2018年12月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析
本页是 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 14 段共 1207 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 10 句、弱 0 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。
信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题
本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2018年12月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 14 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。
凯特琳·伯比奇的儿子6岁时,曾表演一段典型的一年级学生会跳会唱的滑稽节目。她拍了一张照片并开始使用手机后,儿子却问了她一个严肃的问题:“你要把那张照片发到网上吗?”她笑着回答:“是的,我想我会发。”他接下来的话让她停了下来:“你可以不发吗?”
那一刻她突然意识到:她一直未经儿子允许,就把他的照片发到网上。“我们非常支持身体自主权,也不会在他不愿意的情况下强迫他拥抱或亲吻别人,但我从没想到,自己应该征得他的同意,才能把他的照片发到网上。”伯比奇说。她是马萨诸塞州韦克菲尔德的一位两个孩子的母亲。“现在,每当我要把他的照片发到网上时,我都会给他看照片,并征得他的同意。”
她计划等8个月大的小儿子长到3岁或4岁时,开始以适合其年龄的方式问他:“你想让其他人看到这个吗?”上周,在美国儿科学会的一次会议上,两位研究人员面对一群儿科医生讨论21世纪“晒娃”这一挑战时,提出的正是这种做法。“作为儿童权利的倡导者,我们认为,如果可能,儿童应该有权就他人可以分享哪些关于自己的信息表达意见。”佛罗里达大学莱文法学院法律技能教授斯泰西·斯坦伯格说。
无论是确保孩子不会因为你发布的内容而遭受欺凌,确保他们的身份不会被数字化“绑架”,还是防止他们的照片像一位澳大利亚母亲发现的那样,最终出现在六七个儿童色情网站上,家长和儿科医生都越来越意识到保护儿童数字形象的重要性。斯坦伯格和佛罗里达大学医学院儿科助理教授巴哈雷·基思说,大多数孩子可能永远不会因为父母分享的内容而遇到问题,但父母分享自身经历的权利与子女的隐私权之间仍然存在矛盾。
“我们绝不是要让父母闭口不谈。”斯坦伯格说。“与此同时,我们也认识到,儿童可能希望自己成年时能够不受他人影响,自由地创建属于自己的数字足迹。”她们引用了今年早些时候公布的一项研究。该研究调查了249对父母及其子女,结果显示,希望对父母可以分享的内容制定规则的儿童人数是父母人数的两倍。“父母说:‘我们不需要规则,我们没问题。’而孩子们说:‘我们的父母需要规则。’”基思说。“孩子们希望在这个问题上拥有自主权,并且担心父母分享有关他们的信息。”
尽管美国儿科学会发布了相关指南,建议父母为孩子树立恰当使用社交媒体的榜样,但指南并未明确讨论父母过度分享的问题。“我认为这是一个非常合理的担忧,也感谢他们让我们注意到这一点。”育有5个孩子的父亲大卫·希尔说。他认为儿科医生可以在这方面与父母交流,但也相信相关信息必须传播到远远超出儿科诊所的范围。“我期待研究人员进一步加深我们对这一问题的理解,从而将其转化为有效的教育和政策。”他说。
斯坦伯格在一篇讨论这一问题的法律文章中写道,目前针对这一主题的研究很少。虽然各州可以通过与网上分享儿童信息有关的法律,但斯坦伯格认为,通常来说,父母最适合为自己的家庭作出这些决定。“虽然我们不想制造任何不必要的恐慌,但我们确实发现了一些令人担忧的问题,并认为父母,或者至少医生,应当了解这些潜在风险。”斯坦伯格说。这些风险包括照片被改作不当或非法用途、身份盗窃、尴尬难堪、同龄人的欺凌以及数字绑架。
不过,这只是消极的一面;这些风险必须与分享所带来的益处权衡。斯坦伯格指出,父母在社交媒体上分享信息有助于建立社群、联系分散各地的家人、提供支持,并围绕重要的社会问题提高公众意识;在这些问题上,父母可能是孩子唯一的发声者。
C.S. Mott的一项调查发现,在曾通过社交媒体讨论育儿问题的母亲和父亲中,母亲占56%,父亲占34%;其中72%的人表示,分享让他们感到不再孤单,几乎同样多的人表示,分享帮助他们减轻了忧虑,并从其他父母那里获得了建议。他们讨论得最多的话题包括孩子的睡眠、营养、管教、行为问题以及日托和学前教育。
“如今,医疗保健具有一种家长之间相互交流的性质,这为父母提供了深刻的机会,让他们从社群中的其他父母那里学习有用的窍门、安全与预防措施、支持接种疫苗的信息以及各种其他信息。”温迪·苏·斯旺森说。她是一名儿科医生,也是西雅图儿童医院数字健康部门的执行主任,并通过写博客讲述自己的育儿经历,以帮助其他父母。“他们得到的是来自自己主动选择并且信任的人的关爱。”她说。
“我们如何权衡风险?如何看待益处?又如何减轻风险?”她说。“这些是我们需要问自己的问题,而每个人都可以有不同的答案。”
