2013年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 31–35 题答案与解析

Our vision of the future used to be inspired by 是不完整陈述句，问的是过去人们对未来的愿景由什么引发，属于追问具体原因的细节考点。

Our vision of the future used to be inspired by 是被动语态的待补全句，主语 Our vision of the future，谓语 used to be inspired（过去常被启发），by 后接答案——也就是过去激发愿景的来源；时态明确指向过去。

• A)偷换概念

  our desire for lives of fulfillment 把原文的“结果”挪到“原因”位置：原文 leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all 中的 lives of fulfilment 是科技带来的结果，并非激发愿景的原因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity↔our faith in science and technology

  预判要求“对科技的信任”，our faith in science and technology 在话题词与立场上都与定位句精确对应，且唯一覆盖“激发乐观愿景的原因”。

• C)张冠李戴

  our awareness of potential risks 对应的是 we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us，属于“如今”的视角；题干 used to 限定过去，与本选项时态完全相反。

• D)无中生有

  原文 opportunity for all 仅是“科技带来的机会”这一结果性表述，并未把 equal opportunity 中的“平等”作为激发愿景的原因；文中通篇无关于“机会平等”的信念论述。

The IUCN's "Red List" suggests that human beings are 问名录得出关于人类的什么结论，答案就是名录原句的同义转述，是经典细节题。

The IUCN's "Red List" suggests that human beings are 主干是 The IUCN's Red List suggests，宾语从句 that human beings are ____，待补全位置是表语，答案应是一个名词短语用于描述人类。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline↔a sustained species

  预判“可持续存续的物种”与 a sustained species 完全等值，且 A 不引入 IUCN 名录之外的额外概念，是定位句的最佳概括。

• B)过度推断

  the world's dominant power 把“分布广、数量在增”夸大为“世界统治力量”，原文从未做此评价，明显超出 IUCN 名录的客观判定范围。

• C)无中生有

  原文只说人类作为物种生存无虞，未提及人类对环境构成威胁；a threat to the environment 在 IUCN 名录的引文中找不到任何来源。

• D)偷换概念

  a misplaced race 暗示人类“位置不当/不属于此处”，与 But such gloominess is misplaced 中 misplaced 的修饰对象完全不同——原文 misplaced 修饰的是 gloominess（悲观情绪），而非人类本身。

Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? 用 true...according to 框死客观事实，四个选项都要和段内原句一一核对。

Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? 是 Which 引导的特殊疑问句，true according to Paragraph 5 等于 which is consistent with Paragraph 5，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  The interest in science fiction is on the rise 谈“科幻兴趣上升”，原文仅提及 science fiction writers and futurologists 是合适的探讨者，根本未谈大众对科幻兴趣的变化趋势。

• B)与原文相反

  Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies 说 Arc 限缩研究范围，与原文 a new publication dedicated to the near future 表达的“致力于近未来研究”完全相反——dedicated to 是聚焦展开，并非 limit the scope（限缩）。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated 说的是“今日科技带来的社会后果非常复杂”，并未主张“科技为社会问题提供解决方案”；Technology offers solutions to social problems 把“产生复杂后果”反向偷换为“解决问题”。

• D)✓ 正确
  • it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future↔Our immediate future is hard to conceive
  • The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated↔Our immediate future is hard to conceive

  预判“近未来难以设想”，Our immediate future is hard to conceive 把段首的比较结构和紧接的原因句合并成一句陈述，与定位精准对应。

To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to 是问保住人类未来的关键举措，答案是原文里给出的具体做法，属细节题。

To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to 由不定式目的状语 To ensure... 引导，主句是形式主语 it is crucial to do，待补全位置是动词不定式短语；答案应为一个动作。

• A)答非所问

  adopt an optimistic view of the world 是一种“心态”，原文虽整体乐观，但作者强调的“crucial 之事”是 the past holds the key to the future 的方法论，不是号召大家保持乐观心态；题干问的是 crucial to 的关键做法，而非情绪选择。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the past holds the key to the future↔draw on our experience from the past
  • we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts↔draw on our experience from the past

  预判“借鉴过去”，draw on our experience from the past 把原文 the past holds the key to the future 的比喻还原为可执行动作，立场与方法两端都对得上。

• C)无中生有

  原文未提及“开发地球丰富资源”这一做法，explore our planet's abundant resources 是借日常常识捏造的常识性答案，文中无任何句子可作其来源。

• D)无中生有

  原文从未谈“重塑历史的野心”或要求“克制此种野心”；curb our ambition to reshape history 凭空构造了“野心—克制”这一对原文从未论证的概念。

Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 直接问全文最佳标题，是典型的主旨题标志句。

Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 是 Which 引导的特殊疑问句，would be 表达较委婉的判断；句意无难点。

• A)✓ 正确
  • But such gloominess is misplaced↔The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
  • This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad↔The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
  • we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years↔The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind

  The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind 同时覆盖了全文主线（前景）与作者基调（乐观），且 Mankind 与全文主语 Homo sapiens、mankind 完全对应，是唯一既切主旨又合基调的选项。

• B)以偏概全

  Science, Technology and Humanity 只对应 P1 段提到的 Science and technology——那是“过去乐观”的原因，仅是首段的次要内容；文章主体（P3P6P7）的论证与“科技与人类”这条线无关，把局部当全文主旨。

• C)偷换概念

  Evolution of the Human Species 把话题误读为“人类物种的演化史”——原文从未讨论生物演化进程，仅在 P3 借 IUCN 名录论证人类存续前景，话题与主线完全错位。

• D)与原文相反

  Uncertainty about Our Future 强调“未来的不确定”，正是 P2P5 所代表的、被 But such gloominess is misplaced 和 a passing fad 反驳的旧观点；用作标题等于把全文立场反过来。