2015年6月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What does the woman intend to do?

本人 I'm suggesting 直接表态。女方用 I'm suggesting exporting 第一人称直陈自己的主张，这种说话人本人 I'm suggesting / I want 的直接表态句，就是意图题的答案信号。

• I'm suggesting exporting↔Export bikes to foreign marketsexporting=出口到海外市场

• B)原词陷阱录音开头女方说 get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now，是要先摸清现状这个最新的全貌；选项把 up-to-date 偷接到 technology 上变成采用最新技术，纯属盗词错配，女方从没说要上新技术。

  借用原文：get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now

• D)张冠李戴Expand their domestic business 对应的是男方那句 Why don't we just concentrate on expanding here at home?，是男方的提议、也是女方要劝离的方向；女方虽承认要 hold on to our position here，但她的意图是往外出口，不是扩张国内。

  借用原文：Why don't we just concentrate on expanding here at home?

• A)未提及整段对话女方没有任何劝男方加入她公司的内容，Persuade the man to join her company 是凭空添加的情节，录音里两人本就是同事在商量公司决策。

Why does the man think it's safe to focus on the home market?

safe 后紧跟的因果解释。男方先说 it's safe，紧接着 The government keeps out foreigners with import controls 就是对 safe 的因果解释，安全的原因正落在这句对 safe 的说明上。

• The government keeps out foreigners with import controls↔The government has control over bicycle imports挡外人=管控进口

• C)原词陷阱录音确有 compete with the best 一类说法（女方 we can compete with the best of them、男方 hold our own against foreign bikes），但那是讲出口也有竞争力，不是守国内安全的原因；选项 They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers 还把对象偷换成 domestic 国内厂商。

  借用原文：I feel sure we could hold our own against foreign bikes

• D)原词陷阱They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices 几乎照搬男方第6段原话 we have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices，但那是男方在说卖到海外更赚钱的理由，跟守国内安全无关，是把别处的原话搬来骗你。

  借用原文：we have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices

• A)未提及The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises 提到的国家补贴中小企业，全段对话从未出现，是凭空添加的内容。

What is the man's concern about selling bikes abroad?

but wait a minute 后的转折顾虑。男方用 But, wait a minute 强转折提醒注意，后面 push up our costs and we could end up no better off, maybe worse off 就是他的担忧落点——转折信号后才是真正的顾虑。

• push up our costs and we could end up no better off, maybe worse off↔Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad成本推高致更糟=吃掉利润

• C)原词陷阱录音多处出现 foreign bikes（如 hold our own against foreign bikes），选项 They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers 借这个熟悉对象编出竞争失败的担忧；可男方第8段的顾虑是成本，而且双方都觉得能跟外商竞争，并不担心竞争输掉。

  借用原文：I feel sure we could hold our own against foreign bikes

• B)原词陷阱男方确实念到 Packaging 这个词，但他说的是包装会推高成本，不是 More workers will be needed to do packaging 需要更多工人；选项盗用 packaging 一词、嫁接了录音没说的加人手结论。

  借用原文：Packaging, shipping, financing, etc. will push up our costs

• D)未提及It is very difficult to find suitable local agents 说的找本地代理难，全段对话从未涉及代理一事，是凭空添加。

What do the speakers agree to do?

but yes 后的拍板句。男方先说 I'm not that hopeful，再用 But, yes, I think we should go ahead with a feasibility study 转折后给出肯定结论——but yes 之后才是双方最终一致同意要做的事。

• I think we should go ahead with a feasibility study↔Conduct a feasibility studygo ahead with=conduct

• A)未提及Report to the management 说的向管理层汇报，对话里两人自行拍板，从未提到上报管理层，是凭空添加。
• B)原词陷阱Attract foreign investments 借了对话里 foreign、financing 的氛围，但吸引外国投资这件事录音从未提，financing 指的是出口环节的融资成本，不是引资。

  借用原文：Packaging, shipping, financing, etc. will push up our costs

• D)原词陷阱女方说过 It's going to need a lot of research，选项 Consult financial experts 蹭了要做研究的氛围编成咨询财务专家，但录音从没说要找专家，且双方一致同意的是 feasibility study，不是咨询专家。

