who 引导定语从句，指代人并在从句里充当主语（口语中也常代替宾格 whom）。限制性与非限制性从句它都能引导，是真题里指人定语从句的默认引导词。
英语四级真题里 who 引导的从句共 629 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句；本页按从句类型分节，精选 48 句真题例句（出自 21 套真题卷，句长 10–106 词）。 每节先给该类型的实例计数与所属从句族入口，再逐句给出例句：高亮从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷； 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。
判断要点 先行词是人、从句缺主语，用 who；若 who 前有逗号则是非限制性从句，阅读时可先跳过抓主干。
本页精选的 48 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF，可免费下载，PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。
However, there are people who are permanently plagued by a massive amount of self-doubt despite delivering a good performance.
然而，有些人尽管表现出色，却始终饱受大量自我怀疑的困扰。
该从句紧跟先行词 "people"，没有逗号，用来限定“哪些人”。关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语，后面的谓语是 "are permanently plagued"，因此属于限制性定语从句；句末的 "despite delivering a good performance" 是该从句中的让步介词短语。
In addition, people who were more sensitive to quinine's bitter flavors and those found in green vegetables tended to avoid coffee.
此外，对奎宁的苦味以及绿叶蔬菜中的苦味更敏感的人，往往会避免饮用咖啡。
该从句紧跟在名词"people"之后，没有逗号，限定具体是哪一类人。关系词"who"在从句中充当主语，谓语为"were"，因此属于限制性定语从句。
They observed that there is a particularly high number of successful women who do not think they are very intelligent.
他们注意到，有相当多事业有成的女性并不认为自己非常聪明。
该从句紧跟名词 "women"，无逗号，限定哪些女性，即那些不认为自己很聪明的女性。关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语，后面接谓语 "do not think"。
In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh.
在不少段落中，她讲述了那些遭遇流水线医疗的男男女女的故事，在这种医疗模式中，病人大多被当作一块块肉体来对待。
该从句由关系代词 "who" 引导，修饰先行词 "men and women"。"who" 在从句中作主语，谓语为 "came up against"，从句限定说明这些男女是“遭遇流水线式医疗的人”。
They are the ones who, right in the middle of a critical meeting, are expected to instantly fix the projector that's no longer working.
他们是那些在重要会议进行到一半时，被期望立即修理那个不再工作的投影仪的人。
"who" 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 "the ones"；"who" 在从句中作主语，与谓语 "are expected" 构成被动结构。该从句没有逗号把它与先行词整体隔开，功能是限定说明 "the ones" 是哪一类人，因此是限制性定语从句。
Students who believed that intelligence is fixed—that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school—showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade.
那些认为智力是固定的——如果你在学校学习困难，你就会被贴上“不聪明”的标签——的学生，在九年级刚开始成绩下降时，表现出更高水平的压力荷尔蒙。
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "Students"，无逗号与先行词分隔。关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语("who believed")，从句包含两个并列的宾语从句，均作 "believed" 的宾语，用破折号连接以强调第二个宾语从句对第一个的解释说明。该从句限定了主句所指学生的范围——持有智力固定观念的那部分学生。
Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example—or one row in front of or behind that individual—had a high risk of catching the illness.
研究人员发现，只有那些例如与流感乘客坐在同一排——或在该个体前面或后面一排——的人，患上该疾病的风险很高。
who引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词people。who在从句中作主语,从句包含"were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu"以及破折号补充的并列结构"or one row in front of or behind that individual"。插入语"for example"位于从句内部但不影响从句的完整性。
Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
一旦无人驾驶汽车实际可供销售，早期采用者将是那些有能力购买它们的人。
"who" 指代先行词 "people"，并在从句 "who can afford to buy them" 中作主语。该从句无逗号隔开，用来限定是哪一类 people，即“买得起它们的人”，因此是限制性定语从句。
"It's often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.
“往往是像史蒂夫·乔布斯这样的人，他们能够从丰富多样的经验储备中汲取养分，而这些经验常常能产生突破性的想法和见解。”欧洲工商管理学院教授哈尔·格雷格森说道。
关系代词 "who" 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "people like Steve Jobs"。"who" 在从句中充当主语，从句谓语是 "can draw"，宾语是介词短语 "from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences"，该名词短语又被定语从句 "that often generate..." 修饰。
Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.
