2021年6月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析
本页是 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 11 段共 1192 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 9 句、弱 1 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。
信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题
本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2021年6月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 11 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。
在比尔·盖茨和史蒂夫·乔布斯这样的标志性人物渗透进我们生活的一百年前,一位爱尔兰裔意大利发明家为21世纪通信的大爆发奠定了基础。古列尔莫·马可尼可以说是现代通信领域第一个真正具有全球影响力的人物。他不仅是第一个实现全球通信的人,也是第一个从全球角度思考通信的人。马可尼也许不是他那个时代最伟大的发明家,但比任何其他人都更能推动我们通信方式发生根本性转变。
今天这个全球联网的媒体和通信系统,其源头可以追溯到19世纪。那时,人们第一次通过电子方式将信息传送到遥远的地方。电报、电话和无线电,显然都是互联网、iPod和手机的先驱。把过去与现在联系起来的,是无线通信的发展。马可尼是第一个利用构成电磁波谱的、当时刚被发现的“无线电波”,开发并完善这一系统的人。
从1896年22岁的马可尼在英国申请第一项专利,到1937年他在意大利去世,马可尼始终处于电子通信每一项重大创新的中心。他同时也是一位技艺娴熟、经验老到的组织者,一位富有企业家精神的创新者,精通企业战略、媒体关系、政府游说、国际外交、专利事务以及诉讼。马可尼真正感兴趣的只有一件事:把移动的、个人的远距离通信延伸到世界的尽头(如果我们相信某些报道的话,甚至还要延伸到更远的地方)。有些人喜欢称他为天才,但如果说马可尼身上存在某种天才,那就是这种远见。
1901年,尽管科学界声称这件事不可能做到,他仍成功地发出了横跨大西洋的信号,从英国西海岸传到美国的纽芬兰。1924年,他说服英国政府运用他设计的最新技术——短波无线电——以一系列无线电台环绕全球。有人说,商业广播兴起后,马可尼失去了他的敏锐判断力;他没有看出无线电可以或应当用于无聊的用途。1937年3月,他在最后几次公开演讲中的一次、一次面向美国的无线电广播中,痛惜广播已经变成一种单向的通信手段,并预见它将朝另一个方向发展,即把通信作为一种交流手段。这就是富有远见的天才。
马可尼一生致力于让无线通信以低廉的成本、高效、顺畅地实现,并且具备一种优雅,让用户觉得它直观而简单易用,如果可以这样说的话。马可尼与今天的社交媒体、搜索引擎和节目流媒体之间存在直接联系,这种联系可以用一句无疑颇具挑衅性的话来概括:20世纪并不存在。从某种意义上说,马可尼的构想从他的时代跃进到了我们这个时代。
马可尼构想出了全球通信,或者更直白地说,全球联网、移动的无线通信。最初,这种通信是无线莫尔斯电码电报通信,即他那个时代的主要通信技术。马可尼是第一个利用无线电波开发出实用无线电报方法的人。他从许多来源借鉴了技术细节,但使他与众不同的是:一方面,他自信地看到了通信技术的力量;另一方面,他也清楚地认识到,为了巩固自己作为这一领域参与者的地位,需要采取哪些步骤。追溯马可尼的人生轨迹,就是走进现代通信本身的历史。还有其他重要人物,但无论在影响范围、力量和影响力方面,还是在他对当时大众想象力的掌控方面,马可尼都远远超过了他们。马可尼简直就是现代通信观念兴起过程中的核心人物。
在有生之年,马可尼预见了电视和传真机、GPS、雷达以及便携式手持电话的发展。在他去世前两个月,报纸报道说他正在研制一种“死亡射线”,并且“用一个复杂的装置在三英尺外杀死了一只老鼠”。到那时,马可尼所说或所做的一切都具有新闻价值。股价会随着他的言论而上涨或下跌。如果马可尼说他觉得可能会下雨,那么雨伞很可能就会被抢购一空。
马可尼的传记也是一个关于选择及其背后动机的故事。在某种层面上,马可尼可以极其自主,独立于他所属社会阶层的种种限制。在更广的意义上,他始终是一个局外人。无论走到哪里,他从来都不真正属于那个群体;他总是“另一个人”:在英国被视为外国人,在意大利被视为英国人,在美国则被视为“不属于美国”。与此同时,他还深受一种渴望得到认同的需求折磨,这种需求推动了他的每一段关系,有时也使其蒙上污点。
马可尼永久地改变了我们的生活方式。他是第一个设想出无线电频谱的实际用途,并成功地将其发展为全球通信系统的人——这里的“全球”同时具有两个含义,即遍及全世界且包罗万象。他之所以能够做到这一点,是因为多种因素的共同作用,其中最重要的是时机和机会;但他以专注和决心完成自我赋予的使命,根本上源于他的性格。马可尼的数百万同时代人拥有与他相同的阶级、性别、种族和殖民特权,但只有少数人利用这些条件做成了什么。马可尼需要实现那个在他少年时期便已在脑海中确立的目标;成年后,他凭直觉明白,要产生影响,他必须同时建立独立的经济基础,并使自己与政治权力保持一致。对政治权力自律而不加批判的忠诚,成为他作出各种选择时的指南针。
与此同时,马可尼在思想上毫不妥协地保持独立。马可尼去世后不久,核物理学家恩里科·费米——他后来很快成为曼哈顿计划的负责人——写道,马可尼证明了理论与实验是进步过程中相辅相成的要素。“除非有理论概念的指导,经验很少能够得出任何具有重大意义的结果……另一方面,如果过度相信理论上的判断,马可尼就不可能坚持进行那些注定要引发无线电通信技术革命的实验。”换句话说,马可尼的优势在于,他没有受到先入之见的束缚。
马可尼一生中最具争议的方面,也是直到现在仍没有一部令人满意的马可尼传记的原因,是他不加批判地拥护贝尼托·墨索里尼。起初,这对他而言并没有造成问题。但随着墨索里尼政权的倒退性质日益显现,他开始遭受良心危机。然而,在一生都周旋于权力圈层之后,他无法与权威决裂,并一直忠实地为墨索里尼效力,直至1937年去世——去世的时机可谓恰到好处——当时距离他不得不在那场吞噬了整个世界的冲突中表明立场已经不远,而这个世界在某种程度上正是他参与创造的。
陈述句与逐句解析
Marconi对我们当今对通信的理解起到了核心作用。
对现代通信的中心理解
