英语四级真题中的独立主格结构

And add to that the rush-hour crowds with strangers packed close together in the subway carriages, the whole thing is just horrible.

再加上高峰时段地铁车厢里陌生人挤在一起的人群，整个事情简直太可怕了。

With genetic testing becoming increasingly popular, many people are left wondering exactly how accurate it is.

随着基因检测变得越来越流行，许多人被留下来确切地想知道它有多准确。

The majority of her customers drive, with many coming from nearby towns.

她的大多数顾客开车，其中许多来自附近的城镇。

The problem is that, with the fibre removed, fruit juice's fructose is absorbed more quickly.

问题在于，随着纤维被去除，果汁的果糖被吸收得更快。

Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.

发射通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，在几分钟内燃烧大量燃料。

In the 1970s through the 1990s, protein products remained visible but moved back somewhat with the dietary spotlight firmly fixed on low-calorie, low-fat, sugar-free snack foods and beverages following the publication of studies linking sugar and saturated(饱和的) fat consumption to heart disease.

在20世纪70年代到90年代期间，蛋白质产品仍然可见，但随着饮食焦点牢牢固定在低热量、低脂肪、无糖零食和饮料上，其地位有所后退，这是在发表了将糖和饱和脂肪消费与心脏病联系起来的研究之后。

All of this considered, the road forward for self-driving cars is not going to be a smooth ride after all.

考虑到所有这一切，自动驾驶汽车的前进道路终究不会是一帆风顺的。

According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise.

根据凯恩斯的说法，将会有一个更短的工作周，同时每个人的生活水平继续提高。

What both sides accept is that there has been a boom in the past few months, with increasing numbers of visitors pitching their tents on any bit of land they fancy in the UK.

双方都接受的是，在过去几个月里出现了繁荣景象，越来越多的游客在英国任何他们喜欢的地方搭起帐篷。

The board of free meals inside the restaurant shows a host of potential meals already paid for by customers, each costing about $10.

餐厅内的免费餐食公告板显示了许多已由顾客支付的潜在餐食，每一份价格约为10美元。

Finally, the rising cost of bread is considered to be a factor, with the price of a French stick loaf increasing by nearly 25% in the last 10 years.

最后，面包价格的上涨被认为是一个因素，过去10年中法式长棍面包的价格上涨了近25%。

The National Association of French Millers says bread consumption is on the decline, with French people eating nine grams less than in the previous year.

法国磨坊主全国协会表示面包消费正在下降，法国人比上一年少吃九克。

All things considered, I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university, and having an educational experience in Washington, D.C., that I would not have had anywhere else.

全面考虑后，我支付的费用明显低于我的大学的学费，并且正在华盛顿特区拥有我在其他任何地方都不会有的教育经历。

The problem has ballooned in the last 10 years, with frauds becoming more and more sophisticated.

这个问题在过去10年里急剧恶化，欺诈手段变得越来越复杂。

You know that part at the end of a job interview when the hiring manager asks if you have any questions, and you just stare across the table blankly with your mouth hanging open?

你知道在求职面试结束时的那个环节吗？招聘经理会问你是否有任何问题，而你只是目瞪口呆地盯着桌子对面，嘴巴张着。

With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognise it as a disease?

随着肥胖症目前影响着英格兰29%的人口，并预计到2030年将上升到35%，我们现在是否应该将其认定为一种疾病？

Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations on connecting flights from Denver, with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead.

这两只狗在从丹佛转机时都被送往了错误的目的地，而巴迪则被错误地送往了日本。

The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants' smartphones in their line of sight.

第一组被告知在其参与者的智能手机处于他们视线范围内的情况下完成拼图。

Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.

躺在床上，眼睛闭着，录音中的一位女患者表演她之前学过的舞蹈动作。

Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo.

在他构想这座城市三十年后，帕克的“孩子”已接近70%完工，有36000人居住在商业区，大松岛有90000名居民。

With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years.

随着成本下降以及厨房电器成为“身份”物品，业主们平均在八年后扔掉微波炉。

The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.

新的慢性疾病发病的发生率也随着时间的推移而增加，丈夫比妻子出现严重健康问题的情况更多。

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.

加利福尼亚州多年来一直面临干旱，某些地区甚至不得不将淡水抽取数百英里输送到他们的分配系统。

Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016.

销售额已从2014年的500万美元翻倍至2015年的1000万美元，2016年计划开设25家新分店。

Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.

此外，市场的未来看起来远非乐观，预计销售额在2016年将进一步下降至11.1亿英镑。

The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was sufficient to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying increased eye movement speeds.

咖啡因，相当于两杯浓咖啡的量，足以逆转这种效果，一些 cyclists 甚至表现出眼动速度的增加。

Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco.

安道尔，面积约200平方英里，比摩纳哥大得多。

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.

