2021年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

There has long been concern that broadband providers would____ 是一个待补全的客观叙述，问的是"担忧的具体内容是什么"——指向原文某句客观信息，不带 infer/imply。

There has long been concern that broadband providers would____ 是 "There be + 名词 + that 同位语从句" 结构：concern 是抽象名词，that 后面是它的内容；空格补的是 broadband providers would ____ 这个从句的谓语动词原形。结构平铺，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  bring web-based firms under control 的意思是"使互联网公司受其控制"，但原文 advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried 说的是"互联网公司"和"消费者"是 worried 的一方，不是被控制的一方；偏袒 ≠ 控制。

• B)无中生有

  slow down the traffic on their network 描述"限速"行为，原文首段并未提及，而是 favor affiliated websites over their rivals'——担忧的是"偏袒"而非"限速"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • favor affiliated websites over their rivals'↔show partiality in treating clients

  预判说的"偏袒自家、冷落对手"就是 show partiality in treating clients 的口语化版本，二者语义同心。

• D)张冠李戴

  intensify competition with their rivals 说的是宽带商与其"对手"竞争加剧，但原文 over their rivals' 中的 rivals 是被偏袒网站的对手（即"网站"的对手），不是宽带商自己的对手；且原文是"差别对待"而非"加剧竞争"。

Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC____ 要回答"FCC 做了什么动作"，指向原文一处描述 FCC 立场的客观陈述。

Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC____ 开头的 Faced with 是过去分词作状语，主语仍是 the FCC；空格里要填的是 FCC 的实际行为/态度。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  sticks to an out-of-date order 暗示 FCC 坚守旧命令；但原文 eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015 明确是"废除旧规则"，方向正好相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • eliminated the strict net neutrality rules↔takes an anti-regulatory stance
  • rejected the commission's authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything↔takes an anti-regulatory stance

  三个动作（eliminated, rejected, declared ... couldn't regulate）方向一致，全指向 anti-regulatory 这一立场。

• C)偷换概念

  has issued a special resolution 描述 FCC 出了一份特别决议；原文有的是"由共和党主笔的命令"以党派投票通过，并非"特别决议"，且通过的内容是放弃监管，不是某种特殊议案。

• D)与原文相反

  has allowed the states to intervene 说 FCC 允许各州介入；但 The order also declared that state and local governments couldn't regulate broadband providers either 明确说州和地方都不能监管，方向相反。

What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3? 限定段落、问可获知的客观信息，本质是定段细节题，不是推断题。

What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3? 是常规疑问句：learned about AT&T 是"关于 AT&T 可获知的内容"，from Paragraph 3 限定信息来源段。无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  protects against unfair competition 说 AT&T 反不公平竞争；但原文 other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior 是"其他机构"做这件事，AT&T 反而正是不公平竞争的实施者。

• B)✓ 正确
  • anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV↔engages in anti-competitive practices

  原文用 such as 把"反竞争行为"具体化为 AT&T 的偏袒动作——也就是说 AT&T 正在进行反竞争行为，恰好是 engages in anti-competitive practices。

• C)与原文相反

  It is under the FCC's investigation 说 AT&T 正受 FCC 调查；但 the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals' streaming services but not their own 说的是 FCC 终止了对那些设流量上限宽带商的调查，且原文没有点 AT&T 被调查，方向反且无依据。

• D)无中生有

  in pursuit of quality service 说 AT&T 追求高质量服务；但原文只提它偏袒自家流媒体（favoring its own video-streaming service），没说高质量，更是用作反面教材，不是赞扬。

Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court's decision____ 要复述 Millett 的明确观点，原文有逐字引语，属客观信息抽取，非主观推断。

Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court's decision____：主句主语 Judge Patricia Millett，谓语 argues，其后是 that 宾语从句；空格补的是从句的谓语，即"上诉法院的决定怎么样"。结构无陷阱，但要警惕"是谁说的"——这是 Millett 的话，不是法院本身的话。

• A)无中生有

  focus on trivialities 说判决只盯小事；但 Millett 的批评是"脱离现实"而非"专注琐事"——severity 和 focus 维度都不同。

• B)偷换概念

  conveys an ambiguous message 说判决传递的信息模糊；但 Millett 的评价 unhinged from the realities 是明确的"脱离现实"判定，并非说判决本身意思含糊。

• C)与原文相反

  is at odds with its earlier rulings 说判决与法院早先裁定相互矛盾；但 the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order ... citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move 反而说本次判决与 2005 年的裁定方向一致（都是去监管），不是矛盾；Millett 也没批评判决与早先裁定不符。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service↔is out of touch with reality

  预判说"脱节"，out of touch with reality 就是这层意思的标准英语表达——锁定 D。

What does the author argue in the last paragraph? 问的是末段所表达的作者主张，而非某细节——属于局部主旨题，要把 P6 的功能与全文走向串起来判断。

What does the author argue in the last paragraph? 是 wh- 一般疑问：author 是主语，argue 是谓语，in the last paragraph 限定范围。结构平铺无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • cry out for Congress to act↔Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality
  • create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online↔to ensure net neutrality

  预判说"国会立法保网络中立"，Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality 是一字不差的同义表达，锁 A。

• B)与原文相反

  The FCC should be put under strict supervision 说应该对 FCC 严加监督；但末段 It needs to give the commission explicit authority 说的是"应给 FCC 明确授权"——是赋权，不是监督。

• C)偷换概念

  Rules need to be set to diversify online services 说立规则要多样化在线服务；但末段 protecting openness and innovation online 强调的是"保护开放与创新"，并非"多样化服务"——目的不同。

• D)与原文相反

  Broadband providers' rights should be protected 主张保护宽带商权利；但全文从 P1 到 P6 一路批评宽带商可能偏袒自家、举 AT&T 为反竞争例证，末段更要 bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic——是限权，不是保护其权利。