Marconi was quite simply the central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication.
马可尼简直就是现代通信理解兴起过程中的中心人物。
- central to our present-day understanding of communicationthe central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication
central 一对一、present-day 等于 modern
- A
A 段虽然也是总评段,但说的是 laid the foundation of the communication explosion 与 the first truly global figure,强调的是奠基者与第一这一身份,并未提到 central to our present-day understanding 中的 central 与 understanding 这一组合。
laid the foundation of the communication explosion of the 21st century
作为成年人,Marconi有一种直觉,认为他必须忠于政治家才能具有影响力。
成年时直觉效忠政治家
by the time he reached adulthood, he understood, intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power.
到成年时,他凭直觉就明白:要产生影响,他必须既建立独立的经济基础,又让自己与政治权力结盟。
- As an adultby the time he reached adulthood
成年的两种基础表达
- had an intuitionunderstood, intuitively
名词与副词的同根转换
- had to be loyal to politicians in order to be influentialin order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power
结盟即忠诚、有影响即有效力
- K
K 段虽然也讲忠诚于政治(served Mussolini faithfully),但陈述句 had an intuition 强调的是认知形成阶段(成年时的直觉判断),K 段讲的是已成定局的具体效忠行为,时间维度与认知维度都不对应。
after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority
Marconi不赞成将无线通信用于商业广播。
反对将无线用于商业广播
There are some who say Marconi lost his edge when commercial broadcasting came along; he didn't see that radio could or should be used to frivolous(无聊的) ends.
有人说当商业广播兴起时,马可尼已经落伍;他不认为广播可以或应该被用作无聊的目的。
- disapproved of the use of wireless communication for commercial broadcastinghe didn't see that radio could or should be used to frivolous(无聊的) ends
含蓄否定表达不赞成 + radio 即 wireless
Marconi的例子表明,理论概念和实验在科学技术进步中相辅相成。
理论与实验互补
Marconi proved that theory and experimentation were complementary features of progress.
马可尼证明了理论与实验是进步的互补特征。
- theoretical concepts and experiments complement each othertheory and experimentation were complementary features of progress
complement 同根 + theory/experimentation 同根
- making progress in science and technologybring about a revolution in the technique of radio-communications
进步与革命的同义概括
Marconi真正的兴趣在于发展全球无线通信。
真正兴趣在全球无线通信
Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth (and beyond, if we can believe some reports).
马可尼真正关心的只有一件事:把移动、个人化、远距离通信延伸到地球的尽头(如果有报道可信的话,甚至更远)。
- Marconi's real interestMarconi was really interested in only one thing
real/really 同根 + only one thing 强化
- the development of worldwide wireless communicationthe extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth
extension 即 development、to the ends of the earth 即 worldwide
- E
E 段说 Marconi's career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly,描述的是他职业生涯做无线通信的方式与品质标准,并未用 real interest 这种动机性表述去定位他唯一关心的事。
Marconi's career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly
Marconi毕生致力于使无线通信简单易用。
毕生让无线通信易用
Marconi's career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user-friendly, if you will.