自工业化以来，维持如此缓慢的文化新陈代谢变得困难得多，长时间的午餐缩减为能塞进午餐桶或在食品摊买到的任何东西。

A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal.

一个对自己将搬往何处有过意见输入，并且有时间去适应它的人，在其他因素相同的情况下，在养老院可能会和在小型 residential care home 一样过得好。

The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down.

那个小男孩垂着头和肩，走出了学校。

While the majority of people you meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers—theft being the most common.

虽然你在旅行时遇到的大多数人肯定是友好且热情的，但存在危险——盗窃是最常见的。

Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the "send" button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program.

想象一下参加一场大学考试，并且，不是交上一本蓝皮答题册，几周后从教授那里得到一个成绩，而是在你完成后点击“发送”按钮，立即收到成绩，你的论文由一个软件程序评分。

"It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally(吸引) drawn toward resubmitting the work until they get it right," said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.

"它让学生能够获得关于他们作业的即时反馈，因此学习变成了一种游戏，学生自然被吸引去重新提交作业直到他们做对为止，" Coursera的联合创始人、计算机科学家达芙妮·科勒说道。

Wide awake at 3:30 am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I've ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

凌晨三点半，我和九岁的女儿在小屋的阳台上毫无睡意。我凝望了几个小时那片我见过的最令人惊叹的夜空，直到黎明缓缓抹去地平线上的星辰，几颗流星也渐渐消逝。

In 1990, Hayes organized a global Earth Day, with more than 200 million participants in 140 countries.

1990年，海耶斯组织了一个全球性的地球日，有来自140个国家的超过2亿参与者。

Height, for example, depends on hundreds of genes, each contributing a little to the outcome, together with a bunch of environmental factors.

例如，身高取决于数百个基因，每个基因对结果都有一点贡献，还有一堆环境因素。

The ideal level of perfectly livable habitat was found to be only 80% of an area, with the remainder either too harsh or too affected by human activity.

完美宜居栖息地的理想水平被发现仅为一个区域的80%，其余部分要么过于恶劣，要么受人类活动影响过大。

With so much emphasis on employee wellness these days, company volunteer programs could be the perfect 2025 resolution.

如今对员工健康有如此多的重视，公司志愿者项目可能会是完美的2025年决议。

Anyone who is hungry and wants something to eat can take one, no questions asked and hand it to the staff for some food.

任何饥饿且想吃东西的人都可以拿一个，无需提问，并把它交给工作人员换取一些食物。

15 minutes and a few clicks later, with more than $350 worth of dolls in her cart, Kate placed the order and ran off to play.

15分钟和几次点击之后，购物车里有价值超过350美元的玩偶，凯特下了订单然后跑去玩了。

They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice.

他们主张我们应该用其他饮料代替它们，其中水是最佳选择。

In 2017 there were 1,632 cases of reported "villa fraud(诈骗)", with victims losing an average of £2,052, according to Action Fraud, the national center for reporting such frauds.

2017年，有1,632起报告的“别墅诈骗”案件，受害者平均损失2,052英镑，根据负责报告此类欺诈的国家中心“反欺诈行动”（Action Fraud）的数据。

The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten, date unknown.

另一幅是17世纪荷兰艺术家塞缪尔·范·霍格斯特拉滕所画的一幅男孩肖像画，日期未知。

This would be a form of expropriation(侵占), with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer.

这将是一种侵占的形式，员工承担传统上由雇主支付的生产成本。

First Minister Nicola Sturgeon welcomed the pledge, and said: "Today's announcement between ScottishPower and Glasgow City Council—to make Glasgow the UK's first net-zero city—is a very welcome step. Reaching our goals will need exactly this kind of partnership approach—with government, business, local authorities and citizens all playing their part."

首席部长尼古拉·斯特金对这一承诺表示欢迎，并说：“今天苏格兰电力公司和格拉斯哥市议会之间的宣布——使格拉斯哥成为英国第一个净零城市——是非常受欢迎的一步。实现我们的目标将恰恰需要这种伙伴关系方法——政府、企业、地方当局和公民都发挥他们的作用。”

Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities.

回归正常生活可能很困难，但一些小的日常事务——邮件递送就是其中之一——可能帮助居民记住他们的社区仍然是他们的社区。

And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

并且根据皮尤研究中心一项关于女性与领导力的新调查，大多数美国人认为女性在关键领导特质上与男性没有区别，例如智力和创新能力，许多人表示她们在成为充满激情和有条理的领导者方面比男性更强。

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm.

在过去的一个世纪里人们变得更高了，韩国女性平均身高激增超过20厘米，伊朗男性身高增加了16.5厘米。

What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.

相反，已经改变的是成年早期采用不同生活方式的相对比例，随着浪漫伴侣关系的减少，使得居家生活在一个更加不统一的生活安排列表中位居榜首。

While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

虽然20世纪初期乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加，但近年来这一趋势已经逆转，18岁人群的身高在下降。