  借用原文：It's going to need a lot of research

What do we usually refer to when we talk about energy according to the man?

we think of 引出界定。答案信号是男士用 we think of petroleum 把"谈能源时通常指什么"直接答出来：紧跟其后的 a fossil fuel processed from oil removed from the ground 就是对"能源通常指什么"的具体界定，这句就是答案句。

• processed from oil removed from the ground↔refined from oil extracted from underground同义改写：加工＝精炼、地下＝地下

• A)原词陷阱A Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes. 借了原文 for our homes 的 homes 一词来制造耳熟，但原文说的是 petroleum（石油），不是 coal（煤），答非所问。

  借用原文：energy or fuel for our homes and cars

• B)张冠李戴B Anything that can be used to produce power. 听起来像"能源"的泛指定义，但原文里能产生动力的"风、太阳、水"指的是 alternative fuels（替代燃料），不是题干问的"谈能源时通常指什么"。把替代能源的范围安到了普通能源头上。

  借用原文：alternative fuels can be many things—wind, sun and water

• D)未提及D Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running. 把能源说成"驱动机器的电"，但原文男士界定能源时指的是石油，全程未把它界定为电，属未提及。

What do most experts agree on according to the man?

Most experts agree 直接领出答案。答案信号是原词 Most experts agree that——题干问的正是"专家同意什么"，这句开头就是。紧接的 by around 2025 给出年份、production and availability will begin to seriously decline 给出走势，构成完整结论。

• by around 2025↔by 2025年份原样保留
• production and availability will begin to seriously decline↔Oil production will begin to decline worldwidedecline 同词、走势一致

• A)原词陷阱A Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources. 借了对话反复出现的 alternative（替代）一词，但原文专家结论说的是石油"减产"，从没说石油"很快被替代"，是听到耳熟词就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：alternative fuels can be many things

• B)与原文相反B Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade. 说"十年内耗尽"，但原文明说 This is not to say there will be no petroleum at this point.（并不是说那时就没石油了），程度被夸大，与原文相反。

  借用原文：This is not to say there will be no petroleum at this point.

• C)张冠李戴C Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems. 像在概括"全球变暖"等危害，但那是男士回答第8题方向时讲的，不是"专家同意"的内容，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：long-term negative effects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect

What does the man think we should do now?

have to＋the sooner the better 双重建议。答案信号是必要性词 we have to find other fuel sources eventually 加上 the sooner we start, the better off we will be——have to 与"越早越好"叠在一起，明确主张"现在就该开始找替代燃料"，这就是答案句。

• find other fuel sources↔developing alternative fuelsother fuel sources＝alternative fuels
• the sooner we start, the better off we will be↔Start developing alternative fuels.the sooner we start＝现在就 Start

• A)原词陷阱A Minimize the use of fossil fuels. 借了原文反复出现的 fossil fuels，但男士主张的是"去找别的燃料"，并没说要"减少使用化石燃料"，听到耳熟词就误选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：whether we have 60 or 600 years of fossil fuels left

• C)原词陷阱C Find the real cause for global warming. 借了原文末尾的 global warming，但原文只把全球变暖列为危害，从没主张"去找它的真正原因"，张冠李戴／未提及。

  借用原文：like global warming and the greenhouse effect

• D)原词陷阱D Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect. 借了原文 greenhouse effect，但那是被列举的危害，男士主张的是开发替代燃料，不是"采取措施减温室效应"，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：global warming and the greenhouse effect

How do fossil fuels affect the environment?

when you burn…you release 讲影响机制。答案信号是描述影响过程的句式 when you burn fossil fuels, you release substances——题干问"如何影响环境"，这句正给出"燃烧→释放被封存的物质→负面影响"的机制，是答案句。

• when you burn fossil fuels↔when they are burned主动改被动，意思不变
• you release substances trapped in the ground↔They release harmful substancessubstances 同词，harmful 概括其负面