马可尼的职业生涯致力于让无线通信变得便宜、高效、流畅,且优雅得在用户看来直觉而不复杂——也就是用户友好。
- spent his whole lifeMarconi's career was devoted to
career devoted 即 spent whole life
- making wireless communication simple to usemaking wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user-friendly
user-friendly 与 simple to use 完全同义
- C
C 段 Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth 讲的是把通信延伸到多远,是范围维度;陈述句 simple to use 强调的是让用户用起来简单,是用户体验维度。
the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth
由于长期与当权者的联系,Marconi无法与意大利的法西斯政权切断关系。
无法与意大利法西斯政权切割
However, after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully (as president of Italy's national research council and royal academy, as well as a member of the Fascist Grand Council) until the day he died—conveniently—in 1937, shortly before he would have had to take a stand in the conflict that consumed a world that he had, in part, created.
然而,经过一生在权力圈中游走,他已无法与权威决裂,忠诚服侍墨索里尼(任意大利国家研究委员会与皇家学院主席、法西斯大议会成员),直到 1937 年他便利地去世——就在他本会被迫表态于那场吞噬世界的冲突之前不久,而这世界一定程度上正是由他参与创造的。
- his long-time connection with people in powera lifetime of moving within the circles of power
long-time 等于 lifetime、people in power 等于 circles of power
- unable to cut himself off from the fascist regime in Italyhe was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully
cut off 等于 break with、fascist regime 等于 Mussolini
- I
I 段 align himself with political power 描述的是马可尼成年时的认知决定(决定要靠拢政治),属于动机层;陈述句 unable to cut himself off 是后期已成定局的无能层,是 K 段才有的内容。
align himself with political power
在晚年,Marconi对人们生活的各个方面都产生了巨大影响。
晚年对生活各方面巨大影响
By then, anything Marconi said or did was newsworthy. Stock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.
到那时,马可尼说什么做什么都是新闻;股价随他的言论涨跌;他若说可能下雨,就会有抢购雨伞的风潮。
- In his later yearsTwo months before he died, newspapers were reporting
去世前两月即晚年
- exerted a tremendous influence on all aspects of people's lifeStock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.
抽象概括由两个具体例证承载
- A
A 段 A hundred years before iconic figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs permeated our lives 讲的是百年尺度的奠基影响,不是 later years 这一晚年具体时段的影响。
A hundred years before iconic figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs permeated our lives
连接19世纪和我们当今时代的是无线通信的发展。
无线通信连接 19 世纪与现在
What made the link from then to now was the development of wireless communication.
把那时和现在连接起来的,正是无线通信的发展。
- What connected the 19th century and our present timeWhat made the link from then to now
connected 等于 made the link、present time 等于 now
- the development of wireless communicationthe development of wireless communication
原文整短语逐字复现
尽管拥有自主权,Marconi仍感到疏离并饱受缺乏认同之苦。
自主却疏离、苦于不被接纳
At one level, Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class. On another scale, he was a perpetual outsider. Wherever he went, he was never "of" the group; he was always the "other," considered foreign in Britain, British in Italy, and "not American" in the United States. At the same time, he also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance that drove, and sometimes stained, every one of his relationships.
一方面,马可尼可以激烈地自主,独立于他自身阶级的束缚;另一方面,他又是永远的外人。无论走到哪儿,他都不属于那个群体;永远是那个他者——在英国被视为外国人、在意大利被视为英国人、在美国被视为非美国人。与此同时,他也极度苦于对被接纳的渴求,这种渴求驱动并有时玷污了他的每一段关系。
- Despite his autonomyMarconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class
autonomy 与 autonomous 同根