有些父母认为,对他们来说,最好的做法是完全不分享。住在克利夫兰的布里奇特·奥汉隆和丈夫在女儿出生前就决定,不把她的照片发到网上。当几位家人发布了照片时,奥汉隆和丈夫明确表达了自己的意愿。“不分享她的照片很难,因为人们总想知道婴儿和学步儿童过得怎么样,也想看看照片,但我们作出的决定是让她在还没有社交媒体的时候,由我们使用社交媒体。”奥汉隆说。同样,纽约的艾莉森·杰米森也和丈夫决定,他们的孩子有权拥有自己的网络身份。他们确实使用了一个仅限受邀者加入的照片分享平台,让包括远方亲友在内的家人和朋友能够看到照片,但他们坚持自己的立场,直接拒绝把孩子的照片发布到其他社交媒体平台上。
“对大多数家庭来说,这是一个逐步摸索的过程。有时会出问题,但大多数时候不会。”斯旺森说。她建议从孩子6至8岁左右开始,征得他们同意后再发布关于他们的文字或照片。“我们会越来越了解自己的容忍限度。我们可以请孩子帮助我们作为一个社会去认识什么是可以接受的,什么是不可接受的。”
事实上,这一学习过程是双向的。马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的母亲布里娅·邓纳姆看到自己的大孩子和婴儿一起洗澡时兄弟情谊融洽的瞬间,兴奋不已,于是拍了几张照片。但当她考虑要不要把照片发到网上时,她站在儿子的角度思考:如果同学的父母看到他胸部以上露出、在浴缸里的照片,他会有什么感受?“这让我想到,我正在怎样教他拥有对自己身体的主导权,以及今天分享的内容会如何延续到未来。”邓纳姆说。“所以我把照片留给自己,并把这看作支持他日益增强的自主权的又一步。”
陈述句与逐句解析
Steinberg认为父母在网上分享可能是有益的。
Steinberg + 分享有益
Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only voice.
Steinberg 指出,家长在社交媒体上的分享有助于建立社群、联结分散的家人、提供支持,并就一些重要的社会议题提升公众意识——而在这些议题上,家长可能是孩子唯一的代言人。
- Steinberg arguedSteinberg pointed out
argued ≈ pointed out(同义近义动词)
- parental sharing online can be beneficialparental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues
抽象 beneficial 被展开为具体收益清单
- G
G 段里 Steinberg 提到的是 parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks——风险警告,与题干 beneficial 立场相反,故排除。
we did find some concerns that were troublesome
- I
I 段呈现 A C.S. Mott survey found 的统计数据,是把「家长的自我报告」作为依据,并非 Steinberg 本人的主张,故不匹配 Steinberg argued。
A C.S. Mott survey found among the 56 percent of mothers and 34 percent of fathers who discussed parenting on social media
据一位专家称,当孩子到了上学年龄,他们可以帮助父母了解什么可以做、什么不可以做。
专家说「学龄孩子能帮家长学」
We'll learn more and more what our tolerance is. We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not.
我们会越来越清楚自己的容忍边界在哪里。我们可以请孩子来帮我们这个社会一起学习什么可以做、什么不可以做。
- children reach school ageages 6 to 8
school age 被具体年龄区间替换
- they can help their parents learn what can and cannot be doneWe can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not
主被动转换 + 同义短语替换
- C
C 段说 children should have a voice about what information is shared about them——是赋予孩子知情权,并未谈到「孩子反过来帮家长学」,缺核心动作。
children should have a voice about what information is shared about them
- E
E 段强调 The children wanted autonomy about this issue,仅是孩子的诉求陈述;题干要求的是「孩子能帮家长学边界」的建议,故不符。
The children wanted autonomy about this issue and were worried about their parents sharing information about them
一位母亲在从儿子的角度考虑这个问题后,克制住了在网上发布儿子照片的冲动。
母亲换位思考儿子
But when she considered posting them online, she took the perspective of her son: How would he feel if his classmates' parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub?