自从史蒂夫·乔布斯辞去苹果公司首席执行官以来，关于他作为一位无与伦比的商业领袖的说法很多，他为股东创造了巨大财富，并主导了热门产品的设计，这些产品正在改变整个行业，如音乐和移动通信行业。
由关系代词"who"引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"a peerless business leader"。"who"在从句中充当主语,引导一个包含并列谓语的复杂从句:"has created"和"guided"并列,共享主语"who"。从句内部还嵌套了一个定语从句"that are transforming entire industries",修饰"hit products"。整个从句无逗号隔开,紧跟先行词,限定说明这位商业领袖的具体成就。
Riddell said, "This is encouraging because these are all patients who have failed all conventional therapies, including many kinds of bone marrow and stem cell transplants."
里德尔说：“这令人鼓舞，因为这些全都是对所有常规疗法都没有反应的患者，包括多种骨髓和干细胞移植。”
该分句由关系代词 "who" 引导，修饰先行词 "patients"；"who" 在从句中作主语，谓语是 "have failed"，说明这些患者是已经经历并未受益于常规疗法的人，删去后 "patients" 的范围会变得不明确。
"You'd expect that people who are particularly sensitive to the bitter taste of caffeine would drink less coffee," said study senior researcher Marilyn Cornelis.
“按理说，那些对咖啡因的苦味特别敏感的人应该会少喝咖啡，”该研究的高级研究员玛丽莲·科尼利斯说。
该从句紧跟名词 "people"，无逗号，限定特定的人群。关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语，因此属于限制性定语从句。
What do we learn from the passage about people who suffer from the so-called Impostor Phenomenon?
从这篇文章中，我们了解到那些患有所谓“冒名顶替现象”的人有哪些情况？
该从句紧跟先行词“people”，没有逗号，限定具体是哪一类人；关系代词“who”在从句中作主语，后接谓语“suffer”。
There are candidates who wash dishes, go for walks, or do grocery shopping during the interview.
有些候选人在面试期间洗碗、散步或去买日用品。
这是限制性定语从句，关系代词“who”在从句中充当主语，修饰并限定先行词“candidates”。从句列出候选人在面试期间可能进行的三项并列活动；没有逗号，删去后会丢失对候选人的限定信息。
Applicants who don't ask questions at the end of an interview most probably ruin their chance of getting the position.
面试结束时不提问的申请人很可能会毁掉他们获得该职位的机会。
该从句紧跟先行词 "Applicants"，没有逗号，限定申请人的范围；关系词 "who" 在从句中充当主语，后接谓语 "don't ask"，因此是限制性定语从句。
People who systematically underestimate themselves and their own performance suffer from the so-called Impostor Phenomenon.
那些总是低估自己及自身表现的人，会受到所谓“冒名顶替现象”的困扰。
“who systematically underestimate themselves and their own performance”紧跟先行词“People”，无逗号，限定哪些People会遭受该现象。“who”在从句中作主语，谓语是“underestimate”，宾语是“themselves and their own performance”，因此属于限制性定语从句。
Put another way, people who have a heightened ability to taste the bitterness of coffee learn to associate "good things with it," Cornelis said.
换句话说，那些对咖啡苦味具有更强感知能力的人，会逐渐学会将“美好的事物与咖啡联系起来”，科内利斯说。
该从句紧跟先行词 "people"，没有逗号，用来限定 people 的范围；关系词 "who" 在从句中作 "have" 的主语，因此是限制性定语从句。
Residents who met certain income qualifications could qualify for $1,200.
符合特定收入条件的居民可获得 1,200 美元。
该从句紧跟名词“Residents”，没有逗号，限定哪些居民能够获得资格；关系词“who”在从句中作主语，后接完整谓语“met”和宾语“certain income qualifications”，因此属于限制性定语从句。
Overall, women who were highly fit compared to those who were moderately fit decreased their risk of dementia by 88%.
总体而言，与体能中等的女性相比，体能非常好的女性患痴呆症的风险降低了88%。
该从句紧跟先行词“women”，用于限定所讨论的是哪些女性；关系代词“who”指代“women”，并在从句中充当“were”的主语。前面没有逗号隔开，删去后研究对象的关键限定会丢失，因此属于限制性定语从句。
At the moment, those who change jobs get an average 7.3% raise every year, while those who stay get a 5.4% raise.
目前，那些更换工作的人每年平均获得7.3%的加薪，而那些留下来的人获得5.4%的加薪。
关系代词 "who" 指代先行词 "those"，并在从句中充当主语；"change jobs" 是谓语部分。该从句限定 "those" 所指的是换工作的人，不能随意删除。
Three-quarters of hiring managers said they'd be more likely to hire an over-45 who had relevant education, training or credentials(文凭).
四分之三的招聘经理表示，他们更有可能雇用45岁以上且拥有相关教育、培训或文凭的人。
该从句紧跟先行词 "an over-45"，无逗号隔开，限定说明是哪一种45岁以上的人；关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语，谓语是 "had"，宾语是 "relevant education, training or credentials"。
Older workers who've actively engaged in more education and training relevant to their jobs turn this pretty much on its head.