- felt alienatedhe was a perpetual outsider … he was never "of" the group; he was always the "other,"
outsider/other 即 alienated
- suffered from a lack of acceptancehe also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance
渴求接纳即缺乏接纳的正话反说
- K
K 段 he began to suffer a crisis of conscience 讲的是政治选择上的良心冲突,不是 alienated 这种社会身份疏离感,也不涉及 lack of acceptance 这种渴求接纳。
he began to suffer a crisis of conscience
11 个段落各讲了什么
逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。
- A
总述马可尼的历史地位:早于盖茨、乔布斯一百年,这位爱尔兰-意大利发明家奠定了 21 世纪通信爆炸的基础,是现代通信里第一位真正意义上的全球级人物,他从根本上改变了人类的沟通方式。
信息指纹 盖茨乔布斯前一百年的全球级人物
- B
今天的全球网络化媒体系统起源于 19 世纪——电报、电话、广播是互联网与手机的前身;把那时与现在连起来的,正是无线通信的发展。
信息指纹 无线通信连接 19 世纪与今天
- C
概述马可尼 1896 年至 1937 年的职业生涯:既是技术核心,又是娴熟的组织者;他真正只关心一件事——把移动、个人化、远距离通信延伸到地球的尽头。
信息指纹 唯一关心远距离移动通信
- D
1901 年跨大西洋信号、1924 年说服英国政府用短波电台环绕全球;面对商业广播兴起,他不认为广播该被用作无聊的目的,并在 1937 年广播中惋惜广播沦为单向传播,预见它将走向交流。
信息指纹 1901 跨大西洋与不喜商业广播
- E
马可尼一生致力于让无线通信变得便宜、高效、流畅且对用户友好;从他到今天的社交媒体、搜索引擎、流媒体之间存在直接连线——可以说 20 世纪并不存在,他的愿景直接跳到了我们这个时代。
信息指纹 毕生致力于让无线通信用户友好
- F
马可尼发明了全球通信的理念,是第一个用无线电波做出实用电报通讯方法的人;他借鉴多方技术,但在视野与影响力上压倒同代所有人,是现代通信理解的中心人物。
信息指纹 现代通信理解的中心人物
- G
马可尼一生预见了电视、传真、GPS、雷达和手持电话的发展;临终前两月仍在研究死亡射线,那时他的一言一行皆为新闻,连他说会下雨都会引发雨伞抢购。
信息指纹 晚年一言一行皆为新闻
- H
马可尼的传记是关于选择与动机的故事:他在一个层面强烈自主独立,另一层面却永远是外人——在英国被视为外国人、在意大利被视为英国人、在美国不是美国人;他极度渴望被接纳,这种需要影响了他每段关系。
信息指纹 自主却永为外人、渴望被接纳
- I
马可尼在我们生活方式上留下了永久印记;他在成年时凭直觉懂得:要产生影响必须既建立独立经济基础、又与政治权力结盟——对政治权力的忠诚成了他做选择的指南针。
信息指纹 成年直觉效忠政治权力以产生影响
- J
马可尼在智力上无折扣地独立;他死后不久,核物理学家费米写道:马可尼证明了理论与实验是进步的互补特征——经验若无理论指导难有大成就,但过度信任理论又会阻碍实验。
信息指纹 费米论理论与实验互补
- K
马可尼生平最具争议的一面是对墨索里尼不加批判的拥抱;当政权倒退本质显露后他陷入良心危机,但因长期在权力圈中而无法与权威决裂,一直忠诚服侍墨索里尼直到 1937 年去世。
信息指纹 无法与墨索里尼法西斯政权决裂
26 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- A hundred years before iconic figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs permeated our lives, an Irish-Italian inventor laid the foundation of the communication explosion of the 21st century.
前置时间背景加主句陈述,是阅读中很常见的写法。像 "before..." 这种用时间从属结构先铺垫、后给主信息的句式,迁移性很强。
- Not only was he the first to communicate globally, he was the first to think globally about communication.
本句整体不算很难,但兼具并列结构、否定副词前置倒装、主系表和不定式修饰几个高频知识点。对结构识别和基础时态判断都很有训练价值,适合优先练熟。
- Marconi may not have been the greatest inventor of his time, but more than anyone else, he brought about a fundamental shift in the way we communicate.
整体结构不算过分绕,但同时包含并列、插入比较语、定语从句和两种不同谓语形式,适合做结构与时态的综合训练。对于想练主干定位和从句归属判断的学习者,这句话很值得优先分析。
- Today's globally networked media and communication system has its origins in the 19th century, when, for the first time, messages were sent electronically across great distances.
主句加非限定性定语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,属于典型的说明性、学术性表达句式。关系副词 "when" 引导定语从句补充说明时间名词,是高频考点。被动语态在从句中的使用也是真题常见模式。这种句式在科技、历史类文章中反复出现,学习迁移价值高。
- What made the link from then to now was the development of wireless communication.
本句结构有代表性,主干识别上有一个很典型的易错点,而时态本身又不复杂,适合把注意力集中在结构判断上。作为“句子结构 + 时态”训练材料,优先级较高。
- Marconi was the first to develop and perfect this system, using the recently-discovered "air waves" that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.
本句时态不难,但结构上同时包含主干识别、非谓语和定语从句,训练收益较高。对于想提升句子成分划分能力的学习者,这是一句值得优先练习的中等难度材料。
- Between 1896, when he applied for his first patent in England at the age of 22, and his death in Italy in 1937, Marconi was at the center of every major innovation in electronic communication.