但当她考虑要不要把这些照片发到网上时,她从儿子的角度去想:如果同学的父母看见他在浴缸里的赤膊照片,他会怎么想?
- One mother refrained from posting her son's photos onlineI kept the pictures to myself
正反互译:留给自己 = 不发出去
- she considered the matter from her son's perspectiveshe took the perspective of her son
从儿子的视角思考——近乎逐字对应
- A
A 段不发是因为儿子说 Can you not? 主动请求,母亲是被请求才停下;题干要的是「母亲自己换位思考儿子的感受」,主动源不同,故排除。
Can you not?
- B
B 段重点是 it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online——觉醒;题干要的是「换位思考后克制不发」的具体行动,落点不同。
it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online
根据一项研究,认为应该对父母的分享行为制定规则的孩子比父母多。
研究 + 孩子多于家长想立规矩
They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share.
他们引用了今年早些时候发布的一项针对 249 对亲子的研究:想给「家长可以分享什么」立规矩的孩子人数是家长的两倍。
- According to a studyThey cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children
study 同义复现
- more children than parents think there should be rules on parents' sharingtwice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share
倍数关系 ⇒ 简单比较
- F
F 段提到 the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines——是机构发布的指南,没有「亲子数据」。题干要的是 a study,载体对不上。
the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that parents model appropriate social media use for their children
Katlyn Burbidge从未意识到她必须征得儿子的同意才能把他的照片发到网上。
Katlyn Burbidge + 从未意识到要征求同意
She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission. 'We're big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to, but it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,' says Burbidge.
她一直未经儿子同意就把他的照片发到网上。Burbidge 说:我们一直坚定主张身体自主权,不会强迫他去拥抱或亲吻别人,但从未想过自己应该征得他的同意再发他的照片。
- Katlyn Burbidge had never realizedit never occurred to me
never realized ≈ it never occurred to me
- she had to ask her son's approval to put his photos onlineI should ask his permission to post photos of him online
approval ≈ permission, put ≈ post
- A
A 段描述儿子说 Can you not?、母亲被叫停的过程;并没有出现「从未意识到自己该问」的反思措辞,故不是 never realized 的源头段。
Are you going to post that online?
一位母亲在儿子要求她不要发布照片时,决定不在网上发布儿子的照片。
孩子开口请求 + 母亲决定不发
She laughed and answered, 'Yes, I think I will.' What he said next stopped her. 'Can you not?'
她笑着回答:是的,我打算发。接下来儿子说的话让她停了下来——你能不发吗?
- A mother decided not to post her son's photo online when he asked her not toWhat he said next stopped her. 'Can you not?'
stopped her = decided not to post;Can you not? = asked her not to
- B
B 段聚焦母亲事后的反思——it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission;儿子开口请求别发的对话 Can you not? 出现在 A 段,故 B 段不是源头。
Now when I post a photo of him online, I show him the photo and get his okay
- N
N 段触发是 she took the perspective of her son——自我换位;题干要的是「被儿子开口请求时」决定不发,触发条件不符。
she took the perspective of her son
一位女儿科医生试图通过分享自己的育儿经验来帮助其他父母。
女儿科医生 + 分享自己的育儿经验
says Wendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician and executive director of digital health at Seattle Children's Hospital, where she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents.
西雅图儿童医院儿科医生兼数字健康执行总监 Wendy Sue Swanson 说道,她在该院的博客上记录自己的育儿历程,以此帮助其他家长。
- A woman pediatricianWendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician
Wendy 暗示性别 + pediatrician 直接对应
- tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experienceshe blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents
blog about journey = share experience
- C
C 段中的 Steinberg 是 a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law——法学教授而非儿科医生,也未提到她分享自己的育儿经历,缺两项关键特征。
a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville
- F
F 段的 David Hill, a father of five 是男性,与题干 A woman pediatrician 性别不符;且 David Hill 也未明确以「分享自身经历」方式帮其他家长。
David Hill, a father of five
有些人决定干脆不在网上分享他们孩子的照片。
决定干脆不发孩子照片
Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all. Bridget O'Hanlon and her husband, who live in Cleveland, decided before their daughter was born that they would not post her photos online.