那些积极参与了更多与自身工作相关的教育和培训的年长员工，几乎完全颠覆了这一点。
该从句由关系代词 "who" 引导，修饰先行词 "workers"，且前面没有逗号，限定“哪些年长员工”。"who" 在从句内部作主语，谓语为 "have actively engaged"，因此是限制性定语从句。
When Janette Sadik-Khan was the head of New York City's Transportation Department back in the early 2000s, she oversaw a rollout(推出) of bike lanes — and got angry blowback from residents and business owners who claimed there weren't enough cyclists to justify installing lanes.
当珍妮特·萨迪克-康在21世纪初担任纽约市交通局局长时，她监督了自行车道的推出——并收到了来自居民和企业主的愤怒抵制，他们声称没有足够的骑行者来证明安装车道是合理的。
"who claimed there weren't enough cyclists to justify installing lanes" 紧跟先行词 "residents and business owners"，无逗号隔开，限定说明是哪一类居民和商户。关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语，谓语是 "claimed"，所以这是限制性定语从句。
What can we assume about babies who appear upset upon waking?
关于醒来时显得不安的婴儿，我们能假定什么？
限制性定语从句,关系代词"who"引导,修饰先行词"babies","who"在从句中作主语。从句谓语为"appear upset","upon waking"为时间状语修饰appear,整个从句对babies进行限定,指"醒来时显得不安的婴儿"这一特定群体,删去后主句会失去关键信息。
We also loved visiting the potter(陶艺家) Sarah Harrison, who showed us round her studio at Shoal Bay harbour, and her many pots and jugs, plates and bowls and colourful mosaics(马赛克).
我们也很喜欢拜访陶艺家莎拉·哈里森。她带我们参观了位于肖尔湾港口的工作室，还向我们展示了她制作的许多陶罐、壶、盘子、碗和色彩缤纷的马赛克作品。
“who...”由关系代词“who”引导，前后用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明前面的“Sarah Harrison”。“who”在从句中作主语，后面“showed...”的宾语包括参观她的工作室以及她制作的多种陶器，因此属于非限制性定语从句。
One of the most famous examples of this is the story of 92-year-old Henry Dryer, who comes out of dementia(痴呆) while listening to songs from his youth.
其中最著名的例子之一是92岁的Henry Dryer的故事，他在听年轻时的歌曲时从痴呆状态中清醒过来。
非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词"Henry Dryer"隔开。关系词"who"在从句中作主语,指代Henry Dryer。从句主干为"who comes out of dementia",表达"他摆脱了痴呆"。从句内部还含有"while listening to songs from his youth"这一时间状语成分(非谓语结构)修饰"comes out"的时间背景。
"They tend to be people with deep roots in the city, who have hung around since before the neighborhood became what it is today," he adds.
“他们往往是在这座城市根基深厚的人，那些在这个社区变成今天这个样子之前就一直在这里的人，”他补充道。
非限制性定语从句,由逗号隔开,关系代词 "who" 指代先行词 "people",在从句中作主语。从句谓语是 "have hung around",后接时间状语从句 "since before the neighborhood became..."。
One survey taker explained, "The greatest challenge for me was continuing to believe in myself, when all the messages I was getting were that I would never be taken seriously or promoted or given raises at the same rate as men, who were clearly less qualified and not as smart as I was."
一位调查受访者解释道：“对我来说最大的挑战是继续相信自己，当我得到的所有信息都是我将永远不会被认真对待、不会被晋升、不会以与男性相同的速度获得加薪时，这些男性显然不如我合格且不如我聪明。”
"who" 引导的从句由逗号与先行词 "men" 隔开，对这些 men 作补充说明；"who" 在从句中作主语，因此是非限制性定语从句。
You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.
你坐在那位年长的女士旁边，不幸的是，她非常擅长扒窃。
"who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets" 由关系代词 "who" 引导，前面有逗号，与先行词 "the elderly woman" 隔开，对该老妇人作补充说明；"who" 在从句内部作主语，谓语为 "turns out"，因此是非限制性定语从句。
She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Karla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.
她还面临来自儿童保育机构的调查，该机构也将询问为什么卡拉被单独留下与她脆弱的亲属在一起。
该从句由关系代词“who”引导，补充说明前面的“childcare services”。它前面有逗号，属于非限制性定语从句；“who”在从句内部作主语，谓语为“will also be asking”。
But critics say the policy contradicts recommendations by many health experts, who warn that a person's weight is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
但批评者说该政策与许多健康专家的建议相矛盾，这些专家警告说一个人的体重是受遗传和环境因素影响的。
非限制性定语从句,用逗号隔开,修饰先行词 "many health experts"。关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语,指代专家们。从句谓语 "warn" 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。
But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians' new prescription may meet with skepticism(怀疑) from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world.
