2015年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

Recruiting more first-generation students has____. 是带空格的陈述句，要求补全 "招收行为带来的结果"，问的是文中明确陈述过的客观事实。

Recruiting more first-generation students has____. 主干是动名词短语作主语 + 现在完成时 has + 空缺，空缺承担谓语后半部分；考生只需把 Recruiting more first-generation students 整体当主语看待，结构无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文明言一代生 their dropout rates are higher，根本未提招收行为降低了辍学率——选项的 reduced their dropout rates 与原文事实相反。

• B)与原文相反

  原文明言差距 continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close，而选项 narrowed the achievement gap 正好相反——差距是扩大、不是缩小。

• C)✓ 正确
  • colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them↔missed its original purpose

  预判 "招收偏离初衷" 与 missed its original purpose 直接对位——招生的 purpose 是缩小差距，结果是差距 reproduce and widen，因此 missed 成立。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 the depressing beginning of a paper 中的 depressing 修饰的是 paper 的 beginning（论文开头的论调令人沮丧），而非招生行为使学生情绪沮丧；depressed college students 把 depressing 的修饰对象偷换成了 college students。

The authors of the research article are optimistic because____. 中 because 引导一个明确的因果，要求补全文中给出的原因，属于事实型因果。

The authors of the research article are optimistic because____. 主干 The authors are optimistic + because 引导原因状语从句的空缺；考生只需明确空缺补的是 "乐观的原因"，结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未提及研究 findings appeal to students 这层关于 "对学生有吸引力" 的内容；文章谈的是研究本身的乐观，而非研究对学生的吸引力。

• B)无中生有

  原文未提到任何 recruiting rate has increased 的事实，首段只说 colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them——是推动招生意愿，而非招生率已上升；并且即便上升，也与作者乐观与否无关。

• C)✓ 正确
  • outlines a potential solution to this problem↔the problem is solvable

  预判 "问题有解" 与 the problem is solvable 完全对位，且原文 potential solution 的不确定性被 solvable 的 "可" 准确保留，无过度推断。

• D)过度推断

  原文是 next-to-no-cost（"几乎" 零成本），而非完全无成本；approach is costless 把 "几乎零" 推向 "完全零"，越过了原文的程度边界。并且作者乐观的根本理由是 "问题有解"，而不是 "方法零成本"——后者只是程序细节。

The study suggests that most first-generation students____. 问的是研究客观呈现的群体特征，是对原文事实的复述题。

The study suggests that most first-generation students____. 主干是 The study suggests + that 宾语从句；从句主语 most first-generation students 后接空缺谓语，考生注意 most 是范围限定，原文里需有量化对应。

• A)无中生有

  原文对一代生的定义是 those who do not have a parent with a college degree 或 not having a parent with a four-year college degree，从未提及他们来自 single-parent families——"无大学学位的父母" 与 "单亲家庭" 是完全不同的两个概念。

• B)以偏概全

  原文只说研究在 an unnamed private university 进行——这只是 147 名样本就读的单所私立大学，不能据此推断 "大多数一代生都在私立大学就读"。选项把研究地点偷换成全体一代生的就读地点。

• C)✓ 正确
  • recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need↔are in need of financial support

  预判 "多数一代生有经济需求" 与 are in need of financial support 完全对位，且原文同位语已将 grant 等价于 financial need 的资助，替换无歧义。

• D)过度推断

  原文说一代生 their dropout rates are higher、辍学率更高，但并未说大多数一代生 have failed their college——"辍学率较高" 与 "已经挂科/落败大学" 在程度和事实上均不同。"failed their college" 也并非原文范围。

The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students____. 问的是作者明文表达的看法，文中会有原句对应。

The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students____. 主干 authors believe + that 宾语从句；从句主语 first-generation students 后接空缺谓语，考生需找出作者对该群体性质的判断。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未提及一代生缺少 opportunities to apply for research projects 这类 "申请研究项目的机会"；作者关心的是 practical knowledge 而非 research opportunities。

• B)✓ 正确
  • lacking ... in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students↔are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

  预判 "缺应对大学问题的实操经验" 与 inexperienced in handling their issues at college 完全对位，原文 not...but... 中 but 后的肯定项被精确还原。

• C)无中生有

  原文从未提及一代生对 other students 有 potential influence 这层意思——作者讨论的是 "如何帮助一代生"，而非 "一代生反过来影响他人"。

• D)与原文相反

  原文说作者强调差距必须 must be narrowed、并提出干预方案——作者高度关切差距问题；选项却说一代生 indifferent to the achievement gap（对差距漠不关心），与原文作者关切立场及一代生处境完全相反。

We may infer from the last paragraph that____. 同时含推断信号 infer 与范围限定 last paragraph，要求基于末段做一步外推。

We may infer from the last paragraph that____. 主干 We may infer + from 介词短语限定来源 + that 宾语从句空缺；考生注意 may 是表 "可以"，不是表猜测，结构无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文是 struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education——高等教育本身就是 middle-class 文化，一代生是 navigate（适应/穿行）这种文化时遇困，而非院校 reject the culture of the middle-class。原文院校的 "问题" 是 seldom acknowledge 这种文化的存在，并非排斥它。

• B)与原文相反

  原文的因果归因明确指向院校 seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences——把责任放在院校 "不承认" 上；选项却说 students are usually to blame for their lack of resources，把责任反向甩给学生。这与作者把责任归向院校的立场相反。

• C)与原文相反

  原文是 social class can affect students' educational experiences——社会阶层是负面影响因素（与 struggle/lack insight 关联），而非 greatly helps enrich educational experiences 的正面助益。选项把 affect（中性偏负面）替换为 greatly helps enrich（强烈正面），方向与程度同时翻转。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences↔colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

  预判 "院校对一代生困境部分负责" 与 colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 完全对位，因果外推一步、保留程度限定，不越界。