一些家长觉得对自己最好的做法就是干脆什么都不分享。住在克利夫兰的 Bridget O'Hanlon 和她丈夫,在女儿出生前就决定不会把她的照片发到网上。
- There are people who decide simply not to share their children's photos onlineSome parents find the best route for them is not to share at all
people = Some parents;simply not = not at all
- B
B 段强调 I show him the photo and get his okay——条件性发布;与题干 simply not to share 的绝对不发立场不符。
Now when I post a photo of him online, I show him the photo and get his okay
- N
N 段触发是 she took the perspective of her son——单一场景的换位决定;并非题干所要的「决定干脆完全不分享」的一般化政策。
So I kept the pictures to myself
父母和医生应该意识到在网上分享关于孩子的信息可能涉及风险。
家长和医生都应意识到风险
While we didn't want to create any unnecessary panic, we did find some concerns that were troublesome, and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks.
虽然我们不想制造没必要的恐慌,但我们的确发现了一些令人忧虑的问题,我们认为家长,或至少医生,应该意识到这些潜在风险。
- Parents and physicians should realizeparents or at least physicians should be aware of
be aware of ≈ realize;and ≈ or at least
- sharing information online about children may involve risksthose potential risks
potential risks = may involve risks
- D
D 段聚焦 parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting children's digital presence——是描述大家「已经在意识到」,而非提出「应当意识到」的提醒;缺 should realize 这一建议动作。
parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting children's digital presence
- F
F 段说 He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this——侧重医生作为传递者;与题干「家长和医生都应当意识到」立意不同。
He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this
分享育儿经验的父母可能会发现自己侵犯了孩子的隐私。
分享育儿经历 = 侵犯隐私
Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy.
Steinberg 和佛罗里达大学医学院儿科助理教授 Bahareh Keith 表示,大多数孩子可能永远不会因为家长所分享的内容而真正遇到麻烦,但家长分享自身经历的权利与孩子隐私权之间确实存在张力。
- Parents who share their parenting experiencesparents' rights to share their experiences
share their parenting experiences ≈ share their experiences
- may find themselves intruding into their children's privacya tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy
两权张力 ⇒ 可能侵入对方权利
- G
G 段说 photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means, identity theft, embarrassment, bullying by peers or digital kidnapping——是具体风险清单;题干要的是「分享权与隐私权对立」的抽象关系,G 段没有这一结构。
photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means, identity theft, embarrassment, bullying by peers or digital kidnapping
- C
C 段说 children should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible——主张孩子应有话语权;并未提出「家长分享会侵入孩子隐私」的因果命题,故不匹配。
children should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible
14 个段落各讲了什么
逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。
- A
母亲 Katlyn Burbidge 给唱跳的一年级儿子拍照准备发到网上,儿子认真地问 Are you going to post that online? 并请求 Can you not?,于是她停了下来。
信息指纹 六岁儿子开口请求别发
- B
Burbidge 由此意识到自己一直未经儿子允许就发他的照片:她说 it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,从此发图前会先征得儿子同意。
信息指纹 Burbidge 首次意识到需征求许可
- C
Burbidge 打算等小儿子三四岁时也用合适的方式问他;研究者 Stacey Steinberg 在儿科医生会上提出了 sharenting 这一新词,主张孩子应对家长分享自己的信息有发言权。
信息指纹 新造词 sharenting 与研究者亮相
- D
本段汇总各类风险:网络欺凌、身份被数字「绑架」、照片被用于儿童色情等,指出家长分享经历的权利与孩子隐私权之间存在张力。
信息指纹 家长分享权与孩子隐私权的张力
- E
Steinberg 强调不是要让家长闭嘴,并引用一项 249 对亲子的研究:想给家长定规矩的孩子人数是家长的两倍——twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share。
信息指纹 249 对亲子研究:孩子比家长更想立规矩
- F
美国儿科学会有家长社交媒体使用指南但未明确谈「家长过度分享」;五个孩子的父亲 David Hill 认为儿科医生应与家长沟通,但更期待研究推动教育与政策。
信息指纹 学会指南未涉过度分享 + David Hill 发声
- G
Steinberg 撰文指出该话题研究尚少,倾向由家长自行决定;同时她坦言发现了一些「令人担忧的隐患」,认为 parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks。
信息指纹 提醒家长与医生注意潜在风险
- H
本段转向「正面收益」:Steinberg 指出家长在社交媒体上的分享能够 helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues,可视为家长在为孩子发声。
信息指纹 Steinberg 力陈分享的正面收益
- I
一项 C.S. Mott 调查显示,56 percent of mothers and 34 percent of fathers 在社交媒体上讨论育儿,其中 72 percent 觉得分享让自己不那么孤单。
信息指纹 C.S. Mott 调查的具体百分比
- J
儿科医生兼西雅图儿童医院数字健康执行总监 Wendy Sue Swanson 谈「家长之间互助」的潜力;段尾点明 she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents。
信息指纹 女儿科医生 Swanson 写博客帮其他家长
- K
Swanson 提出三个反思性问题:如何权衡风险、如何看待收益、如何降低风险,强调每个家庭可以有不同答案。
信息指纹 三个权衡问题
- L
本段呈现「干脆不分享」的家长:克利夫兰的 Bridget O'Hanlon 夫妇和纽约的 Alison Jamison 夫妇均决定不在公开社交媒体发孩子照片,后者改用仅邀请制平台。
信息指纹 干脆不在公开平台发孩子照片的家长
- M
Swanson 建议家长在孩子 ages 6 to 8 时开始征求其同意,并说 We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not。
信息指纹 6 到 8 岁起让孩子参与学习边界
- N
Somerville 的母亲 Bria Dunham 拍到两个儿子洗澡的温馨瞬间,准备发网时换位思考儿子的感受,最终 I kept the pictures to myself,把「不发」当作对儿子身体自主权的支持。
信息指纹 换位思考儿子感受后决定不发
19 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- When Katlyn Burbidge's son was 6 years old, he was performing some ridiculous song and dance typical of a first-grader.