但是加州大学洛杉矶分校的儿科医生卡洛斯·勒纳承认，儿科医生的新建议可能会遇到父母的怀疑，他们急于寻求关于如何让孩子在世界上占得先机的建议。
该从句由关系代词"who"引导，修饰先行词"parents"，前有逗号隔开，为非限制性定语从句。从句内"who"作主语，说明parents的特征：渴望获得建议。从句内还嵌套宾语从句"how to give their kids a leg up"。
Luthar's suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about.
卢瑟关于零花钱的建议方法与作家罗恩·利伯的方法兼容，罗恩·利伯建议零花钱应被用作向孩子们展示如何储蓄、给予以及在他们关心的事物上花费的一种手段。
非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词"writer Ron Lieber"分隔,关系词"who"在从句中作主语。从句主干为"who advises that...",进一步包含宾语从句"that allowances be used..."。
On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumbing down" of his children's education.
另一边是像迈克·贾这样的家长，他是过去十年中搬到该地区的数千名亚裔美国专业人士之一，他说阿德霍尔德的改革将等同于对他孩子教育的“ dumbing down ”。
关系代词 "who" 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "Mike Jia"(或更广义的 "parents like Mike Jia")。虽然原句中逗号不明显(因与前面同位语的逗号连用),但从语义和结构看,这是补充说明 Mike Jia 的观点,而非限定其身份,故判断为非限制性。"who" 在从句中作主语,从句谓语是 "said",后跟宾语从句 "Aderhold's reforms would amount to..."。
On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning.
一方面是像凯瑟琳·福利这样的白人家长，她是女儿所在中学的家长-教师-学生协会前主席，她开始认为该学区日益紧张的氛围与学习相悖。
非限制性定语从句,关系代词"who"指代先行词"Catherine Foley",在从句中作主语。从句谓语是"has come to see",宾语是"the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere",补语是"as opposed to learning"。由于先行词与从句之间插入了同位语"a former president…",形成分隔式定语从句。
We recently caught up with yoga entrepreneur Leah Zaccaria, who put herself through the fire of change to completely reinvent herself.
我们最近与瑜伽企业家莉亚·扎卡里亚进行了交流，她让自己经历了变革的烈火，以彻底重塑自己。
该从句由关系代词“who”引导，前有逗号，补充说明先行词“Leah Zaccaria”。“who”在从句中作主语，谓语为“put”，宾语为“herself”，因此这是非限制性定语从句，而不是名词性从句。
Our guide for some of our stay was the inestimable Hilde Hoven, a Dark Sky ambassador who runs Good Heavens with Deborah Kilgallon and Orla Cumisky.
在我们逗留期间，为我们提供指引的是无可估量的希尔德·霍文。她是一位“暗夜天空”大使，与黛博拉·基尔加伦和奥拉·卡米斯基共同经营着 Good Heavens。
这是由"who"引导的非限制性定语从句，逗号前已有明确的人名和身份说明；"who"在从句中作主语，指代前面的"Hilde Hoven"，从句补充说明她与他人共同经营"Good Heavens"。
"About a quarter of the people with whom I schedule phone interviews aren't on time," says Sophie Cikovsky, who handles U.S. recruiting for Infinite Global.
“大约四分之一与我约定电话面试的人都没有准时参加，”负责 Infinite Global 美国招聘工作的 Sophie Cikovsky 说。
这是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "Sophie Cikovsky"。逗号将其与人名隔开，关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语，"handles U.S. recruiting for Infinite Global" 补充说明她的职责。
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle in mid-life, decades before disease sets in, makes sense, said David Knopman, a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, who was not involved in the study.
美国神经病学学会会员、未参与该项研究的戴维·诺普曼说，在疾病发生前几十年，也就是中年时期保持健康的生活方式，是明智之举。
该从句由逗号后的关系代词“who”引导，补充说明“David Knopman”；“who”在从句中作主语，且从句删去后主句仍然完整，因此是非限制性定语从句。
By comparing identical twins, who share nearly 100 percent of their genes, and non-identical twins, who share about half, researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors.