• B)未提及B They dissolve in the water and cause a waste of water. 说化石燃料溶于水、浪费水，原文只讲"释放被封存的物质"，从没提溶水或浪费水，属未提及。
• C)过度推断C They release poisonous gas and lead to pollution. 用了原文同款 release，但原文只笼统说 release substances（释放物质），并没说是"有毒气体"、也没说"污染"，C 把范围悄悄缩小、属过度推断。

  借用原文：you release substances trapped in the ground for a long time

• D)原词陷阱D They are burned inefficiently resulting in a waste of resources. 借了原文的 burn，但原文谈的是燃烧释放物质造成的环境危害，从没说"燃烧低效、浪费资源"，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：when you burn fossil fuels

What is said to make a good department store buyer?

have to + not only…but also 点明硬性要求。这句用 have to 反复强调 "必须"，又用 not only…but also 把两项要求并列，是录音里唯一正面交代 "做这行必须具备什么" 的句子，这种 "必须/才能" 的语气就是答案信号。

• have to guess what will become fashionable next season or next year↔The ability to predict fashion trends"猜测将来流行什么"="预测流行趋势"

• B)未提及A refined taste for artistic works. 看似与 "采购、商品" 沾边，但录音通篇只说要懂流行、会猜趋势，从没说需要 "对艺术品的高雅品味"，属凭话题硬凑的未提及项。
• C)未提及Years of practical experience. 是考生凭常识（干这行当然要经验）容易脑补的，但录音强调的是 "要懂流行、会预测"，从未提 "多年实践经验"，属未提及。
• D)未提及Strict professional training. 同样是常识联想，录音只讲从业者得知道并预测流行，没有任何 "严格专业训练" 的表述，属未提及。

What does Karen's job involve?

job involves 直接点题。录音 Her job involves 与题干 What does Karen's job involve? 几乎逐词照应，是原文直接交代职责的标志句，听到 involve 这个词即可锁定本句为答案句。

• buying handicrafts from all over the world↔Purchasing handicrafts from all over the worldbuying=Purchasing 的近义替换

• A)偷换概念Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties. 盗用了录音里 hand-made/handicrafts 的话题词，却把动作 buying（采购）换成 Promoting（推广）、把范围 from all over the world 换成 American，方向和范围全反了，是偷换概念。

  借用原文：buying handicrafts from all over the world

• B)原词陷阱Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments. 盗用了录音 government offices that promote handicrafts 里的 government，但录音说的是各国政府办事处 "乐于配合她"，并非她的工作内容是 "加强与外国政府合作"，属答非所问的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：government offices that promote handicrafts

• C)未提及Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas. 用 art works、overseas、dealers 制造 "海外艺术品交易" 的画面，但录音只说她去各国采购手工艺品，从没提 "与海外商人做艺术品贸易"，属未提及。

Why does Karen think she has got the best job?

结论句 + 紧随的 loves 与 because。录音先给结论 thinks she has the best job，紧跟着用 She loves all the travelling 和 because 给出理由，结论句加感情动词 loves 加因果连词 because，三重信号叠加锁定这就是答案句。

• She loves all the travelling that she has to do↔She is doing what she enjoys doing"热爱要做的旅行"="在做自己喜欢的事"

• A)原词陷阱She has access to fashionable things. 盗用了录音前文 what is fashionable 的 fashionable，但那是讲 "采购员要懂流行"，不是她觉得工作好的理由；她给的理由是热爱旅行，A 答非所问，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：what is fashionable at the moment

• C)未提及She can enjoy life on a modest salary. 把 "快乐" 嫁接到 "不高的薪水" 上，但录音通篇没出现任何关于工资、收入的内容，是凭常识脑补的未提及项。
• D)过度推断She is free to do whatever she wants. 用 free、whatever 把意思夸大成 "想做什么就做什么"，但录音只说她热爱必须做的旅行、能去偏僻地方，并没有说她在工作上 "自由到为所欲为"，属过度推断。

What did Mark think he should start doing?

