2014年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 31–35 题答案与解析

题干According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would____是“根据第一段，经济衰退会怎样”的事实补全，没有infer/imply/suggest等推断信号。

题干主干是economic downturns would____，would后接动词原形构成对未来状况的客观陈述，According to the first paragraph是状语，限定信息来源。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  ease the competition of man vs. machine说衰退“缓解”竞争，与定位句“most acutely felt”（最强烈感受到）方向完全相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns↔highlight machines' threat to human jobs

  预判“经济衰退让人机矛盾更尖锐”，highlight machines' threat to human jobs用highlight对应“most acutely felt”、用threat to human jobs对应“man versus machine”，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• C)强加因果

  provoke a painful technological revolution说衰退“引发”技术革命，但原文是技术革命让人在衰退中感受更强烈，因果关系倒置；且文中industrial revolution是历史背景而非衰退引发。

• D)偷换概念

  outmode our current economic structure说衰退会让“当前经济结构”过时；原文是technology让certain jobs过时，且未来restructure的是经济，主语和对象都被偷换。

The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that____问的是书的作者明确提出的观点，定位句即可解。

The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that____：主语authors，谓语argue，that引导宾语从句，从句内容即为待补全部分。结构直白。

• A)✓ 正确
  • jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened↔technology is diminishing man's job opportunities
  • rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology↔technology

  预判“技术让岗位变少”，A把threatened/被威胁主动化为diminishing/正在减少，且把jobs改为job opportunities，完全是论点句的同义替换。

• B)偷换概念

  automation is accelerating technological development说自动化推动技术发展；原文是技术性价比提升威胁岗位，automation与technology的因果方向被颠倒，且与原文议题（jobs）无关。

• C)与原文相反

  certain jobs will remain intact after automation说某些工作在自动化后会完好无损；原文恰恰说once thought to be immune from automation的工作如今也“suddenly become threatened”，遥遥相反。

• D)无中生有

  man will finally win the race against machine给出“人最终战胜机器”的预言，但作者全段都在论证技术对岗位的威胁，并未给出“人将胜出”的结论。

Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often____是问Hagel对美国工作的具体描述，文中有对应原句。

Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often____：主语Hagel，argues引导宾语从句；从句主语jobs，are often后接表语，待补全部分是表语成分。结构无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  performed by innovative minds说工作由“有创新头脑的人”完成；原文恰恰说工作不给individual initiative or creativity留余地，与“innovative minds”语义相反。

• B)偷换概念

  scripted with an individual style说工作“以个人风格”被脚本化；原文是“tightly scripted”+“leave no room for individual initiative”，individual被偷换成褒义的“individual style”，与原文的剥夺个人主动性方向相反。

• C)无中生有

  standardized without a clear target说工作“标准化但目标不清”；原文虽有highly standardized，但没有“目标不清”这一描述，反而第4段末说we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers——这里的target是“靶子”不是“目标”。

• D)✓ 正确
  • leave no room for individual initiative or creativity↔designed against human creativity
  • we have designed jobs in the U.S.↔designed

  预判“工作设计扼杀创造力”，D用designed against human creativity把“leave no room for individual initiative or creativity”的否定关系直接翻译成介词against，是定位句的高浓缩同义替换。

题干仅问末段两位作者“discussed”的具体内容，无推断信号词，是按段问事实。

According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed____：主语Brynjolfsson and McAfee，谓语discussed，待补全部分作宾语。结构直白。

• A)张冠李戴

  the predictability of machine behavior in practice说的是机器行为的可预测性；这一观点出现在第5段They are designed to perform very predictable activities，是Hagel的话，不属于末段两位作者讨论的内容。

• B)张冠李戴

  the formula for how work is conducted efficiently来自第5段Hagel说It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted；并且原文没有“efficiently”高效之意，且话题归属是Hagel非两位作者。

• C)与原文相反

  the ways machines replace human labor in modern times强调机器“取代”人；原文恰恰是augment human labor rather than replace it，明确否定replace。

• D)✓ 正确
  • machines can augment human labor rather than replace it↔the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
  • race against the machine as race with the machine↔human involvement

  预判“强调人在工作中的不可或缺”，D用the necessity of human involvement in the workplace精准对应“augment rather than replace”——augment和rather than replace合起来就是“人必不可少”。

题干Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?是直接的标题题问法。

Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?：which引导特殊疑问句，主语谓语清晰，附属修饰for the text限定标题对象。结构无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  How to Innovate Our Work Practices?只覆盖末段how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?那一句的局部解决方案，缺失第1-3段“机器威胁”的主问题面。

• B)与原文相反

  Machines Will Replace Human Labor是肯定句断言机器将取代人类；但作者借Brynjolfsson和McAfee之口提出augment human labor rather than replace it，反驳“取代”叙事，B正好与全文最终态度相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • reframe race against the machine as race with the machine↔Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
  • Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs↔Race Against Machines

  Can We Win the Race Against Machines?以疑问句形式同时涵盖第1段“人机赛跑、技术威胁”的问题面和第6段“重构为race with、可以赢”的回应面，且与全文反复出现的race意象直接呼应——是唯一覆盖全文主线的选项。

• D)无中生有

  Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations说“经济衰退刺激创新”；原文只在第1段提到衰退使人机矛盾尖锐，并未论证“衰退刺激创新”，且全文主线不是讨论衰退与创新的关系。