本句采用了 "时间状语(含从句)+ 主句" 的典型结构,这是四六级和考研阅读中极为常见的句式。前置的复杂时间状语修饰主句、时间状语从句由 "when" 引导、主句使用主系表结构说明状态,这些都是真题中反复出现的模式。掌握这种结构后,学生可以迁移到大量类似句子的理解和分析中。
- He was also a skilled and sophisticated organizer, an entrepreneurial innovator, who mastered the use of corporate strategy, media relations, government lobbying, international diplomacy, patents, and prosecution.
“主句先评价人物,再用逗号加关系从句补充说明”是很常见的书面句式。掌握这种读法后,处理人物介绍类长句会更顺。
- Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth (and beyond, if we can believe some reports).
本句涵盖了主系表结构、介词宾语、同位语、条件状语从句等多种成分,成分种类较为丰富。尤其是冒号引出同位语这一用法,对很多学习者来说是易错点,值得练习。此外,圆括号内的补充说明及其中嵌套的条件从句也能训练学生对复杂修饰关系的把握。但主句的主系表结构过于简单,缺少双宾语、宾补等更复杂的成分,因此训练价值中等偏上。
- Some like to refer to him as a genius, but if there was any genius to Marconi it was this vision.
本句展示了由 "but" 连接的并列句结构,以及条件状语从句嵌套在主句中的典型句式。there be 结构和主系表结构都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,不定式作宾语也是常考点,具有较强的代表性和迁移价值。
- In 1901 he succeeded in signaling across the Atlantic, from the west coast of England to Newfoundland in the USA, despite the claims of science that it could not be done.
这句主干不算太难,但附加成分丰富,且包含一个很典型的名词后内容说明小句,适合作为结构与时态综合训练材料。对于需要练“先找主句,再处理长修饰”的学习者,优先度较高。
- There is a direct connection from Marconi to today's social media, search engines, and program streaming that can best be summed up by an admittedly provocative exclamation: the 20th century did not exist.
句子主干明确,但后置修饰和时态变化足够提供训练价值,既不会简单到没东西可练,也不会复杂到难以下手。作为“结构加时态”的综合练习材料,优先度较高。
- He borrowed technical details from many sources, but what set him apart was a self-confident vision of the power of communication technology on the one hand, and, on the other, of the steps that needed to be taken to consolidate his own position as a player in that field.
覆盖主语从句作主语、定语从句、宾语补足语、并列表语(含省略)、目的状语等多种成分;what 既作连接词又在从句内充当主语、that 在从句内充当主语等易错点丰富,训练价值高。
- At one level, Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class.
主系表结构加情态动词是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。表语并列和介词短语修饰也是典型特征。句首状语 "At one level" 体现学术语体的常见表达方式。结构代表性较强,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- Wherever he went, he was never "of" the group; he was always the "other," considered foreign in Britain, British in Italy, and "not American" in the United States.
这句主干不算特别难,但结构层次清楚、可练点集中,非常适合做“如何稳步拆句”和“如何避免把非谓语误当谓语”的训练材料。对结构和时态的综合训练价值较高。
- He was the first person to imagine a practical application for the wireless spectrum, and to develop it successfully into a global communication system—in both terms of the word; that is, worldwide and all-inclusive.
“主语 + 系动词 + 名词表语 + 后置不定式修饰名词”是考试中很常见的压缩结构。掌握这种读法后,遇到 "the first/only/best person to do..." 一类句式都能迁移。
- He was able to do this because of a combination of factors—most important, timing and opportunity—but the single-mindedness and determination with which he carried out his self-imposed mission was fundamentally character-based; millions of Marconi's contemporaries had the same class, gender, race, and colonial privilege as he, but only a handful did anything with it.
本句成分丰富且具有典型易错点:系表结构与并列分句混合、定语从句修饰复合名词短语、'with which' 作方式状语、插入语打断主干、比较结构 'as he' 修饰宾语、'do anything with it' 的宾语与状语区分等,覆盖多种高频成分类型,非常适合作为划分成分的练习句。
- Marconi needed to achieve the goal that was set in his mind as an adolescent; by the time he reached adulthood, he understood, intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power.
全句覆盖主语、谓语、宾语、定语从句、时间状语从句、宾语从句、目的状语、方式状语、地点状语、并列结构等多种成分,且包含不定式作宾语、that 从句作宾语、定语从句修饰名词、插入语等多个易错点。句子结构丰富,成分划分训练价值高。
- "Experience can rarely, unless guided by a theoretical concept, arrive at results of any great significance…on the other hand, an excessive trust in theoretical conviction would have prevented Marconi from persisting in experiments which were destined to bring about a revolution in the technique of radio-communications."
本句的结构在考研和四六级阅读中高度典型。两个并列主句通过转折逻辑连接,每个主句内嵌一层从句,是长难句的常见模式;第一个主句中状语从句插入主句中间、省略主语和be动词,第二个主句使用虚拟语气表达假设,都是考试阅读中频繁出现的句式;定语从句修饰名词、"prevent sb from doing"等固定搭配也是常考结构。掌握本句的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量真题句子上,典型性很强。
- In other words, Marconi had the advantage of not being burdened by preconceived assumptions.