通过比较几乎拥有百分之百相同基因的同卵双胞胎与拥有约一半相同基因的异卵双胞胎，研究人员发现了压倒性的证据，表明基因会对行为产生影响。
这是非限制性定语从句，前有逗号，补充说明 "identical twins"。关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语，"share nearly 100 percent of their genes" 说明这些双胞胎几乎拥有百分之百相同的基因。
A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur, who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.
一个村庄将要为一只名叫Wilbur的橘猫举办生日派对，这只猫因定期出现在当地商店而闻名。
"who" 指代前面的名词先行词 "Wilbur"，并在从句中作主语；从句前有逗号，内容是补充说明 Wilbur 已经因为常去当地商店露面而出名，删去后主句仍完整，因此是非限制性定语从句。
Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, "People think focus means saying 'yes' to the thing you've got to focus on. But that's not what it means at all. It means saying 'no' to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully."
没有人比史蒂夫·乔布斯更好地体现了这一理念，他说：“人们认为专注意味着对你必须专注的事情说‘是’。但这根本不是它的意思。它意味着对其他上百个好主意说‘不’。你必须仔细选择。”
非限制性定语从句,由逗号隔开,修饰先行词 "Steve Jobs"。关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语,谓语 "said",后接直接引语作宾语。直接引语不拆分为宾语从句,因其保留原话形式,非间接转述。
Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, "who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic(整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors."
相反地，她保持积极乐观，赞扬她的一位医学院教授乔治·恩格尔，他总是不仅注意到患者的身体状况，还注意到她生活中的小细节，例如，她是否在病房里挂了家庭照片或收到了鲜花。他是那种让你见到就感到宽慰，并愿意让其进入房间看望生病家人的值得信赖的医生。他会坐下来与患者交谈，不仅讨论医疗问题，还讨论她的生活和优先事项。他建立了一个大型会诊服务，以解决住院患者的整体需求，包括心理和社会因素。
关系代词 "who" 引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "George Engel",用逗号隔开。"who" 在从句中充当主语,指代 George Engel。从句内部包含 "not just...but..." 并列结构和 "such as" 引导的举例说明。
This finding surprised researchers, who admitted they didn't expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels.
这一发现让研究人员感到惊讶，他们承认没有预料到吃白肉会导致更高的血液胆固醇水平。
逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "researchers"。关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语,指代研究人员。从句补充说明研究人员承认了某事,删去后主句 "This finding surprised researchers" 仍完整。
This is due to a lack of action from ministers, who've failed to take any meaningful action for years.
这是由于部长们缺乏行动，他们多年来未能采取任何有意义的行动。
"who've failed to take any meaningful action for years" 由关系词 "who" 引导，先行词是前面的 "ministers"；关系词 "who" 在从句中作主语，"'ve failed" 是谓语。该从句前有逗号，只对 "ministers" 作补充说明，删去后主句 "This is due to a lack of action from ministers" 仍完整，因此是非限制性定语从句。
In 2015 these ants were joined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the extreme heat tracking the ants and digging out their nests.
2015年，这些蚂蚁在沙漠中被来自两所比利时大学的科学家加入，他们在酷热中花了一个月时间追踪这些蚂蚁并挖出它们的巢穴。
非限制性定语从句，由逗号与先行词 "scientists from two Belgian universities" 隔开。关系词 "who" 在从句中充当主语，指代科学家。从句内部包含并列的现在分词短语 "tracking the ants" 和 "digging out their nests" 作伴随状语，说明科学家在沙漠中度过一个月的具体活动。
The whole village chips in to help, including the kids, who end up developing their baking skills at an early age.
整个村庄都参与进来帮忙，包括孩子们，他们最终在很小的时候就培养了烘焙技能。
关系代词"who"引导非限制性定语从句,前有逗号隔开,修饰先行词"the kids"。"who"在从句中作主语,谓语为"end up developing",表示孩子们最终发展出烘焙技能的结果。
Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
构想松岛的Park Yeon Soo对这座城市有一种父母般的情感联系。
非限制性定语从句，用逗号与先行词 "Park Yeon Soo" 隔开，关系代词 "who" 在从句中作主语，指代 Park Yeon Soo。从句谓语 envisioned 的宾语是专有名词 Songdo。该从句补充说明 Park Yeon Soo 的身份——他构想了松岛（Songdo）这座城市。
英语四级真题中 who 引导的从句共标注出 629 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句：who 引导的限制性定语从句 545 处、who 引导的非限制性定语从句 84 处。本页从中精选 48 句真题例句，出自 21 套真题卷，句长 10–106 词（平均 28 词），CEFR 等级构成为 C1 30 句、B2 16 句、B1 2 句。每句以高亮标出从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置，并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。
关于 who 引导的从句在英语四级真题中的类型分布与判断方法，最常被问到的问题。
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