2009年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England____是个待补全的陈述句，不含 infer/imply/mainly about，属于对作者明确表达的客观信息做选择。

The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England____是个『主句 + that 宾语从句』的待补全句；空位接的是宾语从句的谓语部分，意思要补成『作者认为 17 世纪新英格兰<怎么样>』，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  Puritan tradition dominated political life中『dominated political life（主导政治生活）』在第 1 段完全没有依据；原文只说清教传统主导了智识/思想生活dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life，不是政治生活。

• B)✓ 正确
  • so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits↔intellectual interests were encouraged
  • intellectual pursuits↔intellectual interests

  预判的『知识追求受高度重视』几乎一一对应到intellectual interests were encouraged，无需推断、最稳妥。

• C)无中生有

  politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors中『政治从知识努力中获益良多』在首段没有任何对应表述，作者只谈对知识追求的重视，未谈两者间的受益关系。

• D)过度推断

  intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment把『被重视』升级成『享有自由宽松的环境』，原文只有『被重视』而没说『自由』，属于过度推断。

It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders____问的是段落里所建议/说明的内容，虽含 suggested 但被锁定在某段，仍按段内事实题处理。

It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders____是『it is + 过去分词 + that 从句』的形式主语结构，真正主语是 that 从句；空位补的是 New Englanders 的谓语，要找第 2 段中对新英格兰人的核心定性。

• A)无中生有

  experienced a comparatively peaceful early history中『相对平和的早期历史』在第 2 段没有任何表达，段内谈的是文化承载与调整，不是历史氛围。

• B)✓ 正确
  • carriers of European culture↔brought with them the culture of the Old World

  预判中的『把欧洲文化带过来』与brought with them the culture of the Old World在动作主体、动作内容、对象上完全一致。

• C)与原文相反

  原文是『与南方知识生活的考察保持一致』in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life，意思是作者的研究方法和南方对齐；选项paid little attention to southern intellectual life却说『几乎不关注南方知识生活』，方向相反。

• D)过度推断

  段中提到清教徒的神学创新等是important subjects that we may not neglect，意思是不应忽视，并不等于『沉迷/痴迷』；选项were obsessed with religious innovations中 obsessed 程度过重。

The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay____待补全句，问『这群人具体做了什么』，是对文段客观陈述的复述选择。

The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay____主语是由 and 并列的两类人，谓语就是要补的空；理解时把两类人合在一起当一个主语处理即可，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  原文说他们的著作reaching both New World and Old World audiences，影响及于新旧两大陆；选项were famous in the New World for their writings只说在新世界出名，把影响范围缩到一半，且 famous 也无原文明文依据，属以偏概全。

• B)无中生有

  gained increasing importance in religious affairs中『在宗教事务中重要性日益增加』在第 3 段没有任何对应；段中只谈他们著述影响和智识氛围，没说他们在宗教中地位变化。

• C)过度推断

  原文说 John Winthropan educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston，说明他来新世界之前担任王室官员；并未说他『放弃高位』，文段只交代身份并未说他放弃。选项abandoned high positions before coming to the New World强加 abandoned 这一动作。

• D)✓ 正确
  • giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness↔created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England
  • wrote and published extensively↔created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

  预判中的『营造出新英格兰的智识氛围』完全对应created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England。

题干The story of John Dane shows that明示 Dane 的故事是论据，问的是它『证明了什么』，是典型的『例子→论点』题。

The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often____主语是 The story of John Dane，谓语 shows 引出宾语从句；从句主语是受教育较少的新英格兰人，谓语 were often 后接空白，要补的是该群体的常见特征，注意 often 暗示这是共性而非个例。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality↔influenced by superstitions
  • filled with signs↔influenced by superstitions

  预判中的『迷信色彩』直接对应 A 项的 superstitions，例子和论点双重支撑，A 最稳。

• B)与原文相反

  原文说Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope——宗教是 hope（希望），不是 troubled（困扰）；选项troubled with religious beliefs在情感方向上与原文相反。

• C)张冠李戴

  段末One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches是作者本人在好奇/揣测 Dane 对布道的看法，并不等于 Dane 本人被布道弄糊涂；选项puzzled by church sermons张冠李戴。

• D)偷换概念

  原文是economic frustrations——泛指经济上的挫折；选项frustrated with family earnings把它具体化为『家庭收入』，偷换了概念范围；且 family earnings 也不是文本所言。

The text suggests that early settlers in New England____要求对全文谈到的早期定居者做整体归纳，主语 the text + 全文性话题双重信号锁定主旨题。

The text suggests that early settlers in New England____是『主语 + suggests + that 宾语从句』结构，从句主语 early settlers in New England 接待补谓语；意思上要补『文章暗示这些定居者<整体上是怎样的>』，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  were mostly engaged in political activities中『大多从事政治活动』只能对应第 3 段中的政治领袖部分，无法覆盖第 4 段工匠/农民和第 5 段渔民；且 mostly 在原文也无依据。

• B)过度推断

  were motivated by an illusory prospect中『被一种虚幻的前景驱动』是负面评价；原文虽提到religious hope，但作者未将其定性为『虚幻』，第 5 段中 catch fish 更是实在的世俗动机，与 illusory 相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • These men wrote and published extensively↔came from different intellectual backgrounds
  • Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality↔came from different intellectual backgrounds
  • Our main end was to catch fish↔came from different intellectual backgrounds

  C 是唯一能同时覆盖第 3、4、5 段三类人的归纳；其它选项要么只覆盖某一段，要么与原文不符。

• D)以偏概全

  原文是While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed，只说工匠和农民等基层人留下的文字少，并未说全体早期定居者『几乎没留下正式记录』；第 3 段明确说牧师和政治领袖wrote and published extensively，与 D 项相矛盾。