简单句配复杂宾语的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见,尤其是 "have the advantage of doing" 这类搭配;掌握后可迁移到类似的名词后接介词短语或动名词的句式,具有一定代表性。
- The most controversial aspect of Marconi's life—and the reason why there has been no satisfying biography of Marconi until now—was his uncritical embrace of Benito Mussolini.
本句覆盖了复杂主语(含并列同位语和嵌套定语从句)、系动词、表语、时间状语等多种成分,破折号插入语的识别和处理是易错点,there be 句型中形式主语与逻辑主语的区分也是高频考点,整体成分丰富且包含典型的结构陷阱,适合作为成分划分的强化练习
- However, after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully (as president of Italy's national research council and royal academy, as well as a member of the Fascist Grand Council) until the day he died—conveniently—in 1937, shortly before he would have had to take a stand in the conflict that consumed a world that he had, in part, created.
结构复杂度高、成分划分有难度、时态层次分明、句式具有典型性,作为长难句分析训练材料综合价值较高,适合用于提升学生对复杂句式的拆解能力和时态辨析能力
- Marconi was central to our present-day understanding of communication.
主系表结构在四六级和考研阅读中常见,但本句过于简短、修饰成分少,不如带有定语从句或复杂状语的主系表句更具代表性。
- Marconi spent his whole life making wireless communication simple to use.
主句后接分词结构补充说明,以及分词内部出现“宾语加补足语”,都是常见的书面句式。掌握这种读法后,迁移到说明文和人物介绍类句子里很有帮助。
- What connected the 19th century and our present time was the development of wireless communication.
本句时态简单,能把训练重点集中在结构识别上,尤其适合练习主语从句和外层主系表骨架。对句子成分分析的收益明显,适合优先学习。
- Despite his autonomy, Marconi felt alienated and suffered from a lack of acceptance.
成分种类较丰富,涵盖主语、并列谓语、系表结构、宾语(介词宾语)和让步状语,适合练习并列谓语和系表结构的识别。但成分整体较基础,缺少宾补、定语从句等复杂成分,训练价值中等。
本篇出现的 137 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- wirelessB1adj. 无线的
- powerA2n. 权力
- figureA2n. 数字
- globallyB2adv. 全球地
- wouldA1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会
- systemA2n. 系统
- globalB2adj. 全球的
- sufferB1v. 遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等)
- visionB2n. 视力
- mobileB1adj. 可移动的
- geniusB2n. 天才
- theoreticalB2adj. 理论上的
- mediumB1adj. 中等的
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- understandingB1n. 理解;领悟
- statesA1n. 国家
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- conceptB2n. 概念
- politicalB1adj. 政治的
- aspectB2n. 方面
- connectionB1n. 联系
- commercialB2adj. 商业的
- practicalB1adj. 实际的
- centralB1adj. 主要的
- meansA2n. 方法
- worldwideB1adj. 全世界的
- distanceA2n. 距离
- unableA2adj. 不能的
- lifetimeB1n. 一生,终生
- spectrumC1n. 范围
- waveA2n. 波浪
- acceptanceB2n. 接受
- foreseeB2v. 预见
- patentB2n. 专利权
- inventorB1n. 发明家
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- impactB2n. 影响
- relationshipB1n. 关系
- accordC1n. (国家、团体间的)协议
- economicB2adj. 经济的
- baseA2n. 基础
- millionA2num. 一百万
- simplyB1adv. 仅仅,只不过
- projectA2n. 项目
- opportunityB1n. 机会
- claimB1v. 声称
- factorB1n. 因素
- majorB1adj. 主要的
- careerB1n. 职业
- lackB1v. 缺少
- laterA1adv. 以后,later
- existA2v. 存在;实际上有
- sourceB1n. 来源
- conflictB2n. 冲突
- shiftB1v. 移动
- applyA2v. 申请
- internetA2n. 互联网
- strategyB2n. 策略
- crisisB2n. 危机
- mediaB1n. 大众传播媒介(报刊、电视、广播、互联网等的总称)
- featureB1n. 特征
- theoryB1n. 理论
- deviceB1n. 设备
- innovationB2n. 创新;革新(指行为或过程)
- linkA2n. 联系
- codeB1n. 代码
- detailB1n. 细节
- demonstrateB2v. 证明
- electronicB1adj. 电子的
- signalB1n. 信号
- interestedA1adj. 感兴趣的
- playerA2n. 运动员
- adolescentB2n. 青少年
- politicianB2n. 政治家
- chainB1n. 链条
- scaleB1n. 规模
- stockB1n. 库存
- consumeB2v. 消耗,耗费(燃料、能源、时间等)
- obviousB1adj. 明显的
- embraceB2v. 拥抱
- rarelyB1adv. 很少,难得,不常
- genderB1n. 性别(社会文化意义上的)
- trulyB1adv. 真正地
- revolutionB2n. 革命
- applicationB1n. 申请
- foundationB2n. 基础;根基
- successfullyB1adv. 成功地
- techniqueB1n. 技术
- motivationB2n. 动力
- technicalB2adj. 技术的
- apartB1adv. 分开地
- authorityB2n. 权力
- exchangeB1n. 交换
- burdenB2n. 负担
- convinceB1v. 说服,使相信
- grandB1adj. 宏伟的
- nuclearB2adj. 核能的
- sophisticatedC1adj. 复杂精密的
- assumptionB2n. 假定;假设(未经证实就认为是真的事)
- autonomousC1adj. 自主的
- autonomyC1n. 自主权
- combinationB1n. 结合
- corporateB2adj. 公司的
- guideA2n. 指南;手册
- imaginationB1n. 想象力
- missionB1n. 任务
- academyB2n. 学院
- fundamentalB2adj. 基本的
- influentialB2adj. 有影响力的;有权势的
- excessiveB2adj. 过多的
- originB2n. 起源
- tremendousB2adj. 巨大的
- constraintB2n. 限制
- contemporaryB2adj. 当代的
- efficientlyB2adv. 高效地
- persistB2v. 坚持
- councilB1n. 委员会
- exertB2v. 施加(力量、影响等)
- physicistB2n. 物理学家
- adulthoodB2n. 成年期
- alignB2v. 使排列成一条直线
- controversialB2adj. 有争议的
- engineA2n. 发动机,引擎
- handfulB1n. 一把;少量
- intricateC1adj. 错综复杂的
- deviseB2v. 设计
- loyaltyB2n. 忠诚
- privilegeB2n. 特权
- skilledB1adj. 熟练的
- colonialB2adj. 殖民地的
- fundamentallyC1adv. 根本上
- problematicC1adj. 有问题的
- arguablyC1adv. 可以说,可论证地
- entrepreneurialC1adj. 创业的