句式非常典型:前置时间状语分句加主句,是考试阅读里高频出现的基本结构。掌握这种先看连接词、再借逗号切开的方法,迁移性很强。
- That's when it dawned on her: She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission.
涵盖主语、系动词、表语从句、及物动词宾语、地点状语、方式状语等多种成分,且第二个主句的方式状语包含动名词结构,表语从句中it作形式主语,成分种类丰富;冒号的使用和两个主句的并列关系也是值得练习的结构点
- "We're big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to, but it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online," says Burbidge, a mom of two in Wakefield, Massachusetts.
覆盖系表结构、宾语从句、主语从句、条件状语从句、形式主语、同位语、目的状语等多种成分,且存在承前省略(unless he wants to)、倒装引述结构等易错点,适合作为综合练习句。
- Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy.
主句接省略 that 的宾语从句、从句内 but 并列、嵌套 what 引导的名词性从句、同位语插入、后置定语修饰,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,掌握后可大量迁移到其他复杂句分析
- They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share.
本句涵盖主谓宾、后置定语(过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句)、比较结构主语、嵌套从句宾语、关系代词作状语等多种成分,且定语从句中 "in which" 和宾语从句中 "what" 都需要辨析其在从句内的具体作用,是练习成分划分的高价值句型。
- Although the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that parents model appropriate social media use for their children, it does not explicitly discuss oversharing by parents.
本句在主干识别、嵌套理解、成分划分、结构典型性四个维度得分较高(6-8分),时态语态难度适中(5分)。作为训练材料,它既有一定挑战性(让步状语从句前置、三层嵌套、虚拟语气),又不至于过难,且结构在真题中高度典型,成分划分训练价值突出。综合来看,本句非常适合作为中高级难度的句子结构和时态综合训练材料,推荐优先级高。
- "I think this is a very legitimate concern, and I appreciate their drawing our attention to it," David Hill, a father of five, says.
引述结构加并列句加宾语从句的组合是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。省略that的宾语从句、动名词短语作宾语、并列连词连接主句都是标准考点,结构代表性很强,掌握后可迁移应用于大量类似句子。
- He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this, but believes the messaging must extend far beyond pediatricians' offices.
并列谓语结构和省略that的宾语从句都是四六级和考研中的高频句式,宾语从句中使用情态动词也很典型。这种结构在学术文本和新闻报道中常见,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- "I look forward to seeing researchers expand our understanding of the issue so we can translate it into effective education and policy," he says.
直接引语结构、"look forward to + 动名词"、"so" 引导的目的状语从句,都是四六级和考研中常见的句式。尤其是动名词作宾语、目的状语从句的使用,具有较高的典型性和复用价值,是学术英语和正式表达的常见模式。
- "While we didn't want to create any unnecessary panic, we did find some concerns that were troublesome, and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks," Steinberg says.
本句集中体现了四六级和考研常考的多个句式特征:直接引语作宾语从句、并列复合句(and 连接)、让步状语从句(While 引导)、限制性定语从句(that 引导)、宾语从句(thought that)、情态动词加系动词结构(should be);这些结构都是真题中反复出现的高频句式,且组合方式典型(状语从句 + 并列主句 + 嵌套从句),学生掌握后可大量复用到其他长难句的分析中,结构代表性极强。
- Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only voice.