结尾点题句 a good place to start。篇章结尾 that's a good place to start 是全文的落点——前面铺垫他帮陌生人、读到公交上小小善举会积累起来的海报，这句把这些收束成该从这儿开始行动，正是答他要开始做什么的信号句。

• take part in his community↔Get involved in his communitytake part in 等于 get involved in，同义替换
• that's a good place to start↔Get involved in his community结尾该开始呼应开头参与社区

• A)原词陷阱录音里 neighborhood meeting、Just being neighborly 反复出现 neighbor 一类词，选项 Join in neighborhood patrols. 借 neighborhood 这个原词诱选，但 patrols 即巡逻只在墙上图表里作为问题之一被提及，他从没说要去参加巡逻。

  借用原文：Police patrols cut back

• C)原词陷阱city council woman 在录音里出现过，选项 Voice his complaints to the city council. 借 city council 原词诱选；但 Mark 结尾是积极地想参与，不是去抱怨即 complaints，方向正好相反。

  借用原文：The area city council woman was leading a discussion

• D)原词陷阱录音里 People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman，选项 Make suggestions to the local authorities. 把向当局提建议这个原文动作搬来诱选；但这是会上别人该做的事，Mark 当时反而觉得 this is a waste of my time，结尾他决定的是参与社区、不是去提建议。

  借用原文：People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman

What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?

话题引出句 a discussion about。leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline 里 discussion about 直接点出讨论的主题就是生活质量在下滑，是回答在讨论什么的信号句。

• the quality of life was on the decline↔Deterioration in the quality of lifeon the decline 等于 Deterioration，名词化替换

• B)与原文相反录音图表里念到 Police patrols cut back 即巡逻被削减，选项 Increase of police patrols at night. 借 police patrols 原词诱选，却把 cut back 即削减反成 Increase 即增加，极性正好相反，而且 patrols 只是墙上诸多问题之一，不是讨论主题。

  借用原文：Police patrols cut back

• C)原词陷阱录音 problems in vacant buildings 出现过 vacant buildings，选项 Renovation of the vacant buildings. 借这个原词诱选；但录音只说空楼有问题，从没提 Renovation 即翻修，且它只是图表上的一项，不是会议讨论主题。

  借用原文：problems in vacant buildings

• D)未提及选项 Violation of community regulations. 说的违反社区规定，录音通篇没出现 regulations 或违规一说，属凭空捏造，与讨论主题无关。

What did Mark think of the community's problems?

主观评价句 too much 与 too big。The problems are too big 是 Mark 直接说出的判断，紧接着 Nothing I could do would make a difference here 即我做什么都改变不了，补足了太大、个人无能为力的态度，是答他看法的信号句。

• The problems are too big↔They are too big for individual effortstoo big 原意保留，补出个人办不了
• Nothing I could do would make a difference here↔for individual efforts我个人改变不了等于超出个人之力

• A)未提及选项 They may take a long time to solve. 即要花很久才能解决听上去合理，但 Mark 的原话只说问题太大、个人无力，从没提及耗时长，是顺着常识推过头、录音无据。
• B)原词陷阱录音里 city council woman 出现过 city，选项 They need assistance from the city. 借 city 原词诱选；但 Mark 的态度是太大、自己没用，从没说需要市里援助，把熟词拼了个录音没有的看法。

  借用原文：The area city council woman

• C)未提及选项 They have to be dealt with one by one. 即得一个个处理，录音里既无 one by one 之意、Mark 也没表达过这种看法，纯属无中生有。

Why did Mark smile on his ride home?

微笑前的善举情节加点睛海报。他笑之前刚做了好事：picked up the stray groceries 并说 Just being neighborly，又读到海报 Small acts of kindness add up；正是这件善举加上海报让他释然微笑，这段情节就是答原因的信号。

• Just being neighborly↔He had done a small deed of kindness做个好邻居等于做了件善事，详述到概括
• Small acts of kindness add up↔a small deed of kindnessacts of kindness 与 deed of kindness 同义

• A)原词陷阱录音 groceries started to fall out、picked up the stray groceries 反复出现 groceries，选项 He had got some groceries at a big discount. 借这个高频原词诱选；但那是别人即那位女士的杂货、是 Mark 帮忙捡的，根本不是他打折买到的，big discount 纯属捏造。

  借用原文：he picked up the stray groceries

• B)原词陷阱录音确有 glanced at the poster near his seat，选项 He had read a funny poster near his seat. 借 poster near his seat 原词诱选；但海报内容是 Small acts of kindness add up 即小善举会积累，是发人深省、不是 funny 即搞笑，把性质偷换了。

  借用原文：he glanced at the poster near his seat in the bus

• D)偷换概念录音里那位女士夸他 You've got great timing 即你来得真及时，选项 He had caught the bus just in time. 借 timing 这层意思诱选；但 great timing 指他及时救了孩子，不是刚好赶上公交，他微笑是为善举，不是赶上车。

  借用原文：You've got great timing

What is the talk mainly about?

