
关系代词"whose"引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"those",表示所属关系。"whose mouths"在从句中作主语,从句谓语是"were contracted",整体限定"那些嘴巴被缩成皱眉状的人"。从句内部结构完整,无进一步嵌套。
At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
同时，美国法律学会——一个由法官、律师和学者组成的团体，其建议具有相当的分量——发布了新的侵权法指导方针，声明公司不必警告顾客明显的危险，也不必用一长串可能的危险来轰炸他们。
关系代词"whose"引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"judges, lawyers, and academics"(或"academics"),"whose"在从句中作"recommendations"的定语(whose recommendations = their recommendations)。从句结构完整:"recommendations"作主语,"carry"作谓语,"substantial weight"作宾语。无逗号分隔,属限制性。
This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading – between passive consumption and active creation – whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
这是因为联网计算机已经引发了一场在下载与上传之间——在被动消费与主动创造之间——的秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。
非限制性定语从句，由关系代词"whose"引导，修饰先行词"war"（"whose outcome"即"战争的结果"）。从句主干是"outcome will shape our collective future"，其中"in ways"引出方式状语，而"ways"后又接定语从句"we can only begin to imagine"。
This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading – between passive consumption and active creation – whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
这是因为联网计算机已经引发了一场下载与上传之间的秘密战争——被动消费与主动创造之间的战争——其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。
whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词war，whose作outcome的定语(whose outcome = war's outcome)。从句主干为"outcome will shape future"，后接in ways方式状语，ways后又带定语从句we can only begin to imagine。
"It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.
"这真是一个非常糟糕的举动，因为那不是我的热情所在，"宁说，他关于这份工作的困境不出所料地转化成了销售业绩的缺乏。
"whose" 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "Ning"。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "dilemma"。从句用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明 Ning 的困境（对工作的两难）导致了销售业绩不佳的结果。
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia.
很少有人会质疑这个术语适用于“邮包炸弹客”，他1995年发表的宣言嘲讽科学，并渴望回到前技术时代的乌托邦。
由关系代词 "whose" 引导,修饰先行词 "the Unabomber",用逗号隔开表非限制性。"whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "manifesto",从句主干为 "manifesto... scorns science and longs for return...",两个谓语并列。中间插入过去分词短语 "published in 1995" 作后置定语修饰 "manifesto"。
The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.
20世纪90年代的“妈妈战争”至今仍在继续，引发了关于女性为何仍然不能拥有一切的争论，以及像谢丽尔·桑德伯格的《向前一步》这样的书籍，其标题本身已成为一个流行词。
该从句由关系代词 "whose" 引导,修饰先行词 "Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In"(书名),"whose" 在从句中作定语修饰 "title"。从句主干为 "title has become a buzzword",介词短语 "in its own right"(凭其自身)作状语。从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开,属非限制性定语从句,补充说明书名的影响力。
The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey – whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence – even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.
研究人员的论点源于一个关于社会影响的简单观察：除了少数像奥普拉·温弗瑞这样的名人——其巨大的影响力主要是媒体影响而非人际影响的作用——即使是一个群体中最有影响力的成员也根本不会与那么多人互动。
该从句由关系词 "whose" 引导，并被破折号隔开，对先行词 "Oprah Winfrey" 作补充说明。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "outsize presence"，从句主干为 "whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media"，属于非限制性定语从句。
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
这需要减少我们对北美市场的依赖，该市场的节目涉及与我们自己不同的经验和文化传统。
"whose"引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"the North American market",逗号隔开表补充说明。"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"programs"(whose programs = the market's programs)。从句主干为"programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions",说明"这些节目与经历和文化传统相关"。
The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
以较大优势获胜的是一家名为“开源解决方案”的弗吉尼亚小公司，其明显优势在于对电子世界的掌握。
由关系代词 "whose" 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "Open Source Solutions"，前有逗号隔开。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "clear advantage"，表示所属关系（公司的明显优势）。从句采用系表结构 "advantage was mastery"，说明该公司的优势是什么。
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力回应，他们的论点正在迷惑公众，从而威胁到健康知识和医疗护理方面的进步。
whose 引导非限制性定语从句，前有逗号分隔，补充说明先行词"animal rights advocates"。whose 是关系代词，在从句中作定语修饰 arguments（构成"whose arguments"），从句主语为"whose arguments"，谓语是并列结构"are confusing... and thereby threatening"，分别接宾语"the public"和"advances in health knowledge and care"。逗号表示补充说明而非限定，删去后主句仍完整。不能用 that，whose 不可省略，符合非限制性定语从句特征。
Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
相反，我们看到的是极好的虚伪景象，如今这些景象似乎比以往任何时候都更为充足：美国物质主义的批评家，却拥有南安普顿的避暑别墅；激进书籍的出版商，却在三星级餐厅用餐；倡导生活各阶段参与式民主的记者，其子女却就读于私立学校。
whose指代先行词"the journalist"，在从句中作定语修饰children（whose own children = the journalist's own children）。从句主语own children，谓语are enrolled，in介词短语作状语。逗号隔开，属非限制性定语从句，补充说明该记者自身子女的就学情况，与其倡导理念形成讽刺对比。
So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness?
因此，当沃斯·萨万特回答像“爱和喜爱之间的区别是什么？”这样来自普通民众（其智商为100）的问题时，这有点令人困惑。
whose 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "the average Joe"，用括号与主句隔开。whose 在从句中作定语，修饰 IQ。从句补充说明 average Joe 的智商信息。
考研英语真题中 whose 引导的从句共标注出 33 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句：whose 引导的限制性定语从句 22 处、whose 引导的非限制性定语从句 11 处。本页从中精选 31 句真题例句，出自 24 套真题卷，句长 14–57 词（平均 28 词），CEFR 等级构成为 C1 24 句、C2 4 句、B2 3 句。每句以高亮标出从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置，并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。
关于 whose 引导的从句在考研英语真题中的类型分布与判断方法，最常被问到的问题。
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