本句外层主干不算太隐蔽,但从句层级清楚、训练点典型,适合作为进阶阶段的结构和时态综合练习。它既不会因结构过怪而难迁移,也不会因过于简单而缺少训练价值。
- When a few family members did post pictures, O'Hanlon and her husband made their wishes clear.
主从复合句中,时间状语从句位于句首是常见句式。主句的 "make + 宾语 + 形容词" 结构和从句中的强调助动词 "did" 都是四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现的典型用法。整体结构具有较好的代表性,学习后可以迁移到类似句子。
- Similarly, Alison Jamison of New York decided with her husband that their child had a right to their own online identity.
"动词后接 that 从句" 是阅读里非常常见的句型,像 "decide" 这类表示想法、判断、决定的动词经常这样用。掌握这一类结构后,迁移性很强。
- They did use an invitation-only photo sharing platform so that friends and family, including those far away, could see the photos, but they stood firm, simply refusing to put their child's photos on other social media platforms.
这句主干不至于难到无从下手,但同时包含多个高频结构信号,适合作为结构和时态结合训练的材料。对提升长句切分与核心成分定位都有明显帮助。
- "For most families, it's a journey. Sometimes it goes wrong, but most of the time it doesn't," says Swanson, who recommends starting to ask children permission to post narratives or photos around ages 6 to 8.
覆盖直接引语作宾语、关系代词 who 作主语、动名词短语作宾语等多种成分形式,且涉及谓语主语倒装,适合练习识别特殊语序和非谓语结构。
- Indeed, that learning process goes both ways.
简单句在考试中常见,但本句结构过于基础(主谓 + 方式状语),不能代表四六级或考研真题中常考的复杂句式(如定语从句、状语从句、并列复合句等)。作为句式范例的迁移价值一般。
- But when she considered posting them online, she took the perspective of her son: How would he feel if his classmates' parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub?
非常典型的考试常见结构:时间状语从句加主句的组合、虚拟语气的条件句(if从句配would主句)、以及用冒号引出解释性内容。虚拟语气中"if...过去式, 主语 would 动词原形"是四六级和考研必考句型。疑问句的倒装结构也是常考点。这个句子几乎涵盖了多个高频考点,学习后可以大量迁移。
- One mother refrained from posting her son's photos online when she considered the matter from her son's perspective.
“主句加时间状语从句”是非常常见的阅读句式,而“动词加介词再接动名词”也是常见考点。掌握这种分析路径后,迁移价值很高。
- According to a study, more children than parents think there should be rules on parents' sharing.
本句体现了两种高频句式:一是及物动词 think 引出省略 that 的宾语从句,二是 there be 句型加情态动词的变体。这两种结构在四六级和考研阅读中反复出现,主语中的比较结构 more...than 也是常考点。掌握本句的分析方法可以迁移到大量类似句子,如 Many people believe there should be limits on technology use,结构典型性较高。
本篇出现的 99 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- onlineA2adj. 在线的
- sharingA2n. 分享
- riskA2n. 风险
- issueB1n. 问题
- digitalB1adj. 数字的
- parentingB1n. 养育子女
- mediaB1n. 大众传播媒介(报刊、电视、广播、互联网等的总称)
- advocateB2v. 拥护
- identityB2n. 身份
- privacyB2n. 隐私
- autonomyC1n. 自主权
- wouldA1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- lessA1det. 较少的
- benefitB1n. 好处
- accordC1n. (国家、团体间的)协议
- communityB1n. 社区
- simplyB1adv. 仅仅,只不过
- professorB1n. 教授(大学教师的最高职称)
- supportA2v. 支持
- mediumB1adj. 中等的
- concernB1v. 涉及
- realizeB1v. 意识到,认识到
- recommendB1v. 推荐
- relatedB1adj. 相关的
- perspectiveB2n. 观点
- awareA2adj. 知道的
- momA1n. 妈妈
- platformB1n. 平台
- academyB2n. 学院
- physicianB2n. 医生
- journeyA2n. 旅行,旅程
- okayA2adj. 可以的
- parentalB2adj. 父母的
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- behaviorB1n. 行为
- negativeB1adj. 否定的
- learningA1n. 学习
- processB1n. 过程
- challengeB1n. 挑战
- opportunityB1n. 机会
- expertB1n. 专家
- argueB1v. 争论
- policyB1n. 政策
- leastA2det. 最少的
- effectiveB1adj. 有效的,起作用的
- potentialB2adj. 潜在的
- understandingB1n. 理解;领悟
- involveB1v. 包含
- increasinglyB2adv. 越来越;日益;不断增加地
- existA2v. 存在;实际上有
- wrongA2adj. 错误的
- occurB1v. 发生,出现
- peerB2n. 同龄人
- performB1v. 执行
- generallyB1adv. 通常,一般地
- importanceB1n. 重要性
- approachB1v. 靠近,接近(在空间或时间上)
- ensureB2v. 确保
- balanceB1n. 平衡
- recognizeB1v. 认出
- expandB2v. 扩大;扩展;增长
- guidelineB2n. 指导方针
- indeedB1adv. 确实,的确(强调肯定)
- nutritionB2n. 营养
- siteA2n. 地点
- awarenessB2n. 意识
- executiveB2n. 主管;经理;管理人员
- firmB1adj. 坚固的
- presenceB2n. 在场
- appropriateB2adj. 合适的
- disciplineB2n. 纪律
- extendB1v. 延伸;延长
- unnecessaryB1adj. 不必要的;多余的
- increasingB1adj. 越来越多的
- beneficialB2adj. 有益的
- legalB1adj. 法律的
- routeB1n. 路线
- selectB1v. 选择,挑选
- earlierA2adv. 较早地
- worriedA2adj. 担心的
- alleviateC1v. 减轻,缓和(痛苦、问题等)
- typicalB1adj. 典型的
- bathA2n. 洗澡
- assistantA2n. 助手
- refrainC1v. 克制
- tipA2n. 小费
- citeB2v. 引用,引证
- similarlyB2adv. 相似地
- preciselyB2adv. 精确地,准确地
- approvalB2n. 赞成
- endureB2v. 忍受
- adulthoodB2n. 成年期
- legitimateC1adj. 合法的
- ownershipB2n. 所有权
- dawnB1n. 黎明,拂晓
- nurtureC1v. 养育
- profoundC1adj. 深刻的
- preschoolB1n. 学前班;幼儿园