开头点题句。篇章独白的主旨往往落在开头：首句 increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories 就点出全篇主线——靠"重组工作、建工厂"这种更好的生产组织方式来提产量，后面两段（鞋业工作体系、工厂机器）都在展开这条主线。

• reorganizing work and building factories↔Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods概括式同义替换

• A)未提及The difficulties of industrialization in North America. 说工业化的"困难"，但全篇只讲工业化带来的成就（产量、生活水平上升），从未讲它有多难，difficulties 是凭 North America 这个原词制造的话题陷阱，内容未提及。

  借用原文：Industrialization came to the United States

• B)偷换概念The influence of industrialization on people's life. 抓的是 boosted output and living standards 里"生活水平"那半句，但"对生活的影响"只是结果之一，全篇主线是"如何改进生产方式"，把一个支线结果当主旨，范围偏小。

  借用原文：boosted output and living standards

• C)与原文相反The negative effect of industrialization in North America. 强调"负面影响"，但全篇基调是正面的（产量提升、生活变好）；唯一沾点负面的 eroded workers' control 只是鞋业一段里的一句，远不足以成为主旨，方向与全篇相反。

  借用原文：eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor

Why does the speaker mention the shoe industry?

For example 前的论点句。举例信号 For example 紧跟在论点句 had broadened the scope of the work system 之后——鞋业这个例子正是为了印证"企业家在没有技术改进的情况下、靠扩展工作体系提高产量"这个论点，论点句才是答案落点。

• had broadened the scope of the work system↔using an extended work system同义改写
• even without technological improvements↔increased output by using an extended work system排除技术、坐实工作体系

• B)与原文相反used technological improvements to increase output 盗用了原文 technological improvements 这个原词，但录音原话是 even without technological improvements——恰恰是"没有技术改进"，B 把"没有技术"偷换成"靠技术"，正好说反。

  借用原文：even without technological improvements

• C)原词陷阱how rural workers responded to shoe bosses 拼接了原文的 rural women、shoe boss 等原词，但原文只说这套体系 made the employer a powerful shoe boss、工人被动失去控制，从没讲工人如何"回应"老板；这是借原词制造的答非所问。

  借用原文：made the employer a powerful shoe boss

• D)偷换概念improved the quality of shoes 借了原文 shoes，但原文讲的是工作体系 increased the output of shoes while cutting the price（增产、降价），是"数量与价格"，从未说提高了"质量"，质量是无中生有。

  借用原文：increased the output of shoes while cutting the price

According to the talk, how did later mills differ from the mill built by Oliver Evans?

Subsequently 引出的对比。转折/递进信号 Subsequently（后来）把两个对象的动力来源摆出对比：Evans 那座 driven by water power（水力），后来的工厂 new improved stationary steam engines（蒸汽机），差异点就在"动力来源"。

• new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills↔used new technology to produce power具体到概括的同义替换

• A)与原文相反They were located away from large cities. 说后来工厂"远离大城市"，但原文恰说蒸汽机让他们 build factories in the nation's largest cities（建在最大城市），away from cities 与原文正相反。

  借用原文：build factories in the nation's largest cities

• C)张冠李戴They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in barrels. 拼了原文 flour、barrels、cool 等原词，但原文讲的是 Evans 的机器 allow it to cool as it descended into barrels（让面粉冷却后入桶），这是 Evans 那座厂的特征、且是"让其冷却"，C 既张冠李戴又把"让冷却"说成"不让冷却"。

  借用原文：conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels

• D)偷换概念They combined technology with the work system. 把第3段的 technology 与第2段的 work system 两个原词拼到一起，但原文从未说后来工厂"把技术与工作体系结合"，第3段只讲蒸汽机供能，结合之说属无中生有。

  借用原文：broadened the scope of the work system

Which of the following is mentioned as a result of improvements in factory machinery?