- significanceB2n. 重要性
- sinkA2v. 下沉
- traceB2v. 追踪;查找
全文 434 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全文去重后共 434 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 41 个 · 约 9%。
- 去重总词数
- 434
- B2 以上难词
- 9%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 75%
常见问题
围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → F · 37 → I · 38 → D · 39 → J · 40 → C · 41 → E · 42 → K · 43 → G · 44 → B · 45 → H。答案段分布:B 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · D 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · F 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · I 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句 · K 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 The Daily Beast《每日野兽》2016年8月20日文章How Marconi Gave Us the Wireless World(马可尼如何为我们缔造一个无线世界)。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
- 按锚点强弱分诊,2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 9 句 · 弱 1 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 434 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 32%、A2 及以下约 50%、B1 及以下约 75%、B2 及以下约 91%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 41 个、约占 9%。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语六级高频词?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 137 个英语六级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:wireless(本篇 12 次,adj. 无线的 | n. 无线电设备;无线电报; 无线网络;Wi-Fi)、power(本篇 6 次,n. 权力;职权; 能力;力量; 电力;动力; 强国;有影响力的组织; 乘方;幂 | v. 驱动;提供动力)、figure(本篇 4 次,n. 数字; 人物; 身材;体形; 图形;图表; 轮廓;人影 | v. 认为;估计; 出现;扮演角色)、globally(本篇 4 次,adv. 全球地;在世界范围内; 从全局角度;整体地)、would(本篇 3 次,aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会; (表示假设或虚拟)会,将; (表示礼貌的请求或建议)能否,可以; (表示过去的习惯)总是,常常; (表示意愿或偏好)想要,愿意; (表示推测或看法)大概,可能)、system(本篇 3 次,n. 系统;体系; 身体系统;器官系统; 方法;做事方式; 现行制度;社会体制)、global(本篇 3 次,adj. 全球的;世界范围的; 全面的;整体的; 球形的;球状的 | n. 全局变量(计算机编程))、suffer(本篇 3 次,v. 遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等); 遭受(损害、损失、失败等不好的事); 变差;质量下降; 容忍;忍受(正式或古语用法))。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Marconi was central to our present-day understanding of communication. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 F 段(强锚点句)。F 段定位句为「Marconi was quite simply the central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication.」(马可尼简直就是现代通信理解兴起过程中的中心人物。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(central to our present-day understanding of communication ↔ the central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. As an adult, Marconi had an intuition that he had to be loyal to politicians in order to be influential. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 I 段(强锚点句)。I 段定位句为「by the time he reached adulthood, he understood, intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power.」(到成年时,他凭直觉就明白:要产生影响,他必须既建立独立的经济基础,又让自己与政治权力结盟。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(As an adult ↔ by the time he reached adulthood;had an intuition ↔ understood, intuitively;had to be loyal to politicians in order to be influential ↔ in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power)。与之话题相邻的 K 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. Marconi disapproved of the use of wireless communication for commercial broadcasting. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 D 段(强锚点句)。D 段定位句为「There are some who say Marconi lost his edge when commercial broadcasting came along; he didn't see that radio could or should be used to frivolous(无聊的) ends.」(有人说当商业广播兴起时,马可尼已经落伍;他不认为广播可以或应该被用作无聊的目的。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(disapproved of the use of wireless communication for commercial broadcasting ↔ he didn't see that radio could or should be used to frivolous(无聊的) ends)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. Marconi's example demonstrates that theoretical concepts and experiments complement each other in making progress in science and technology. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「Marconi proved that theory and experimentation were complementary features of progress.」(马可尼证明了理论与实验是进步的互补特征。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(theoretical concepts and experiments complement each other ↔ theory and experimentation were complementary features of progress;making progress in science and technology ↔ bring about a revolution in the technique of radio-communications)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. Marconi's real interest lay in the development of worldwide wireless communication. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth (and beyond, if we can believe some reports).」(马可尼真正关心的只有一件事:把移动、个人化、远距离通信延伸到地球的尽头(如果有报道可信的话,甚至更远)。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Marconi's real interest ↔ Marconi was really interested in only one thing;the development of worldwide wireless communication ↔ the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth)。与之话题相邻的 E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. Marconi spent his whole life making wireless communication simple to use. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 E 段(弱锚点句)。E 段定位句为「Marconi's career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user-friendly, if you will.」(马可尼的职业生涯致力于让无线通信变得便宜、高效、流畅,且优雅得在用户看来直觉而不复杂——也就是用户友好。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(spent his whole life ↔ Marconi's career was devoted to;making wireless communication simple to use ↔ making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently, smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user-friendly)。与之话题相邻的 C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. Because of his long-time connection with people in power, Marconi was unable to cut himself off from the fascist regime in Italy. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 K 段(强锚点句)。K 段定位句为「However, after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully (as president of Italy's national research council and royal academy, as well as a member of the Fascist Grand Council) until the day he died—conveniently—in 1937, shortly before he would have had to take a stand in the conflict that consumed a world that he had, in part, created.」(然而,经过一生在权力圈中游走,他已无法与权威决裂,忠诚服侍墨索里尼(任意大利国家研究委员会与皇家学院主席、法西斯大议会成员),直到 1937 年他便利地去世——就在他本会被迫表态于那场吞噬世界的冲突之前不久,而这世界一定程度上正是由他参与创造的。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(his long-time connection with people in power ↔ a lifetime of moving within the circles of power;unable to cut himself off from the fascist regime in Italy ↔ he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully)。与之话题相邻的 I 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. In his later years, Marconi exerted a tremendous influence on all aspects of people's life. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「By then, anything Marconi said or did was newsworthy. Stock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.」(到那时,马可尼说什么做什么都是新闻;股价随他的言论涨跌;他若说可能下雨,就会有抢购雨伞的风潮。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(In his later years ↔ Two months before he died, newspapers were reporting;exerted a tremendous influence on all aspects of people's life ↔ Stock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. What connected the 19th century and our present time was the development of wireless communication. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「What made the link from then to now was the development of wireless communication.」(把那时和现在连接起来的,正是无线通信的发展。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(What connected the 19th century and our present time ↔ What made the link from then to now;the development of wireless communication ↔ the development of wireless communication)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. Despite his autonomy, Marconi felt alienated and suffered from a lack of acceptance. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2021年6月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「At one level, Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class. On another scale, he was a perpetual outsider. Wherever he went, he was never "of" the group; he was always the "other," considered foreign in Britain, British in Italy, and "not American" in the United States. At the same time, he also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance that drove, and sometimes stained, every one of his relationships.」(一方面,马可尼可以激烈地自主,独立于他自身阶级的束缚;另一方面,他又是永远的外人。无论走到哪儿,他都不属于那个群体;永远是那个他者——在英国被视为外国人、在意大利被视为英国人、在美国被视为非美国人。与此同时,他也极度苦于对被接纳的渴求,这种渴求驱动并有时玷污了他的每一段关系。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Despite his autonomy ↔ Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class;felt alienated ↔ he was a perpetual outsider … he was never "of" the group; he was always the "other,";suffered from a lack of acceptance ↔ he also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance)。与之话题相邻的 K 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。