全文 372 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全文去重后共 372 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 13 个 · 约 3%。
- 去重总词数
- 372
- B2 以上难词
- 3%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 85%
常见问题
围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → H · 37 → M · 38 → N · 39 → E · 40 → B · 41 → A · 42 → J · 43 → L · 44 → G · 45 → D。答案段分布:A 段 1 句 · B 段 1 句 · D 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句 · L 段 1 句 · M 段 1 句 · N 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 www.npr.org 网站 2016.10.28 一篇题为 Do Parents Invade Children's Privacy When They Post Photos Online?(父母在网上发布孩子照片是否侵犯孩子隐私?)的文章。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
- 按锚点强弱分诊,2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 10 句 · 弱 0 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 372 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 48%、A2 及以下约 67%、B1 及以下约 85%、B2 及以下约 97%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 13 个、约占 3%。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语六级高频词?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 99 个英语六级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:online(本篇 16 次,adj. 在线的;联网的; 网上的;线上的 | adv. 在线地;联网地)、sharing(本篇 6 次,n. 分享;共享 | v. 分享;共用(share 的现在分词形式) | adj. 共享的;分享的)、risk(本篇 5 次,n. 风险;危险; 危险人物;风险因素 | v. 冒...的危险;使遭受风险)、issue(本篇 4 次,n. 问题;议题; (报刊的)期,号; (个人的)困难;烦恼; 分发;发放; 结果;后果 | v. 发布;发行;颁发; 流出;发出)、digital(本篇 4 次,adj. 数字的;数码的; 数字显示的; 手指的;指状的)、parenting(本篇 4 次,n. 养育子女;为人父母 | v. 养育(parent 的现在分词形式))、media(本篇 3 次,n. 大众传播媒介(报刊、电视、广播、互联网等的总称); 媒介物;传播途径(medium 的复数形式); 多媒体;多媒体技术; 存储介质(如光盘、硬盘等))、advocate(本篇 3 次,v. 拥护;提倡;主张 | n. 拥护者;提倡者;倡导者; 辩护律师;出庭律师)。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be beneficial. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only voice.」(Steinberg 指出,家长在社交媒体上的分享有助于建立社群、联结分散的家人、提供支持,并就一些重要的社会议题提升公众意识——而在这些议题上,家长可能是孩子唯一的代言人。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Steinberg argued ↔ Steinberg pointed out;parental sharing online can be beneficial ↔ parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues)。与之话题相邻的 G 段、I 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. According to an expert, when children reach school age, they can help their parents learn what can and cannot be done. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 M 段(强锚点句)。M 段定位句为「We'll learn more and more what our tolerance is. We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not.」(我们会越来越清楚自己的容忍边界在哪里。我们可以请孩子来帮我们这个社会一起学习什么可以做、什么不可以做。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(children reach school age ↔ ages 6 to 8;they can help their parents learn what can and cannot be done ↔ We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not)。与之话题相邻的 C 段、E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. One mother refrained from posting her son's photos online when she considered the matter from her son's perspective. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 N 段(强锚点句)。N 段定位句为「But when she considered posting them online, she took the perspective of her son: How would he feel if his classmates' parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub?」(但当她考虑要不要把这些照片发到网上时,她从儿子的角度去想:如果同学的父母看见他在浴缸里的赤膊照片,他会怎么想?)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(One mother refrained from posting her son's photos online ↔ I kept the pictures to myself;she considered the matter from her son's perspective ↔ she took the perspective of her son)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、B 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. According to a study, more children than parents think there should be rules on parents' sharing. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 E 段(强锚点句)。E 段定位句为「They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share.」(他们引用了今年早些时候发布的一项针对 249 对亲子的研究:想给「家长可以分享什么」立规矩的孩子人数是家长的两倍。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(According to a study ↔ They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children;more children than parents think there should be rules on parents' sharing ↔ twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share)。