因果词 enabled。因果信号 This new technology enabled them（这项新技术使他们得以……）直接把"机器改进"与其结果挂上：结果是进城建厂，进而 taking advantage of urban inexpensive labor…and eager customers——更易得到廉价劳力（工人）与顾客。

• urban inexpensive labor↔to find workers下位到上位的替换
• eager customers↔and customers原义同指

• B)与原文相反Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers. 说要雇"更熟练的工人"，但原文是工厂进城利用 inexpensive labor（廉价劳力），且工作体系本就在削减对 skilled shoemakers 的依赖，方向与"更熟练工人"相反。

  借用原文：urban inexpensive labor

• C)原词陷阱The amount of power required for factories' operation was reduced. 借了原文反复出现的 power，但原文只说蒸汽机 to power their mills（供能），从没说运转所需动力"减少了"，reduced 是无中生有。

  借用原文：steam engines to power their mills

• D)未提及Factories could operate more than one engine at a time. 借了原文 steam engines 的 engine，但原文从未提"同时开多台引擎"，more than one engine 是凭原词臆造的细节。

  借用原文：new improved stationary steam engines

According to the talk, what was a highly significant factor in the development of realist and naturalist literature?

因果信号 contributed to。答案句靠因果动词锁定：contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism，contributed to 直接点出 谁推动了现实主义与自然主义，前面的 The economic depression 就是那个因素。

• The economic depression↔An economic depression.近乎同形的概括

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念了 the Civil War of 1861-1865，但它只是用来标记浪漫主义流行的时间段，并非推动现实主义的因素，选项盗这个原词诱你 听到就选。

  借用原文：the Civil War of 1861-1865

• C)未提及录音说作家们 began to reject the romanticism（主动拒绝浪漫主义），并未说 浪漫主义不受欢迎被公认；A recognition that romanticism was unpopular. 把 作家主动拒绝 偷换成 大众公认其不流行，原文未提。

  借用原文：began to reject the romanticism

• D)张冠李戴An increased interest in the study of common speech. 里 common speech 是后文讲马克·吐温时才出现的 common speech，被挪来当现实主义的成因，既张冠又李戴，并非第 20 题答案。

  借用原文：used dialect and common speech

Why is Mark Twain considered as a very important literary figure?

结果信号 touching off a major change。答案句靠 引发重大变革 这一结果短语锁定：used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style 直接点出吐温的历史贡献——用口语改变了散文文体。

• used dialect and common speech instead of literary language↔through his use of common speech原文细节被概括
• touching off a major change in American prose style↔influenced American prose style引发变革=施加影响

• A)原词陷阱录音确说吐温 observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye，humorous 是真念过的词，但它形容观察眼光，不是他 重要 的理由；he wrote humorous stories and novels 借这个原词诱选。

  借用原文：a humorous and skeptical eye

• B)张冠李戴拒绝浪漫主义说的是第 1 段那批作家 began to reject the romanticism，录音并未说吐温本人 rejected romanticism；he rejected romanticism as a literary approach 把前文群体的行为安到吐温头上。

  借用原文：began to reject the romanticism

• C)偷换概念录音说吐温是 the country's most outstanding realist author（最杰出的现实主义作家），并未说他是 第一个现实主义作家；he was the first realist writer in the United States 把 最杰出 偷换成 第一个，原文无据。

  借用原文：the country's most outstanding realist author

What can we learn about Theodore Dreiser, according to the talk?