与之话题相邻的 F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. Katlyn Burbidge had never realized she had to ask her son's approval to put his photos online. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission. 'We're big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to, but it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,' says Burbidge.」(她一直未经儿子同意就把他的照片发到网上。Burbidge 说:我们一直坚定主张身体自主权,不会强迫他去拥抱或亲吻别人,但从未想过自己应该征得他的同意再发他的照片。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Katlyn Burbidge had never realized ↔ it never occurred to me;she had to ask her son's approval to put his photos online ↔ I should ask his permission to post photos of him online)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. A mother decided not to post her son's photo online when he asked her not to. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 A 段(强锚点句)。A 段定位句为「She laughed and answered, 'Yes, I think I will.' What he said next stopped her. 'Can you not?'」(她笑着回答:是的,我打算发。接下来儿子说的话让她停了下来——你能不发吗?)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(A mother decided not to post her son's photo online when he asked her not to ↔ What he said next stopped her. 'Can you not?')。与之话题相邻的 B 段、N 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. A woman pediatrician tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experience. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「says Wendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician and executive director of digital health at Seattle Children's Hospital, where she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents.」(西雅图儿童医院儿科医生兼数字健康执行总监 Wendy Sue Swanson 说道,她在该院的博客上记录自己的育儿历程,以此帮助其他家长。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(A woman pediatrician ↔ Wendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician;tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experience ↔ she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents)。与之话题相邻的 C 段、F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. There are people who decide simply not to share their children's photos online. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 L 段(强锚点句)。L 段定位句为「Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all. Bridget O'Hanlon and her husband, who live in Cleveland, decided before their daughter was born that they would not post her photos online.」(一些家长觉得对自己最好的做法就是干脆什么都不分享。住在克利夫兰的 Bridget O'Hanlon 和她丈夫,在女儿出生前就决定不会把她的照片发到网上。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(There are people who decide simply not to share their children's photos online ↔ Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all)。与之话题相邻的 B 段、N 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. Parents and physicians should realize sharing information online about children may involve risks. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「While we didn't want to create any unnecessary panic, we did find some concerns that were troublesome, and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks.」(虽然我们不想制造没必要的恐慌,但我们的确发现了一些令人忧虑的问题,我们认为家长,或至少医生,应该意识到这些潜在风险。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Parents and physicians should realize ↔ parents or at least physicians should be aware of;sharing information online about children may involve risks ↔ those potential risks)。与之话题相邻的 D 段、F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. Parents who share their parenting experiences may find themselves intruding into their children's privacy. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2018年12月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 D 段(强锚点句)。D 段定位句为「Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy.」(Steinberg 和佛罗里达大学医学院儿科助理教授 Bahareh Keith 表示,大多数孩子可能永远不会因为家长所分享的内容而真正遇到麻烦,但家长分享自身经历的权利与孩子隐私权之间确实存在张力。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Parents who share their parenting experiences ↔ parents' rights to share their experiences;may find themselves intruding into their children's privacy ↔ a tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy)。与之话题相邻的 G 段、C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。