对比信号 not A but B。答案句靠两处 not…but… 对比锁定：not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions，否定 文学技艺、肯定 反映现状，正是德莱塞的自我定位落点。

• a picture of conditions↔as a social observer社会写照=社会观察者
• not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship↔than as a literary artist非文学技艺=非文学艺术家

• A)原词陷阱Civil War 是第 1 段交代年代时念的 the Civil War of 1861-1865，与德莱塞无关；He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War. 搬这个醒目原词硬编德莱塞的题材，原文从未这样说。

  借用原文：the Civil War of 1861-1865

• B)张冠李戴幽默说的是吐温 a humorous and skeptical eye，录音对德莱塞用的是 grimly portrayed a dark world（冷峻地描绘黑暗世界）；His novels often contained elements of humor. 把吐温的幽默错安到德莱塞身上，方向还相反。

  借用原文：a humorous and skeptical eye

• D)与原文相反录音说德莱塞 grimly portrayed a dark world 并主张 tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance，强调如实写阴暗现实，恰与 writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life（强调生活积极面）相反。

  借用原文：grimly portrayed a dark world

What does Dr. Hudson say regarding the vast majority of species in Earth's history at the beginning of the lecture?

开头比例数字＝定调句。信号是开头的高比例数字 over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct——讲座一上来就用 99% 这个数字给"绝大多数物种"定性，正对题干 the vast majority 与 at the beginning。

• over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct↔They are no longer in existence.已灭绝＝不复存在

• A)与原文相反remained basically unchanged from their original forms 说物种"基本没变"，与原文 have become extinct（已灭绝）正好相反；绝大多数物种是消失了，不是原样没变。

  借用原文：have become extinct

• B)原词陷阱adapt to ecological changes 盗用了讲座反复出现的 adapt（适应）一词，听到"适应"就想选；但原文说"绝大多数物种已灭绝"，恰恰是"未能适应"，且 adapt 是后文讲灭绝成因时才提，答非"绝大多数物种现状"之问。

  借用原文：adapted

• C)偷换概念caused rapid change in the environment 把因果说反了：原文是"环境的剧变"导致物种灭绝（Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species），而非物种造成了环境剧变。

  借用原文：Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species

What does the evidence from fossils suggest?

信息源词fossil领出答案句。信号是题干点名的信息源词在原文现身：The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth——fossil record 一出现，紧跟的 reveals that… 就是它"显示了什么"的答案句。

• extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth↔Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history贯穿历史＝时有发生

• B)过度推断generally been massive 用 generally（普遍）把灭绝一概说成大规模，盗用了下文 a mass extinction 的 mass 一词；但原文只说"某些时候"出现大灭绝（on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time），并非"普遍都是"，属以偏概全。

  借用原文：on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time

• C)与原文相反only one mass extinction 说"只有一次"大灭绝，盗用了原文 mass extinction 原词；但原文明确举了多次（65 million years ago 恐龙、225 million years ago 95%物种），One of the best-known examples 的 one of（之一）已表明不止一次，与 only one 相反。

  借用原文：One of the best-known examples of mass extinction

• D)原词陷阱Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed 盗用了原文念到的 dinosaurs（恐龙），听到"恐龙"就想选；但原文只说恐龙灭绝发生在 65 million years ago，是举例说明大灭绝，根本没说"比科学家原先认为的更早"，属无中生有。

  借用原文：65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs

What can we learn about the "interesting and controversial" finding?

转折but后才是定性落点。信号是转折词 but：前半 This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets 只是抛出一个可能解释，but this theory is purely speculative 的转折之后才给出真正定性——这理论纯属推测。篇章题的结论常落在 but 之后。

• but this theory is purely speculative↔The theory that the periodic extinction had something to do with the Earth's movement is only a speculation.纯属推测＝只是猜测

• A)原词陷阱more intense every 2.6 million years 盗用了原文"周期"这一说法和"more intense"的措辞，但把数字偷改了：原文是 more intense every 26 million years（每2600万年），选项写成 every 2.6 million years（每260万年），小数点位置不符，是数字陷阱。

  借用原文：more intense every 26 million years

• C)与原文相反already confirmed by the most prestigious scientists 说该发现"已被最权威科学家证实"，与原文 purely speculative（纯属推测）正好相反，且 most prestigious 是原文完全没有的拔高，属凭空加码。

  借用原文：this theory is purely speculative

• D)与原文相反A species' survival totally depends on its ability or inability to adapt. 盗用了原文 ability or inability to adapt 的措辞，但原文恰恰说 A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt（可能毫无关系），选项的 totally depends（完全取决于）与之极性相反。

  借用原文：A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt