2015年12月·第3套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：7 篇录音各自先给 共 2284 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 9 · B 5 · C 4 · D 7。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语六级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2015年12月·第3套 英语六级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
W: 关于海豚最有趣的实验之一，应该就是贾维斯·巴斯蒂安博士所做的那个实验。他试图教一只名叫 Buss 的雄性海豚和一只名叫 Doris 的雌性海豚隔着一道坚固的屏障相互交流。
M: So how did he do it exactly?
M: 那他具体是怎么做的呢？
W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.
W: 首先，他把两只海豚养在同一个水箱里，并教它们每当看到灯光时就按下杠杆。杠杆安装在水箱侧面，彼此相邻。如果灯光反复闪烁几次，海豚就应该先按左边的杠杆，再按右边的杠杆。如果灯光一直保持稳定，海豚就应该按相反的顺序按下杠杆。每当它们作出正确反应时，就会得到鱼作为奖励。
M: Sounds terribly complicated.
M: 听起来复杂得不得了。
W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn't actually see each other. The levers and the light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Buss whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.
W: 嗯，那是第一阶段。第二阶段，巴斯蒂安博士把两只海豚分别关在两个水箱里。它们仍然能听见彼此的声音，但实际上看不见对方。杠杆和灯光的设置完全相同，只是这一次，只有 Doris 能看到指示先按哪个杠杆的灯光。但为了得到鱼，两只海豚都必须按正确的顺序按下杠杆。这当然意味着 Doris 必须告诉 Buss，灯光是在闪烁，还是一直保持稳定。
M: So did it work?
M: 那成功了吗？
W: Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate.
W: 嗯，令人惊讶的是，这两只海豚达到了百分之百的成功率。
What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian's experiment?
Jarvis Bastian博士实验的目的是什么?
- A) 测试海豚对各种信号的反应能力。
- B) 看海豚是否能学会相互交流。
- C) 检验海豚掌握一项技能需要多长时间。
- D) 查明雌海豚是否比雄海豚更聪明。
What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
他想做的是，教一只名叫 Buss 的雄海豚和一只名叫 Doris 的雌海豚隔着一道实心屏障彼此沟通。
意图交代句。What he tried to do was to teach… 用 What he tried to do was 这一句式直接说出"他想做的事"，是交代实验目的的信号句，目的题的答案就落在这种"想做的是……"的结构上。
- teach a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris to communicate with each othersee if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other教沟通=测能否学会沟通
- A)原词陷阱test how responsive dolphins are to various signals 借了录音后文反复出现的 light/lever 等"信号"概念，听着像那么回事，但录音交代的目的是"教海豚彼此沟通"，不是"测它们对信号的反应快慢"，方向被偷换了。
借用原文：taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light
- C)未提及examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill 把目的说成"考察海豚学会一项技能要多久"，但录音从头到尾没提"用了多长时间"，是凭空加的方向。
- D)原词陷阱find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one 借了录音里真有的 male/female 两只海豚来设套，但实验目的是"教它们沟通"，不是"比雌雄谁更聪明"，把目的张冠李戴成了一个比聪明的问题。
借用原文：a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris
What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light?
海豚看到稳定光源时应该做什么?
- A) 将头部抬出水面。
- B) 径直游入同一个水池。
- C) 先按右手边的操纵杆。
- D) 发出相应的声音。
If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order.
如果灯反复闪烁数次，海豚应当先按左边的杠杆再按右边的；如果灯保持稳定不闪，海豚应当以相反的顺序按这两个杠杆。
条件配对 + 顺序反转。录音给出两条 If…规则：闪烁灯=先左后右；If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order——稳定灯要"reverse order(相反顺序)"。题问稳定灯，落点就在第二条规则，关键信号是 in reverse order 这一"反过来"的提示。
- If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse orderPress the right-hand lever firstreverse order=先右
- A)未提及Raise their heads above the water 在录音里压根没出现，海豚要做的是按杠杆而不是把头抬出水面，属凭空动作。
- B)原词陷阱Swim straight into the same tank 借了录音里真有的 tank(水箱)一词，但稳定灯下规则讲的是按杠杆顺序，不是游进水箱，词眼熟却答非所问。
借用原文：kept the two dolphins together in the same tank
- D)原词陷阱Produce the appropriate sound 借了第二阶段海豚靠声音沟通的概念，但本题问的是第一阶段稳定灯下的杠杆动作，跟发声无关，是把后文的元素错接到本题。
借用原文：Doris had to tell Buss whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light
How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?
实验的第二阶段与第一阶段有何不同?
- A) 将头部抬出水面。
- B) 径直游入同一个水池。
- C) 先按右手边的操纵杆。
- D) 发出相应的声音。
In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn't actually see each other. The levers and the light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first.
在第二阶段，巴斯蒂安博士把两只海豚分到两个水箱里。它们仍能听见彼此，却看不见对方。杠杆和灯的布置和先前完全一样，只不过这一次只有 Doris 能看见那盏指示先按哪个杠杆的灯。
except that 点出唯一不同。录音用 set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light——except that(只除了)这个信号明确标出第二阶段唯一的变化：只有 Doris 看得到灯。阶段差异题的落点就在 except that 后面这句。
- it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press firstPress the right-hand lever first录入答案对应 C
- A)未提及Raise their heads above the water 录音从未描述这一动作，与两阶段差异(只有 Doris 能看灯)无关。
- B)与原文相反Swim straight into the same tank 借了录音的 tank，但第二阶段恰恰是"分到两个水箱"separated the dolphins into two tanks，选项说"游进同一个水箱"正好把变化方向说反了。
借用原文：separated the dolphins into two tanks
- D)原词陷阱Produce the appropriate sound 借了第二阶段 Doris 要靠声音告诉 Buss 灯型的情节，但题问的是"两阶段差异"，发声只是 Doris 一方的传讯手段，并非选项 C 所占的答案位。
借用原文：Doris had to tell Buss whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light
What can we learn from the experiment?
我们能从这个实验中了解到什么?
- A) 两只海豚都出色地完成了任务并得到了鱼作为奖励。
- B) 雄海豚未能按正确顺序按压操纵杆。
- C) 雌海豚在与雄海豚交流时犯了一个错误。
- D) Bastian博士惊讶地发现海豚并不像预期的那样聪明。
amazingly 收束结果。录音结尾 amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate 用 amazingly enough 这一惊叹收束语带出最终结果——100% 成功率。结果题的答案就落在这种结尾的惊叹/总结句上。
- the dolphins achieved a 100% success rateBoth the dolphins did a perfect job100%成功=做得完美
- Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fishwere rewarded with fish答对即领鱼
- B)与原文相反The male dolphin failed to press the levers in the correct order 盗用了录音里 levers、correct order 等真实词，但结尾明说"100% 成功率"，根本没有谁"失败"，选项把圆满结果反说成雄海豚出错。
借用原文：If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one
- C)与原文相反The female dolphin made a mistake when communicating with the male dolphin 盗用了 Doris 向 Buss 传讯沟通的真实情节，但既然达到 100% 成功，沟通显然没出错，选项把"沟通成功"反说成"雌海豚犯错"。
借用原文：Doris had to tell Buss whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light
- D)与原文相反Dr. Bastian was surprised to see the dolphins weren't as smart as expected 蹭了录音 amazingly 透出的"惊讶"情绪，却把它说成"惊讶海豚没那么聪明"；实际的惊叹是"惊讶它们居然 100% 成功"，方向恰好反了。
借用原文：amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate
W: This week's program "Up Your Street" takes you to Harrogate, a small town in Yorkshire. Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters. Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to. Its clean air, attractive parks, and the absence of any industry, make this an ideal spot for people looking for a quiet life. Now, to tell us more about Harrogate, I have with me Tom Percival, President of the Chamber of Commerce. Tom, one of the things a visitor notices about Harrogate is the large area of open parkland right down into the middle of the town. Can you tell us more about it?
W: 本周的《街头巷尾》节目带大家走进约克郡的小镇哈罗盖特。在维多利亚时代，人们纷纷来到这里泡矿泉，哈罗盖特也因而成为时尚的度假胜地。如今，很少有人为了矿泉造访这座小镇了。相反，哈罗盖特成为了一个备受欢迎的退休养老小镇。这里空气清新，公园宜人，没有任何工业，是追求宁静生活的人们的理想去处。现在，为了让我们进一步了解哈罗盖特，我们请到了商会会长汤姆·珀西瓦尔。汤姆，游客注意到哈罗盖特的其中一点，就是有一大片开阔的公园绿地一直延伸到镇中心。你能给我们多讲讲吗？
M: Yes, certainly. The area is called the Stray.
M: 好的，没问题。这片区域叫做“斯特雷”。
W: Why the Stray?
W: 为什么叫“斯特雷”？
M: It's called that because in the old days, people let their cattle stray on the area, which was common land.
M: 叫这个名字是因为在过去，这片土地是公地，人们会让他们的牛群在上面漫游。
W: Oh, I see.
W: 哦，我明白了。
M: Then, with changes in farming and in land ownership, the Stray became part of the land owned by Harrogate.
M: 后来，随着农业和土地所有权的变化，“斯特雷”成为了哈罗盖特所有土地的一部分。
W: And is it protected?
W: 那它受到保护吗？
M: Oh, yes, indeed. There's a special law: no one can build anything on the Stray. It's protected forever.
M: 哦，是的，确实受到了保护。有一项专门的法律：任何人都不能在“斯特雷”上建造任何东西。它得到了永久保护。
W: So it'll always be parkland?
W: 所以它会一直是公园绿地？
M: That's right. As you can see, some of the Stray is used for sports fields.
M: 没错。正如你所看到的，“斯特雷”的一部分被用作运动场地。
W: I believe it looks lovely in the spring.
W: 我想它在春天看起来一定很漂亮。
M: Yes, it does. There're spring flowers on the old trees, and people visit the town just to see the flowers.
M: 是的，确实很漂亮。老树上开满了春花，人们造访这座小镇就是为了来看花。
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
这段对话最可能发生在哪里?
- A) 在一个度假小镇。
- B) 在一间讲堂里。
- C) 在一个养牛场上。
- D) 在一个植物园里。
Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters.
哈罗盖特在维多利亚时代成了一个时尚的度假胜地，当时人们来这里在矿泉水里沐浴。
背景交代句点出 resort。节目开场介绍这个地方，Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times 直接给出 resort（度假地）这个定性，是判定场景的关键线索。
- Harrogate became a fashionable resortIn a resort town.resort 原词对应、town 是同指
- B)原词陷阱录音是广播节目 This week's program "Up Your Street"，并非课堂讲座；In a lecture room. 利用“节目/讲解”这种听感诱你选演讲厅，但对话谈的是小镇本身、不是上课场所。
借用原文：This week's program "Up Your Street" takes you to Harrogate
- C)原词陷阱录音后文确实提到 people let their cattle stray on the area，On a cattle farm. 盗用 cattle 一词，但那只是讲一块地名字的由来，对话本身不是发生在牛场。
借用原文：people let their cattle stray on the area
- D)原词陷阱录音末尾说春天有花 There're spring flowers on the old trees，In a botanical garden. 借“花”诱你联想植物园，但谈的是小镇公园的春花，不是植物园这个场所。
借用原文：There're spring flowers on the old trees
What do we learn about modern Harrogate?
关于现代的Harrogate我们了解到什么?
- A) 它是人们退休养老的理想之地。
- B) 它保留了许多维多利亚时代的传统。
- C) 它是时尚产业的中心。
- D) 它因其矿泉水而依然非常吸引人。
Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to.
如今，很少有人因为矿泉水而来访这座小镇了。相反，哈罗盖特已成为一个人们乐于退休养老的热门小镇。
Today + Instead 双重转向。Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. 用 Today 把话题拉到现在，紧接 Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to. 用 Instead 转折，转折后那句才是关于现代哈罗盖特的真意。
- Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire toIt is an ideal place for people to retire to.popular town≈ideal place、retire to 原义保留
- B)原词陷阱录音 became a fashionable resort during Victorian times 是讲过去，It has kept many traditions from Victorian times. 盗用 Victorian times，却把“维多利亚时代成名”偷换成“保留维多利亚传统”，录音从没说它保留了什么传统。
借用原文：Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times
- C)原词陷阱It is at the centre of the fashion industry. 与录音里的 fashionable（时尚的）听感相近，但 fashionable 只是形容这地方当年“时髦”，绝不等于“时尚产业中心”，后者录音从未提及。
借用原文：Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times
- D)原词陷阱It remains very attractive with its mineral waters. 盗用高频词 mineral waters，但录音 Today 一句恰恰说 few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters——现在没人为矿泉水来了，与 remains attractive 正相反。
借用原文：Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters.
What does the man say about the area called the Stray?
关于这片叫作Stray的区域,男士说了什么?
- A) 它位于Harrogate的东部。
- B) 它将被用作运动训练中心。
- C) 它是以旧时一位土地所有者的名字命名的。
- D) 它作为园地受到一项特别法律的保护。
Oh, yes, indeed. There's a special law: no one can build anything on the Stray. It's protected forever.
哦，当然，确实如此。有一条专门的法律：任何人都不能在 the Stray 上建造任何东西。它被永久保护着。
对 is it protected 的直接应答。女士问 And is it protected?，男士应答 Oh, yes, indeed. There's a special law，被问者的直接肯定回答就是答案句的信号。
- There's a special law: no one can build anything on the Stray. It's protected forever.It is protected as parkland by a special law.special law 原词、protected 保留、parkland 来自前文
- A)未提及It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate. 给出具体方位 eastern part，但录音只说它是 right down into the middle of the town（在镇中心），从未说在东部，方位被无中生有地编造。
- B)原词陷阱录音说 some of the Stray is used for sports fields——只是部分用作运动场，It will be used as a centre for athletic training. 盗用运动相关意象，把“部分作运动场”夸大成“将作为体育训练中心”，程度与时态都被改。
借用原文：some of the Stray is used for sports fields
- C)原词陷阱录音说名字来历是 people let their cattle stray on the area（因放牧而得名），It was named after a land owner in the old days. 盗用后文 land ownership 里的 owner，谎称“以某地主命名”，张冠李戴。
借用原文：with changes in farming and in land ownership
What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?
春季时Stray最吸引人们的是什么?
- A) 美丽的花朵。
- B) 广阔的草地。
- C) 清新的空气。
- D) 矿泉水。
Yes, it does. There're spring flowers on the old trees, and people visit the town just to see the flowers.
是的，确实如此。古树上开着春天的花，人们专程来这座小镇就为看这些花。
just to see the flowers 的强调。people visit the town just to see the flowers 用 just（仅仅就为）强调人们专程来看花，这个强调语气把 flowers 钉成最吸引人的看点。
- people visit the town just to see the flowersThe beautiful flowers.flowers 原词、spring flowers 即美丽的花
- B)原词陷阱the Stray 整体是 open parkland 那片开阔绿地，The vast grassland. 借这层背景诱选，但录音说春天吸引人的明明是花，不是草地本身。
借用原文：the large area of open parkland
- C)原词陷阱录音前文夸这地方 Its clean air（空气清新），The refreshing air. 盗用这层意思，但那是讲整体宜居、不是春天吸引人的看点，时间和焦点都对不上。
借用原文：Its clean air, attractive parks
- D)原词陷阱The mineral waters. 盗用全篇反复出现的 mineral waters，但录音早说 few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters——现在没人为矿泉水来了，更非春天看点，纯属听到高频词就想选的陷阱。
借用原文：few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters
Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect. In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms, he found the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate even if the roommate's test scores were low. The roommate's race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students. Perhaps, the study speculated, having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.
俄亥俄州立大学心理学教授罗素·法齐奥曾在该校和印第安纳大学研究不同种族的室友关系，并发现了一种耐人寻味的学术效应。在一项分析数千名居住在宿舍的俄亥俄州立大学新生数据的研究中，他发现，那些带着较高标准化考试成绩进入大学的黑人新生，如果与一名白人学生同住，即使对方的考试成绩较低，他们也能取得更好的成绩。室友的种族对成绩较好的白人学生或考试成绩较低的黑人学生没有影响。该研究推测，也许拥有一名白人室友有助于学业准备充分的黑人学生适应一所以白人为主的大学。
That same study found the randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates. Because interracial roommate relationships are often problematic, Dr. Fazio said, many students would like to move out, but university housing policies may make it hard to leave. "At Indiana University, where housing was not so tight, more interracial roommates split up," he said. "Here at Ohio State, where housing was tight, they were told to work it out. The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes."
同一项研究发现，在俄亥俄州立大学，随机分配的跨种族室友在学期结束前分开的情况约为同种族室友的两倍。法齐奥博士说，由于跨种族室友关系往往存在问题，许多学生希望搬出去，但大学的住宿政策可能使他们难以离开。他说：“在住宿安排没有那么紧张的印第安纳大学，更多跨种族室友选择分开。在住宿紧张的俄亥俄州立大学，学校要求他们设法解决问题。我们发现的最有意思的事情是，如果这段关系能够仅仅持续十周，我们就能看到他们的种族态度有所改善。”
Dr. Fazio's Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. The interracial roommates spent less time together, and had fewer joint activities than the white pairs.
法齐奥博士在印第安纳大学开展的研究发现，与白人室友相比，随机分配的跨种族室友在学期结束时不再共同居住的比例是前者的三倍。跨种族室友共处的时间更少，开展的共同活动也少于白人室友组合。
What do we know about Russell Fazio?
关于Russell Fazio我们了解什么?
- A) 他为大学生提供咨询服务。
- B) 他在俄亥俄州立大学教授心理学。
- C) 他专门研究人际关系。
- D) 他有辅导黑人学生的经验。
Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect.
Russell Fazio 是俄亥俄州立大学的一位心理学教授，他在该校以及印第安纳大学研究过跨种族室友，他发现了一个有趣的学业效应。
人物出场即配头衔。录音开篇就用同位语给人物贴身份标签——Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor，篇章独白介绍主角时身份常紧跟人名出现，这一句就是答案句。
- an Ohio State psychology professorteaches psychology at Ohio State University名词头衔改写成动词陈述
- A)未提及provides counseling for university students 说他给学生做心理咨询，录音只说他是 psychology professor 并做研究，从未提 counseling，属凭「心理学」联想出的虚构身份。
- C)原词陷阱specializes in interpersonal relationships 借用了贯穿全文的「关系」话题，听着耳熟；但录音说他研究的是 interracial roommates（跨种族室友这一具体对象），并非笼统的 interpersonal relationships，且其身份是 professor 而非「专攻人际关系」。
借用原文：studied interracial roommates
- D)原词陷阱has experience tutoring black students 用了录音高频词 black students，但录音里他是研究（studied）黑人学生这一群体，不是 tutoring（辅导）他们；把「研究者」错说成「辅导者」。
借用原文：black freshmen who came to college
Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio's study?
根据Fazio的研究,谁从与白人室友同住中受益?
- A) 在标准化测试中得分较低的学生。
- B) 习惯住宿舍的学生。
- C) 来自低收入家庭的黑人学生。
- D) 标准化测试成绩高的黑人新生。
he found the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate even if the roommate's test scores were low.
他发现，那些入学时标准化考试分数高的黑人新生，如果有一个白人室友，成绩会更好，哪怕这个室友的考试分数很低。
限定从句锁定受益人群。答案句用一长串限定语精确框出受益者——the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores，再接 earned better grades if they had a white roommate（成绩更好），「谁 + 在什么条件下变好」一并给出，正是答案句。
- the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scoresBlack freshmen with high standardized test scores定语从句压缩成介词短语
- earned better grades if they had a white roommateBlack freshmen with high standardized test scores受益事实印证此群体
- A)与原文相反Students who scored low on standardized tests 盗用了录音里 standardized test scores 这个词，但把受益者的关键限定 high 反成 low；录音明说 high standardized test scores 的黑人新生才获益，低分者并未因此受益。
借用原文：high standardized test scores
- B)原词陷阱Students who are accustomed to living in dorms 借了录音里 dorms 一词，但录音从没说「习惯住宿舍的学生」受益，dorms 只是研究样本的居住背景，并非受益者的限定条件。
借用原文：freshmen who lived in dorms
- C)偷换概念Black students from families with low incomes 同写黑人学生，却把决定受益的条件由「高考试分数」换成了「低家庭收入」；录音通篇未提 income，受益者靠的是 test scores 高，不是收入。
借用原文：black freshmen who came to college
What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University?
该研究对俄亥俄州立大学随机分配的跨种族室友有何发现?
- A) 他们在一起度过的时间通常比白人配对更多。
- B) 他们在学期末搬出了大学宿舍。
- C) 他们对大学住房政策更加赞赏。
- D) 他们分开的频率高于同种族室友。
That same study found the randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.
同一项研究发现，俄亥俄州立大学随机分配的跨种族室友，在一个学季结束前拆伙的频率，大约是同种族室友的两倍。
found 引出 + 倍数对比。动词 found 直接引出结论，且用倍数比较 about twice as often as same-race roommates 把两群人比出高下——研究类录音的发现句常带 found + 比较结构，这一句即答案句。
- broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommatesThey broke up more often than same-race roommates.倍数概括成比较级
- A)张冠李戴They generally spent more time together than white pairs. 既串了场又反了向：spent…time together 出自第 3 段讲 Indiana 的 spent less time together，那里是「相处更少」，选项却说「相处更多」，地点和方向双错。
借用原文：spent less time together
- B)原词陷阱They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester. 借用了录音的 dorms 和「学期/学季末」时间感，但 Ohio State 那段说的是 broke up（关系破裂），并非搬出宿舍；且 Ohio State 用的是 the end of the quarter，end of the semester 是第 3 段 Indiana 的说法。
借用原文：broke up before the end of the quarter
- C)原词陷阱They were more appreciative of the university's housing policy. 套用了录音里 housing policies 这一短语，但录音说住房政策让学生「难以搬走」（被迫留下），从没说学生「更感激」该政策，appreciative 纯属虚构态度。
借用原文：university housing policies may make it hard to leave
What did Dr. Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for 10 weeks?
Fazio博士对同住了10周的跨种族室友有何有趣的发现?
- A) 他们的测试成绩逐渐提高。
- B) 他们开始做类似的活动。
- C) 他们对彼此感到厌倦。
- D) 他们的种族态度得到改善。
The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes.
我们发现最有趣的一点是：如果这段室友关系撑过了仅仅 10 周，我们就能看到种族态度上的改善。
最高级 most interesting + 数字 10 weeks 双锚。句首 The most interesting thing we found 用最高级直接标出「最有趣的发现」，正应题干 find interesting；再配数字锚 for just 10 weeks，两个信号叠在一句，正是答案句。
- an improvement in racial attitudesTheir racial attitudes improved.名词化结果还原为动词句
- A)原词陷阱Their test scores rose gradually. 借了第 1 段的 test scores，但 10 周后改善的是 racial attitudes（态度），不是考试分数；而且 test scores 出现在「谁受益」那段，与 10 周的变化无关。
借用原文：high standardized test scores
- B)原词陷阱They started doing similar activities. 套用了第 3 段的 joint activities 一词，但那是讲 Indiana 室友「共同活动更少」的背景，录音从没说 10 周后他们「开始做相似活动」，纯属拼接。
借用原文：had fewer joint activities than the white pairs
- C)与原文相反They grew bored of each other. 是负向变化（互相生厌），与录音 an improvement in racial attitudes 的正向改善完全相反；录音强调的是关系撑过 10 周后变好，不是变厌。
借用原文：an improvement in racial attitudes
In a small laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat. A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr. Mironov is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering "cultured" meat. It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way. "Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands," Mironov told Reuters in an interview, "but in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand."
在南卡罗来纳医科大学的一间小型实验室里，弗拉基米尔·米罗诺夫博士十年来一直致力于培育肉类。作为一名发育生物学家和组织工程师，米罗诺夫博士是全球仅有的少数参与生物工程“培养肉”研究的科学家之一。他相信，这种产品或许有助于解决未来全球粮食危机，而这场危机源于可用来以传统方式生产肉类的土地日益减少。“培养肉的培育工作在荷兰也正在进行，”米罗诺夫在接受路透社采访时说，“但在美国，这项科学还在寻找资金和市场需求。”
The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it, the National Institute of Health won't fund it, and NASA funded it only briefly, Mironov said. "It's classic disruptive technology," Mironov said. "Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million."
米罗诺夫说，新成立的国家食品与农业研究所不会为这项研究提供资金，国立卫生研究院也不会提供资金，而美国国家航空航天局只提供了很短时间的资助。“这是一项典型的颠覆性技术，”米罗诺夫说，“将任何新技术推向市场，平均需要10亿美元。我们连100万美元都没有。”
Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs. "There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab. They don't like to associate technology with food," said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology. "But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said.
米罗诺夫是该医科大学再生医学与细胞生物学系先进组织生物制造中心的主任，目前主要开展组织工程研究，即研究人类器官的培育。“当人们发现肉是在实验室里培育出来的时，会产生一种不适感。他们不喜欢把技术与食物联系在一起，”癌症细胞生物学访问学者尼古拉斯·杰诺维斯说。“但如今我们食用的许多被认为是天然的产品，实际上也是以类似的方式生产出来的，”杰诺维斯说。
What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat?
Mironov 博士对生物工程培育肉持什么看法?
- A) 它可以帮助解决全球粮食危机。
- B) 它将改变人们对食物的概念。
- C) 它已引起全球关注。
- D) 它将逐渐流行起来。
It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.
他相信这是一种能帮助解决未来全球粮食危机的产品，这场危机源于传统方式养肉可用的土地正在不断减少。
he believes 标出本人观点。he believes could help solve future global food crises 里的 he believes（他相信）正是讲话人本人的判断信号，题干问 think of，答案就落在这种带 believe 的主观表态句上。
- could help solve future global food crisesIt can help solve global food crises.近乎同义、只去掉 future
- B)未提及录音从没说人造肉会改变食物的概念，not as natural as we believed 那段讲的是人们不愿把技术和食物联系，与改变概念是两回事，It will change the concept of food. 属臆造。
- C)原词陷阱录音确实说 one of only a few scientists worldwide，It has attracted worldwide attention. 盗用了 worldwide 这个原词，但原文是说全球只有少数科学家在做，不是说它受到全球关注，听到 worldwide 就选就上当。
借用原文：one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering
- D)与原文相反录音说在美国它是 science in search of funding and demand（在找经费和需求），处境艰难，It will become popular gradually. 说会逐渐流行，与原文走向相反。
借用原文：in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand
What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research?
Mironov 博士对他们研究的资金支持有何看法?
- A) 它将逐渐流行起来。
- B) 它定期来自捐赠者。
- C) 这些年来它已有所增加。
- D) 它仍远远不够充足。
"Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million."
把任何一项新技术推向市场平均要花 10 亿美元，而我们连 100 万美元都没有。
数字对比凸显严重不足。costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million 用 10 亿与连 100 万都没有的悬殊数字对比，don't even 加重语气，强调经费严重短缺，正是答案落点。
- costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 millionIt is still far from being sufficient.具体数字概括为不足
- A)答非所问It will become popular gradually. 讲的是会逐渐流行，和本题问的 funding（经费够不够）根本不是一回事，且录音也没说会流行，属答非所问。
- B)未提及录音说 NASA 只短暂资助、几家机构都不资助，从未提到有定期捐款的 donors，It comes regularly from its donors. 里的稳定捐助来源是编造的。
- C)与原文相反录音反复说没钱、NASA 只短暂资助、连 100 万都没有，It has been increased over the years. 说经费逐年增加，与原文的缺钱困境完全相反。
借用原文：the National Institute of Health won't fund it, and NASA funded it only briefly
What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?
Nicholas Genovese 对我们今天吃的很多产品有何看法?
- A) 它们并不像我们认为的那样天然。
- B) 它们不如我们预期的健康。
- C) 它们更有营养且更美味。
- D) 它们不像以前那么贵了。
"But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said.
但是我们今天所吃的许多食品，虽被认为是天然的，其实也是用类似（在实验室）的方式生产出来的，Genovese 说。
转折 But 后才是真意。But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner 以 But 转折开头，前半讲人们排斥实验室食物，转折后才抛出 Genovese 的真正观点，答案落在 But 之后。
- are considered natural that are produced in a similar mannerThey are not as natural as we believed.被视为天然其实并非如此
- B)未提及录音只谈天不天然、怎么生产，没有比较这些食品是否更健康，They are less healthy than we expected. 的健康话题是录音没有的。
- C)未提及录音在 are considered natural 的语境里谈天然，They are more nutritious and delicious. 却编出更有营养更好吃，原文从未夸这些食品营养美味，是借天然话题臆造的正向评价。
- D)未提及录音只字未提价格，They are not as expensive as before. 的贵不贵和原文 Genovese 谈的天然与生产方式无关，纯属臆造。
Moderator:
主持人：
Good morning, everybody. It is my pleasure to introduce our speaker for today's lecture, Dr. Howard Walcott. Dr. Walcott has written numerous articles on the topic of stress management. Today he will talk about how to deal with stress and pressure. Welcome, Dr. Walcott.
大家早上好。很荣幸向大家介绍今天讲座的演讲者霍华德·沃尔科特博士。沃尔科特博士曾撰写大量关于压力管理的文章。今天，他将谈谈如何应对压力和心理负担。欢迎您，沃尔科特博士。
Dr. Walcott:
沃尔科特博士：
Hello, everyone. Today's lecture will focus on how to fight against stress.
大家好。今天的讲座将重点讨论如何对抗压力。
Every human being experiences stress in life. Our tiring jobs, faulty eating habits and pollution may add to the cause of stress. Everyone reacts to stress differently. Some can cope with it and some cannot. Studies have proved that an increase in stress hormones might speed up cognitive decline in people as you age.
每个人在生活中都会经历压力。劳累的工作、不良的饮食习惯和污染都可能加剧压力的产生。每个人对压力的反应各不相同。有些人能够应对压力，而有些人则不能。研究证明，随着年龄增长，压力激素水平的升高可能会加速人的认知能力衰退。
When you feel stress, your body produces chemicals which lead to an increase in blood pressure, high blood sugar levels and in the worst case may lead to major organ damage. So, it is important to fight against stress before it troubles you.
当你感到压力时，身体会产生一些化学物质，导致血压升高、血糖水平升高，最严重的情况下还可能造成主要器官损伤。因此，在压力给你带来困扰之前，及时对抗压力十分重要。
Here are some of the most effective natural stress reducers:
以下是一些最有效的天然减压方法：
Music therapy: How about a prescription for ear soothing music to fight and overcome stress and diseases? Sounds great, doesn't it? Whether you accept it or not, music affects our daily life, as every human responds to it. A combination of psychology and counselling, music can act as a healing therapy to cure several conditions like depression, personality issues, cancer, etc.
音乐疗法：用舒缓悦耳的音乐来对抗和克服压力及疾病，怎么样？听起来很不错，不是吗？无论你是否接受这一点，音乐都会影响我们的日常生活，因为每个人都会对音乐产生反应。音乐结合了心理学和咨询，可以作为一种治疗手段，帮助治愈抑郁症、人格问题、癌症等多种病症。
Outdoor walking: Walking is an inexpensive, low-risk and the easiest accessible form of exercise. It significantly contributes to enhanced mental and physical health.
户外步行：步行是一种费用低、风险小且最容易进行的运动形式。它对改善身心健康有显著作用。
Meditation: Meditation is certainly the best way to keep stress at bay. As studies suggest, daily 25 minutes of focused meditation drastically affects people's ability to recover under stress.
冥想：冥想无疑是远离压力的最佳方式。研究表明，每天进行25分钟专注的冥想，会显著影响人们在压力下的恢复能力。
Massage: If you are a massage lover, here is one more reason for you to indulge in it more often as massage improves vascular function and helps in reducing stress. Essential oils help to soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety.
按摩：如果你喜欢按摩，那么这里还有一个让你更经常享受按摩的理由，因为按摩能够改善血管功能，并有助于减轻压力。精油有助于舒缓心情、消除焦虑。
Sleep well: Most of us do not care about our sleeping schedule or do not get adequate sleep. A good amount of sleep of say 7-8 hours is a must to relax your mind and reduce stress levels.
保证良好睡眠：我们大多数人并不在意自己的睡眠时间安排，或者无法获得充足的睡眠。每天保证足够的睡眠，比如7至8小时，对于放松身心和降低压力水平是必不可少的。
Exercise: Studies have proved that daily physical exercise helps protect your brain from stress-induced depression. One should ensure physical activity like walking, jogging, playing games like tennis or football on a daily basis for at least 30 minutes as it is very good for one's mind.
锻炼：研究证明，每天进行体育锻炼有助于保护大脑免受压力导致的抑郁影响。每天至少进行30分钟的体育活动，例如步行、慢跑，或打网球、踢足球等，对人的心理健康非常有益。
Positive thinking: Yes, you heard it right. Positive thinking plays a major role in combating stress. It may be a little difficult to think positively in a stressful situation, but believe it or not giving positive messages to your mind helps ease anxiety and helps you remain calm and happy.
积极思考：是的，你没有听错。积极思考在对抗压力方面发挥着重要作用。在充满压力的情况下保持积极思考可能有些困难，但信不信由你，给自己的内心传递积极的信息有助于缓解焦虑，并帮助你保持平静和愉快。
Laugh out loud and smile: No, I am not kidding. "Laughter is the best medicine" is an age-old saying and holds true in this age too. Whenever you face a situation when you are extremely stressed, try laughing or if not at least smile as it releases chemicals which decrease stress level in the body. I hope the lecture today will be of help and benefit to you. Thank you.
大声笑出来并保持微笑：不，我不是在开玩笑。“笑是最好的良药”是一句流传已久的谚语，在今天仍然适用。每当你遇到极度紧张的情况时，试着笑出来，至少也要微笑，因为这样会释放出能够降低体内压力水平的化学物质。希望今天的讲座能对你有所帮助并让你受益。谢谢。
What may add to the cause of stress according to the lecture?
根据讲座内容,什么可能加剧压力的产生?
- A) 令人筋疲力尽的工作和浪费的时间。
- B) 错误的饮食习惯和浪费的时间。
- C) 污染和认知能力下降。
- D) 令人筋疲力尽的工作和错误的饮食习惯。
Our tiring jobs, faulty eating habits and pollution may add to the cause of stress.
我们累人的工作、不良的饮食习惯以及污染，都可能成为压力的成因。
题干原话回响+并列列举。答案句 may add to the cause of stress 与题干 add to the cause of stress 几乎同词，这种"题干措辞在原文回响"就是答案句信号；紧接其前的三个并列名词 Our tiring jobs, faulty eating habits and pollution 就是被问的成因清单。
- tiring jobsExhausting jobs同义词替换 tiring=exhausting
- faulty eating habitswrong eating habits同义词替换 faulty=wrong
- A)原词陷阱A 项 Exhausting jobs and wasted time. 前半 Exhausting jobs 确是录音 tiring jobs 的同义改写，听到很想选；但后半 wasted time（浪费时间）录音中根本没出现，属凭一个对的要素硬凑。只对上一半即排除。
借用原文：tiring jobs
- B)原词陷阱B 项 Wrong eating habits and wasted time. 前半 Wrong eating habits 对应录音 faulty eating habits，是真念到的；后半 wasted time 同样无中生有。一对一错，排除。
借用原文：faulty eating habits
- C)原词陷阱C 项 Pollution and cognitive decline. 里 Pollution 确属录音点的成因之一；但 cognitive decline（认知衰退）在录音里是压力"导致的后果"——an increase in stress hormones might speed up cognitive decline，被本项偷换成压力的"成因"，因果颠倒。
借用原文：speed up cognitive decline
What can act as a healing therapy to cure personality issues?
什么可以作为一种治愈疗法来治疗人格问题?
- A) 充足的睡眠。
- B) 大笑或微笑。
- C) 音乐。
- D) 锻炼。
A combination of psychology and counselling, music can act as a healing therapy to cure several conditions like depression, personality issues, cancer, etc.
音乐结合心理学与心理咨询，可以作为一种治愈性疗法，治疗诸如抑郁、人格问题、癌症等多种状况。
题干短语回响+病症清单含目标词。答案句 music can act as a healing therapy to cure 与题干 act as a healing therapy to cure 措辞高度重合，是答案句信号；其后病症列举 depression, personality issues, cancer 里正含题干要的 personality issues，锁定主语 music 即答案。
- musicMusic.主语直取，原词对应
- personality issuesMusic.凭目标病症反推手段
- A)答非所问A 项 Adequate sleep. 对应录音 A good amount of sleep of say 7-8 hours is a must to relax your mind and reduce stress levels，睡眠的功效是放松心神、降压，从未说能治 personality issues。听到"睡眠"被讲过就选，会落入此项。
借用原文：reduce stress levels
- B)答非所问B 项 Laugh or smile. 对应录音 try laughing or if not at least smile as it releases chemicals which decrease stress level，笑的功效是释放化学物质降低压力，与治疗 personality issues 无关。
借用原文：decrease stress level
- D)答非所问D 项 Exercise. 对应录音 daily physical exercise helps protect your brain from stress-induced depression，运动的功效是保护大脑、防压力性抑郁，没说能治 personality issues。
借用原文：protect your brain
What can be the reason for a massage lover to be more obsessed with it according to the lecture?
根据讲座内容,按摩爱好者对按摩更加痴迷的原因可能是什么?
- A) 按摩有助于改善身体机能和减轻压力。
- B) 按摩在提升情绪方面发挥作用,并且有助于睡眠。
- C) 按摩中使用的精油有助于消除各种疾病。
- D) 按摩中使用的精油对记忆力和思维能力有益。
If you are a massage lover, here is one more reason for you to indulge in it more often as massage improves vascular function and helps in reducing stress.
如果你是个按摩爱好者，这里再给你一个更常做按摩的理由：因为按摩能改善血管功能，并有助于减轻压力。
因果 as 引出真正理由。答案句用因果连词 as massage improves vascular function and helps in reducing stress 给出"更常做按摩"的理由，as 之后就是落点；而题干 one more reason...to be more obsessed 与录音 one more reason for you to indulge in it more often 措辞回响，进一步坐实是这一句。
- improves vascular functionimprove physical function下位概括成上位 vascular→physical
- helps in reducing stressreduce stress近原词对应 reducing stress=reduce stress
- B)张冠李戴B 项 Massage plays a role in mood-boosting and is good for sleep. 说按摩提振情绪、助眠；但录音讲按摩只说改善血管功能与减压，助眠是睡眠段 reduce stress levels 那类内容、提振情绪近似笑/正向思维的功效，被安到了 massage 头上。
借用原文：improves vascular function and helps in reducing stress
- C)原词陷阱C 项 Essential oils used in massage help to eliminate various diseases. 借了录音真出现的 Essential oils help to soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety，但原文 essential oils 只是"安抚心神、消除焦虑(anxiety)"，被本项夸大成"消除各种疾病(various diseases)"，范围被放大。
借用原文：eliminate anxiety
- D)原词陷阱D 项 Essential oils used in massage do good to your memory and thinking. 同样借 essential oils 做诱饵，但录音说精油是 soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety，从未说有益 memory and thinking（记忆与思维），功效被整个换掉。
借用原文：soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety
Hello, everyone. Last time we talked about the history of television. Today, I'd like to talk about the roles television has been playing in Americans' political life.
大家好。上次我们谈到了电视的历史。今天，我想谈谈电视在美国人政治生活中所发挥的作用。
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens' patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizens' focus on character rather than issues.
电视通过改变信息传播的方式、改变政治竞选活动，以及改变公民对政治的反应模式，改变了美国的政治。由于让公民能够独立接触候选人，电视削弱了政党在主要政党候选人遴选中的作用。由于将政治的中心置于候选人本人身上，电视加速了公民对个人品格而非政治议题的关注。
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by travelling politicians and lasting hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10-second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a part of the speech on the news.
电视也改变了政治传播的形式。我们大多数人所依赖的信息，比过去更加简短。19世纪政治话语的典型形式是竞选巡回演说，即政治家在各地巡回发表、持续数小时的政治演讲；如今，这种演说已让位于广播新闻中的30秒广告和10秒片段。演讲的听众越来越不再是站在政治家面前的那些人，而是通过新闻听到并看到演讲部分内容的电视观众。
In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. Politicians assert but do not argue.
在这些简略的形式中，早期时代传统政治话语所包含的许多内容都丧失了。在15秒或30秒内，演讲者无法说明塑造相关议题的历史背景，无法详细阐述问题可能产生的原因，也无法考察各种替代方案，以论证其中一种优于其他方案。政治家只作断言，却不进行论证。
Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that is more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
由于电视是一种具有亲密感的媒介，通过电视讲话需要一种不同的政治风格，这种风格比老式竞选巡回演说更具会话性、个人色彩和视觉性。依赖电视意味着，我们的政治世界中越来越多的是令人难忘的画面，而不是令人难忘的言语。学校教我们分析文字和印刷材料。然而，在政治日益视觉化的世界里，成为知情公民需要一套新的技能。
Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
认识到电视画面的力量后，政治家们精心策划电视化的现场活动，即所谓的“伪事件”，以吸引媒体报道。我们在电视新闻中看到的许多政治活动，都是政治家、他们的演讲稿撰写人和公共关系顾问为电视播出而策划的。新闻中的简短引语以及辩论中的问题回答，听起来越来越像广告。
What does the talk say about political parties before the introduction of television?
讲话中关于电视引入之前的政党有何论述?
- A) 它们在推广政治候选人方面花费了更多资金。
- B) 它们吸引了更多成员并关注候选人的品格。
- C) 它们对政治候选人的遴选拥有更大影响力。
- D) 它们从赞助商那里获得了更多资金作为竞选经费。
By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates.
通过让公民独立接触候选人，电视削弱了政党在主要政党候选人选拔中的作用。
'电视削弱了'反推'之前更强'。答案句说 television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates——电视'削弱'了政党在候选人选拔中的作用；既然电视让它'变弱'，反推电视之前政党在这件事上影响力更大。'diminished（削弱）'是承载今昔对比的信号词。
- the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidatesinfluence over the selection of political candidatesrole=influence，同义改写
- television diminished the roleThey had more influence'削弱'反向推出'过去更多'
- A)原词陷阱spent more money in promoting their political candidates 借了 candidates 这个话题词诱你选，但录音讲的是政党对候选人'选拔'的影响，从未提政党花钱'推广'候选人，属答非所问的原词陷阱。
借用原文：By giving citizens independent access to the candidates
- B)张冠李戴attracted more members and focused on candidates' characters 里的 character 确实是录音念到的词（focus on character rather than issues），但那是讲'电视让公民关注品格'，不是讲'政党吸引成员、注重品格'，把别处的词搬来张冠李戴。
借用原文：television accelerated the citizens' focus on character rather than issues
- D)未提及received more money from sponsors as campaign funds 谈竞选资金与赞助商，录音整段讲的是政党在候选人选拔中的'影响力'变化，没有一句涉及钱或赞助商，属凭空添加。
Why was traditional political discourse more successful than televised speeches?
为什么传统政治话语比电视演讲更成功?
- A) 它使政治对公民而言显得更加亲近。
- B) 它提供了关于候选人行为的详细信息。
- C) 它允许对政治候选人进行新闻报道。
- D) 它将政治议题置于历史语境之中。
In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others.
在15秒或30秒里，演讲者无法建立塑造该议题的历史背景，无法详述问题的可能成因，也无法考察各种替代方案以论证某一方案优于其他。
电视演讲'cannot'的，正是传统话语能的。这句连用三个 cannot 说电视短演讲做不到什么，第一条就是 cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue（无法建立议题的历史背景）；题问'传统话语为何更成功'，答案正是它能做到电视做不到的——置入历史背景。'cannot'是反衬信号。
- cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in questionplaced political issues within a historical context电视'不能建历史背景'⇄传统话语'能置入历史背景'
- A)张冠李戴made politics seem more intimate 里的 intimate 是录音第5段形容'电视'的词（television is an intimate medium），但'亲密'是电视的属性、不是传统话语更成功的原因，既盗原词又把对象弄反。
借用原文：Because television is an intimate medium
- B)偷换概念provided detailed information about a candidate's behaviour 看似与原文 detail 一词沾边，但录音 cannot detail the probable causes of the problem 讲的是'详述问题成因'，根本不是'候选人行为的细节'，偷换了 detail 的对象。
借用原文：cannot detail the probable causes of the problem
- C)原词陷阱allowed news coverage of political candidates 里的 news coverage 是录音讲电视新闻时出现的概念（hear and see a part of the speech on the news），但那是电视带来的现象，并非传统话语更成功的理由，借词诱选。
借用原文：see a part of the speech on the news
What does the speaker mean by stating "politicians assert but do not argue"?
说话者所说的"政治家断言但不论证"是什么意思?
- A) 政治家不喜欢向公民解释自己在具体议题上的立场。
- B) 政治家提出主张却不为这些主张提供论据。
- C) 政治家喜欢解释议题并与竞争对手辩论。
- D) 政治家在政治议题上采取比过去更强硬的立场。
题干引号原句即答案句本身。题干直接引用了 Politicians assert but do not argue，这句就是要释义的对象；其紧邻上文一串 cannot（无法建立背景、无法详述成因、无法论证优劣）正是'do not argue'的注脚，定位明确。
- Politicians assertmake claimsassert=make claims
- but do not arguewithout providing arguments for the claimsdo not argue=without providing arguments
- A)过度推断dislike explaining their own positions on specific issues 把'不论证'升级成'讨厌解释'，录音只说政客'不去论证'（行为），没说他们'不喜欢/讨厌'（情绪态度），属过度推断。
借用原文：Politicians assert but do not argue
- C)与原文相反enjoy explaining issues and arguing with competitors 说政客喜欢解释和辩论，而原文明说他们 do not argue（不论证），极性完全相反，是把答案翻反的反向项。
借用原文：Politicians assert but do not argue
- D)未提及take stronger positions on political issues than in the past 谈立场'更强硬'且做今昔对比，原句只说'断言不论证'，与立场强弱、与过去比较都无关，凭空生造。
Why do politicians create staged political events?
政治家为什么要制造精心策划的政治事件?
- A) 他们可以为自己获得更多电视报道。
- B) 他们可以创造更多时间来讨论政治议题。
- C) 他们可以花更多时间亲自与公民交谈。
- D) 他们可以与对手进行辩论。
Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage.
意识到电视画面的力量，政客们精心制造电视化的、摆拍式的事件，称为'伪事件'，其目的是吸引媒体报道。
designed to 直接点出目的。答案句末 designed to attract media coverage 用 designed to 明示制造这些事件的目的就是吸引媒体报道；designed to 是目的信号词，听到它后面那截就是答案。
- designed to attract media coverageobtain more television coverage for themselvesattract media coverage=obtain television coverage
- B)与原文相反create more time to discuss political issues 里 political issues 是全文反复出现的词，诱你联想，但录音通篇强调电视化让政治表达'变短、不论证'，政客做伪事件是为曝光、不是为多谈议题，方向相反。
借用原文：Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements
- C)未提及talking to citizens in person 谈'当面交流'，而答案句明说政客图的是 media coverage（媒体曝光），与'当面'恰好相反，录音也无此意，凭空添加且方向偏。
- D)原词陷阱engage in debates with their opponents 里 debates 是录音末句出现的词（answers to questions in debates），但那是讲'辩论里的回答像广告'，不是政客做伪事件的目的，借原词张冠李戴。
借用原文：answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire that provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
调查是一项研究，通常采用访谈或问卷的形式，用于了解人们的想法和行为。在美国，最为人熟知的调查是盖洛普民意测验和哈里斯民意测验。正如任何在总统竞选期间观看新闻的人所知道的那样，这些民意测验已经成为美国政治生活的重要组成部分。
North Americans are familiar with the many person-on-the-street interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favour of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the news people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
北美人对地方电视新闻节目中众多的街头采访并不陌生。虽然这类采访可能非常有趣，但未必能准确反映公众舆论。首先，它们只反映出现在某一特定地点的人的意见。因此，根据新闻工作者选择的区域不同，这类样本可能偏向于通勤者、中产阶级购物者或工厂工人。其次，电视采访往往会吸引那些性格外向、愿意出现在电视节目中的人，同时会吓退另一些可能因摄像机而感到拘谨的人。调查若要真正反映社会各阶层的广泛情况，就必须建立在精确且具有代表性的抽样基础上。
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can become indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
在准备开展调查时，社会学家必须非常谨慎地斟酌问题的措辞。有效的调查问题必须足够简单、清晰，使人们能够理解。问题还必须足够具体，以免在解释结果时产生困难。即使是结构较为松散的问题，也必须经过仔细措辞，才能获取所需要的那类信息。调查可以成为不可或缺的信息来源，但前提是抽样得当，问题措辞准确。
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.
调查主要有两种形式：访谈和问卷。这两种调查研究形式各有其优点。访谈者能够获得较高的回应率，因为相比于丢弃一份书面问卷，人们更难拒绝面对面的访谈请求。此外，访谈者可以超越书面问题，进一步探究受访者内心的感受及其原因。然而，问卷的优点在于成本更低，而且更加一致。
What's the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews?
街头采访的主要缺点是什么?
- A) 它们不基于代表性抽样。
- B) 它们仅用于电视广播。
- C) 它们的措辞和组织不够严谨。
- D) 它们反映了公众的政治观点。
While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. ... A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
尽管这类访谈可以很有娱乐性，它们却未必是民意的准确反映。首先，它们只反映出现在某个特定地点的那些人的意见。……一项调查若要真正反映广泛人群，就必须建立在精确的、有代表性的抽样之上。
让步转折 While… + 否定 not necessarily 后才是真意。这段先用让步 While such interviews can be highly entertaining（虽然很有娱乐性）抬一手，紧接着 they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion 用 not necessarily 打转折否定——转折否定之后那句才是录音真正要说的缺点，正是答案句。段末 A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling 再从正面点出问题根子在抽样不具代表性。
- not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinionnot based on a representative sampling缺点的根源被点名：不具代表性的抽样
- B)原词陷阱录音确实提到这类随访常见于 local television news shows（地方电视新闻节目），B 项 used only on television broadcasting 就盗用了 television 这个你耳朵刚听到的词诱你选；但录音只说它常出现在电视上，从没说只用于电视广播，更没把这当作缺点，属听到原词就想选的陷阱。
借用原文：local television news shows
- C)张冠李戴not carefully worded and organized（措辞与组织不够用心）讲的是问题的措辞问题，那是录音第3段 great care in the wording of questions 才谈的另一码事，且是讲整个调查要注意的，并非街头随访的缺点。本题问的是 person-on-the-street interviews，毛病在抽样不在措辞，C 是张冠李戴。
借用原文：great care in the wording of questions
- D)原词陷阱录音开头说民调 have become an important part of political life（成了政治生活的重要部分），D 项 reflect political opinions from the public 盗了 political 这个词，还把它包装成一个优点 / 特征；但这既不是街头随访的缺点，方向也正好与题目问缺点相反，是用原词正话反说。
借用原文：have become an important part of political life
What is crucial for an effective survey?
什么对有效的调查至关重要?
- A) 大量受访者参与调查。
- B) 措辞严谨且易于理解的问题。
- C) 访谈者理解受访者感受的能力。
- D) 能够解释结果的社会学家。
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. ... Surveys can become indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
在准备开展一项调查时，社会学家必须在问题的措辞上格外用心。一个有效的调查问题必须简单清晰到让人能看懂。……调查可以成为不可或缺的信息来源，但前提是抽样做得恰当、问题措辞准确。
强调词 must + only if 锁定关键要素。第3段连用强调词：must exercise great care in the wording of questions 和 An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it，两个 must 都把矛头指向问题的措辞要简明易懂；段末 only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately 再用 only if 强调措辞准确是必要前提。强调词扎堆处就是答案句。
- An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand itCarefully worded and understandable questionssimple and clear 对应 carefully worded and understandable
- must exercise great care in the wording of questionsCarefully wordedgreat care in the wording = carefully worded
- A)偷换概念录音确实强调抽样要做好（only if the sampling is done properly），A 项 large number of respondents 蹭了这个调查领域的概念，却把关键偷换成受访者数量要多；可录音通篇强调的是抽样要有代表性、要做得恰当，从没说样本数量越大越关键，属偷换概念。
借用原文：only if the sampling is done properly
- C)张冠李戴interviewer's ability to understand respondents' feelings 取自第4段讲访谈优点的 probe for a subject's underlying feelings，那是在比较访谈与问卷各自长处时说的，并非有效调查最关键的要素。本题问 crucial for an effective survey，答案在第3段的措辞，C 是把别段的话搬来张冠李戴。
借用原文：probe for a subject's underlying feelings
- D)未提及录音开头出现过 sociologists must exercise great care，D 项 sociologist who is able to interpret the results 就盗了 sociologist 这个词；但录音只说社会学家要在措辞上用心，从没说会解读结果的社会学家才是有效调查的关键，这层意思是录音没提的，属未提及。
借用原文：sociologists must exercise great care
What's the advantage of live interviews over questionnaires?
现场访谈相对于问卷调查的优势是什么?
- A) 现场访谈花费更少的金钱和精力。
- B) 现场访谈能获得更多信息。
- C) 现场访谈更容易实施。
- D) 现场访谈最大程度地减少了研究者的影响。
An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.
访谈者能获得较高的回应率，因为比起把一份书面问卷扔掉，人们更难拒绝当面提出的访谈请求。此外，访谈者还能超出书面问题之外，探查受访者深层的感受和原因。
递进词 In addition 引出访谈独有优势。第4段先讲访谈能拿到 high response rate，再用递进词 In addition 引出访谈更深一层的好处——an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons（能超出书面问题、深挖受访者的感受与原因）。这句正是访谈相对问卷独有、且能挖到更多东西的优势，是答案句。
- probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasonsobtain more information深挖感受与原因 = 拿到更多信息
- A)与原文相反录音末句明说 questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent（更便宜的是问卷），A 项 Live interviews cost less money and energy 把省钱这个优点张冠李戴安到了访谈头上，恰好说反了——便宜的是问卷不是访谈，与原文相反。
借用原文：questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
- C)未提及Live interviews are easier to carry out（访谈更容易开展）听着合理，但录音讲访谈的优点只有回应率高和能深挖感受两条，从没说访谈比问卷更好操作；事实上当面访谈通常更费事，这是录音未提的想当然，属未提及。
- D)未提及minimize the influence of the researcher（把研究者影响降到最低）措辞很专业、很像学术答案，蹭了访谈 / 调查里研究者这一概念；但录音讲访谈优点时压根没提研究者影响大小的事，这是录音未提及的内容。
33 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- Dr. Bastian was surprised to see the dolphins weren't as smart as expected.
感知动词(see/find/notice等)+宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,不定式作原因状语和比较结构也很常见,本句结构具有较强的代表性和迁移价值。
- Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters.
主句+非限定性定语从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,用逗号隔开的"when"定语从句是标准句式,且历史背景叙述类句子在真题中很常见,结构代表性强,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms, he found the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate even if the roommate's test scores were low.
本句涵盖多种成分：主句的主谓宾结构及地点状语，宾语从句内部的主谓宾及条件状语，两个定语从句分别展示关系代词作主语的用法，条件和让步状语从句展示从属连词引导的状语。成分种类丰富，且包含典型易错点（如宾语从句省略 that、定语从句的嵌套、状语从句的层级），训练价值高。
- That same study found the randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.
宾语从句省略 that、比较结构中省略重复谓语,都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。学术文献和新闻报道常用这种结构陈述研究发现并进行数据对比。掌握这类句子的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量真题和实际阅读材料中,典型性很强。
- "At Indiana University, where housing was not so tight, more interracial roommates split up," he said.
直接引语 + 非限制性定语从句插入主干的组合在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见,掌握后可迁移到类似长句分析,具有较高代表性
- Here at Ohio State, where housing was tight, they were told to work it out.
被动语态搭配不定式作宾语补足语的结构（如"were told to work it out"）以及非限制性定语从句对地点进行补充说明，都是四六级和考研真题中常见的句式。这类句子结构在说明文和议论文中频繁出现，学习者掌握后可以在阅读和写作中大量复用，具有较高的典型性。
- Dr. Fazio's Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates.
"主句 + 宾语从句 + 比较结构" 是学术类真题的高频句式,宾语从句承载核心信息,比较结构用于量化对比,且涉及省略这一常考点,具有很强的代表性和复用性。
- They broke up more often than same-race roommates.
比较结构（"more...than"）在四六级和考研真题中极为常见，尤其在社会科学类文章中频繁出现。本句展示了比较状语从句的标准形式及谓语省略规则，是高度典型的考试句式，掌握后可直接迁移到大量类似句子。
- It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.
本句涵盖主系表结构、省略关系代词的定语从句、插入语、情态动词、宾语补足语、多层定语修饰等多种成分，且存在关系代词省略和分词作定语等易错点，适合作为综合性的成分划分练习材料。
- "But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said.
本句涵盖 there be 存在句、限制性定语从句、被动语态、方式状语、宾语补足语等多种成分，且三个定语从句提供了重复练习识别 that 在从句中不同成分（宾语、主语）的机会，成分种类丰富，训练价值较高。
- It is still far from being sufficient.
覆盖了形式主语、系动词谓语、形容词短语作表语这几个成分，其中形式主语是个值得练习的知识点。但成分种类不够丰富，缺少宾语、定语从句等常考成分。
- They are not as natural as we believed.
"not as...as" 比较结构在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现，用于表达程度对比或否定同等关系。本句将比较分句嵌套在表语中的用法是典型句式，学习者掌握后可直接迁移到大量类似结构的句子中，实用性强。
- So, it is important to fight against stress before it troubles you.
it is important to do 句型是四六级和考研阅读写作中的高频结构，常用于表达观点或建议，before 引导的时间状语从句也是常考从句类型。本句的结构模式具有很强的可复用性，掌握后可以套用到大量类似表达中，典型性较高。
- Whether you accept it or not, music affects our daily life, as every human responds to it.
让步状语从句 + 主句 + 原因状语从句的组合，是四六级和考研阅读中常见的复合句式。"Whether...or not" 引导让步从句、"as" 引导原因从句都是高频用法，掌握这个句型后可以在大量真题句中复用。句式代表性较强。
- It significantly contributes to enhanced mental and physical health.
简单句在考试中常见，但本句结构较为基础，不涉及复杂修饰或从句，作为典型句式的代表性一般，适合入门但迁移空间有限。
- Positive thinking plays a major role in combating stress.
主谓宾加状语的简单句是英语中最常见的基础句型之一，但由于过于简单，在四六级或考研真题中较少单独出现，通常会叠加从句或其他复杂结构，因此作为真题句式的代表性中等偏下。
- Whenever you face a situation when you are extremely stressed, try laughing or if not at least smile as it releases chemicals which decrease stress level in the body.
本句包含状语从句前置、定语从句修饰名词、祈使句主干、原因状语从句后置等四六级和考研真题中高频出现的句式组合,尤其"主句被状语从句前后夹击"和"从句内嵌套定语从句"是典型的长难句结构,掌握后可直接迁移到大量真题阅读和翻译场景,代表性强。
- Massage plays a role in mood-boosting and is good for sleep.
本句涵盖主语、并列谓语、宾语、表语、后置定语、状语等多种成分，且并列谓语结构需要学生识别 "and" 连接的层级（连接谓语而非分句），对初学者有一定练习价值。但成分本身较常规，无特殊易错点或高阶结构，训练价值中等偏下。
- Today, I'd like to talk about the roles television has been playing in Americans' political life.
“主句加名词后置限定”是很常见的阅读句式，像 "the way ..."、"the role ... plays"、"the idea ..." 这一类都能迁移。再加上句首时间状语和礼貌引入，也很符合常见书面表达与听力开场。
- Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens' patterns of response to politics.
这句话主干清楚但不单薄，既能训练现在完成时，又能训练长后置修饰和并列方式状语的处理。对结构和时态的综合训练来说，属于值得优先练习的材料。
- By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizens' focus on character rather than issues.
“介词短语作句首状语加主谓宾主干”是很常见的书面句式。掌握这种读法后，处理很多正式英语句子都能迁移。
- The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were.
定语从句修饰主语、比较级结构配比较从句，都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。介词 + 关系代词（on which）的用法在正式书面语中极为常见，比较结构的省略也是标准用法。掌握这个句子的拆解方法后，可以直接迁移到大量类似长难句上，代表性很强。
- The stump speech, a political speech given by travelling politicians and lasting hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10-second sound bite in broadcast news.
本句成分丰富且包含多个易错点：主语中嵌套同位语和非限制性定语从句、谓语为短语动词、宾语为并列结构、句末有地点状语，覆盖主谓宾、同位语、定语从句、状语等多种成分，非常适合作为成分划分的练习句。
- Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a part of the speech on the news.
本句结构高度典型,主系表结构搭配not...but...对比,限制性定语从句修饰表语名词,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,具有很强的代表性和实用性。
- Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words.
主句加 that 引导的宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读中高频句式，means that 结构尤其常见；从句内 rather than 并列也是典型用法。掌握本句结构可迁移到大量同类句子，代表性较强。
- However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
“主句前置背景状语 + 名词后接定语从句”是阅读中非常常见的书面结构，迁移性强。掌握这种拆法后，很多同类长句都能按同一路径处理。
- They spent more money in promoting their political candidates.
“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 介词短语补充说明”是非常常见的阅读句型。"spend ... in doing ..." 这类搭配也具有较强迁移性，掌握后能帮助处理不少类似句子。
- They can spend more time talking to citizens in person.
简单句加情态动词加现在分词状语的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，具有一定代表性。该句式可迁移到类似场景（如 They can improve efficiency by adopting new methods），属于中等典型度的常用句式。
- First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location.
"主谓宾 + 宾语后置定语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,限制性定语从句修饰宾语的模式非常典型,掌握后可广泛迁移至类似长难句
- Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera.
本句体现了四六级和考研阅读中的典型句式：主句含并列谓语通过 while 表对比，宾语后接限制性定语从句修饰。这种"主句 + 对比 + 定语从句限定"的结构在真题中频繁出现，且本句用词和话题（电视访谈对不同人群的影响）也贴近考试风格。掌握本句的拆解方法，可直接迁移到大量类似句子。代表性很强。
- An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire.
本句涵盖主句的主谓宾结构、状语从句的主谓宾补结构、形式宾语 "it" 与真正宾语的配合、比较状语 "than" 短语等多种成分。形式宾语和宾补的识别是常见易错点，比较结构的划分也有训练价值，成分种类丰富且具有实战意义。
- In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.
本句覆盖主语、情态谓语（并列）、介词宾语、状语等成分，且谓语为并列结构，两个介词短语宾语包含定语修饰（written、underlying），能练习识别并列谓语和介词短语宾语，有一定训练价值。
- Live interviews are easier to carry out.
"主语 + be + 形容词比较级 + 不定式" 是常见句式，在四六级和考研阅读中经常出现，具有一定代表性。但由于结构过于简单，与真题中更复杂的长难句相比典型性略低。
本卷出现的 279 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- politicalB1adj. 政治的
- stressB1n. 压力
- dolphinA2n. 海豚
- roommateB1n. 室友
- politicianB2n. 政治家
- leverB2n. 杠杆
- issueB1n. 问题
- candidateB1n. 候选人
- pressA2v. 按，压
- interracialC1adj. 不同种族间的
- strayB2v. 走失
- citizenB1n. 公民
- lectureB1n. 讲座
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- politicsB1n. 政治
- tankB1n. 坦克
- questionnaireB2n. 调查问卷
- lessA1det. 较少的
- argueB1v. 争论
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- physicalB1adj. 身体的
- statesA1n. 国家
- increasinglyB2adv. 越来越;日益;不断增加地
- housingB1n. 住房
- maleA2adj. 男性的
- stageA2n. 阶段
- fundB2n. 资金
- cannotA1aux. 不能
- productA2n. 产品
- focusB1n. 重点
- relationshipB1n. 关系
- positiveB1adj. 积极的
- reduceB1v. 减少，降低（数量、大小、程度等）
- majorB1adj. 主要的
- effectiveB1adj. 有效的，起作用的
- reflectB1v. 反映，显示
- thinkingA2n. 思考
- campaignB2n. 运动
- essentialB1adj. 必不可少的
- psychologyB2n. 心理学
- femaleA2adj. 女性的
- opinionA2n. 观点
- carefullyA2adv. 仔细地
- therapyB2n. 治疗
- obtainB2v. 获得
- assignB1v. 分配（任务、工作）
- eatingA1n. 吃
- graduallyB1adv. 逐渐地，逐步地
- steadyB1adj. 稳定的
- supposedB1adj. 应该的
- discourseC1n. 话语;论述
- mineralB1n. 矿物
- pollB2n. 民意调查
- coverageB2n. 新闻报道
- interviewerB1n. 面试官
- randomlyB2adv. 随机地
- tissueB1n. 纸巾
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- benefitB1n. 好处
- effectA2n. 影响
- accordC1n. （国家、团体间的）协议
- globalB2adj. 全球的
- baseA2n. 基础
- rateA2n. 速度
- affectB1v. 影响
- claimB1v. 声称
- policyB1n. 政策
- eventA2n. 事件
- leastA2det. 最少的
- declineB2v. 下降
- cognitiveC1adj. 认知的
- amountA2n. 数量
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- wrongA2adj. 错误的
- variousB1adj. 各种各样的
- crisisB2n. 危机
- generallyB1adv. 通常，一般地
- conductB2v. 组织并实施
- specificB2adj. 具体的
- pressureB1n. 心理压力
- solveA2v. 解决（问题、困难）
- audienceA2n. 观众
- debateB2n. 辩论
- respondB1v. 回答，答复
- responseB1n. 回答
- cellB1n. 细胞
- chemicalB1adj. 化学的
- exactlyB1adv. 精确地
- personalityB1n. 个性
- anxietyB2n. 焦虑
- rewardB1n. 报酬
- functionB1n. 功能
- idealB2adj. 理想的
- instituteB2n. 学院
- worldwideB1adj. 全世界的
- assertC1v. 坚称
- pollutionB1n. 污染
- centreA2n. 中心;中央
- contextB2n. （事情发生的）背景、环境
- fundingB2n. 资金
- historicalB2adj. 历史的
- depressionB2n. 抑郁症
- appropriateB2adj. 合适的
- characterB1n. 性格
- eliminateB2v. 消除
- analyzeB2v. 分析
- visualB2adj. 视觉的
- alterB2v. 改变，更改（使某物与之前不同）
- racialB2adj. 种族的
- respondentC1n. 被告
- attractiveB1adj. 有吸引力的
- interpretB2v. 解释
- cureB1v. 治愈（疾病）
- selectionB1n. 挑选
- cattleB1n. 牛（统称，尤指肉牛和奶牛）
- craftB1n. 手艺
- retireB1v. 退休
- biteA2v. 咬
- resortB2n. 度假胜地
- biologyB1n. 生物学
- representativeB2n. 代表
- sociologistC1n. 社会学家
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- betterA1adj. 更好的（good 的比较级）
- actuallyA2adv. 实际上，事实上（用于纠正或补充信息）
- dataB1n. 数据
- tendB1v. 倾向于，往往会
- localA2adj. 当地的
- powerA2n. 权力
- millionA2num. 一百万
- decadeB1n. 十年
- mentalB1adj. 精神的
- designB1n. 设计
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- professorB1n. 教授（大学教师的最高职称）
- factorB1n. 因素
- academicB2adj. 学术的
- growthB1n. 增长
- accessB1n. 进入
- mediumB1adj. 中等的
- caseA2n. 情况
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- incomeB1n. 收入
- demandB1v. 坚决要求
- typeA2n. 类型
- involveB1v. 包含
- promoteB2v. 促进
- contributeB1v. 捐献
- sourceB1n. 来源
- billionB1num. 十亿（1,000,000,000）
- agricultureB2n. 农业
- engageB2v. 参与;从事
- earnA2v. 赚得，挣得（金钱）
- availableA2adj. 可获得的
- farmingA2n. 农业;耕作
- managementB1n. 管理
- conceptB2n. 概念
- mediaB1n. 大众传播媒介（报刊、电视、广播、互联网等的总称）
- ensureB2v. 确保
- consumptionB2n. 消费
- associateB2v. 联系
- containB1v. 包含，含有
- argumentB1n. 争论
- fashionB1n. 时尚;流行款式
- relyB1v. 依赖;依靠
- rangeB1n. 范围
- thusB2adv. 因此，所以
- beingB1n. 存在
- damageB1n. 损害
- detailB1n. 细节
- indicateB2v. 表明
- patternB1n. 模式
- styleA2n. 方式
- certainlyA2adv. 当然
- absenceB1n. 缺席
- establishB2v. 建立，创立（组织、机构、关系等）
- recognizeB1v. 认出
- signalB1n. 信号
- additionA2n. 增加
- alternativeB2n. 可供选择的事物
- departmentA2n. 部门
- scheduleA2n. 时间表
- releaseB1v. 释放
- basisB2n. 基础;根据
- improvementB1n. 改进
- recoverB1v. 恢复健康
- highlyB1adv. 非常
- proposalB2n. 提议
- acquireB2v. 获得
- advancedB2adj. 先进的
- necessarilyB2adv. 必然地
- spotA2n. 地点
- sufficientB2adj. 足够的
- traditionB1n. 传统
- transformB2v. 使彻底改变;使转变
- broadB1adj. 宽阔的
- extremelyB1adv. 极其
- decreaseB1v. 减少，降低
- familiarB1adj. 熟悉的
- regularlyA2adv. 经常地
- scholarB2n. 学者
- willingB1adj. 愿意的，乐意的
- accelerateB2v. 加速
- accessibleB2adj. 可到达的
- mannerB1n. 方式
- numerousB2adj. 众多的，许多的
- differB1v. 不同，有区别
- differentlyA2adv. 不同地
- selectB1v. 选择，挑选
- earlierA2adv. 较早地
- locationB1n. 地点，位置
- properlyB1adv. 正确地
- accurateB2adj. 准确的
- calmB1adj. 平静的
- consistentB2adj. 一致的
- crucialB2adj. 至关重要的
- diminishC1v. 减少
- primarilyB2adv. 主要地
- adjustB2v. 调整
- concerningB2prep. 关于
- overcomeB2v. 克服
- sampleB1n. 样品
- organizeB1v. 组织，安排（活动、会议等）
- reactB1v. 作出反应
- adequateB2adj. 足够的，充分的
- bathA2n. 洗澡
- copeB2v. 应对
- engineeringB1n. 工程学
- combinationB1n. 结合
- reverseB2v. 颠倒
- bayB2n. 海湾
- briefB1adj. 简短的;短暂的
- locateB1v. 找到;找出…的位置
- significantlyB2adv. 显著地
- combatB2n. 战斗
- competitorB1n. 竞争者
- easeB1n. 容易
- interpersonalB2adj. 人际的
- minimizeB2v. 使减少到最低限度
- characterizeC1v. 是…的特征
- dislikeA2v. 不喜欢
- informB1v. 告知，通知（正式地告诉某人某事）
- outgoingB2adj. 外向的
- classicB1adj. 典型的
- requestB1n. 请求
- stressedB1adj. 焦虑不安的
- stressfulB1adj. 压力大的
- underlieC1v. 是……的根本原因
- accustomedB2adj. 习惯的;惯常的
- barrierB2n. 障碍物
- disadvantageB2n. 不利条件
- outdoorA2adj. 户外的，室外的
- positivelyB2adv. 积极地
- sayingB1n. 谚语
- academicallyB2adv. 在学业上
- accuratelyB2adv. 准确地
- commerceB2n. 商业
- fashionableB1adj. 时髦的
- focusedB1adj. 集中注意力的
- indulgeC1v. 放纵（自己享受某事物）
- opponentB2n. 对手
- ownershipB2n. 所有权
- sleepingA1v. 睡觉（sleep 的现在分词）
- detailedB2adj. 详细的，细致的
- specializeB2v. 专门从事
- biologistB2n. 生物学家
- commuterB2n. 通勤者
- constituteC1v. 构成，组成
- desiredB1adj. 期望的
- indicationB2n. 迹象
- inexpensiveB1adj. 不昂贵的
- jointB1adj. 共同的
- nutritiousB2adj. 有营养的，营养丰富的
- phraseB1n. 短语
- problematicC1adj. 有问题的
- shopperA2n. 购物者
- correctlyA2adv. 正确地
- prescriptionB2n. 处方
- speculateC1v. 推测，猜测
全卷录音原文 778 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 778 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 29 个 · 约 4%。
- 去重总词数
- 778
- B2 以上难词
- 4%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 79%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 B · 2 C · 3 C · 4 A · 5 A · 6 A · 7 D · 8 A · 9 B · 10 D · 11 D · 12 D · 13 A · 14 D · 15 A · 16 D · 17 C · 18 A · 19 C · 20 D · 21 B · 22 A · 23 A · 24 B · 25 B。答案字母分布为 A 9 · B 5 · C 4 · D 7。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 长对话（2 篇）1–8 题；Section B 听力篇章（2 篇）9–15 题；Section C 讲座/讲话（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 778 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 29%、A2 及以下约 55%、B1 及以下约 79%、B2 及以下约 96%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 29 个、约占 4%。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力出现了哪些英语六级高频词？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力的录音原文出现 279 个英语六级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：political（本卷 21 次，adj. 政治的）、stress（本卷 19 次，n. 压力）、dolphin（本卷 18 次，n. 海豚）、roommate（本卷 16 次，n. 室友）、politician（本卷 11 次，n. 政治家）、lever（本卷 10 次，n. 杠杆）、issue（本卷 9 次，n. 问题）、candidate（本卷 8 次，n. 候选人）。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 1 题：What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian's experiment? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 B）To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other。答案句出自录音「What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier」（他想做的是，教一只名叫 Buss 的雄海豚和一只名叫 Doris 的雌海豚隔着一道实心屏障彼此沟通），靠意图交代句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（teach a male dolphin called Buss and a female called Doris to communicate with each other ↔ see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（test how responsive dolphins are to various signals 借了录音后文反复出现的 light/lever 等"信号"概念，听着像那么回事，但录音交代的目的是"教海豚彼此沟通"，不是"测它们对信号的反应快慢"，方向被偷换了）；C 项属未提及（examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill 把目的说成"考察海豚学会一项技能要多久"，但录音从头到尾没提"用了多长时间"，是凭空加的方向）；D 项属原词陷阱（find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one 借了录音里真有的 male/female 两只海豚来设套，但实验目的是"教它们沟通"，不是"比雌雄谁更聪明"，把目的张冠李戴成了一个比聪明的问题），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 2 题：What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Press the right-hand lever first。答案句出自录音「If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order」（如果灯反复闪烁数次，海豚应当先按左边的杠杆再按右边的；如果灯保持稳定不闪，海豚应当以相反的顺序按这两个杠杆），靠条件配对 + 顺序反转定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order ↔ Press the right-hand lever first）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Raise their heads above the water 在录音里压根没出现，海豚要做的是按杠杆而不是把头抬出水面，属凭空动作）；B 项属原词陷阱（Swim straight into the same tank 借了录音里真有的 tank(水箱)一词，但稳定灯下规则讲的是按杠杆顺序，不是游进水箱，词眼熟却答非所问）；D 项属原词陷阱（Produce the appropriate sound 借了第二阶段海豚靠声音沟通的概念，但本题问的是第一阶段稳定灯下的杠杆动作，跟发声无关，是把后文的元素错接到本题），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 3 题：How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Press the right-hand lever first。答案句出自录音「In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn't actually see each other. The levers and the light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first」（在第二阶段，巴斯蒂安博士把两只海豚分到两个水箱里。它们仍能听见彼此，却看不见对方。杠杆和灯的布置和先前完全一样，只不过这一次只有 Doris 能看见那盏指示先按哪个杠杆的灯），靠except that 点出唯一不同定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first ↔ Press the right-hand lever first）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Raise their heads above the water 录音从未描述这一动作，与两阶段差异(只有 Doris 能看灯)无关）；B 项属与原文相反（Swim straight into the same tank 借了录音的 tank，但第二阶段恰恰是"分到两个水箱"separated the dolphins into two tanks，选项说"游进同一个水箱"正好把变化方向说反了）；D 项属原词陷阱（Produce the appropriate sound 借了第二阶段 Doris 要靠声音告诉 Buss 灯型的情节，但题问的是"两阶段差异"，发声只是 Doris 一方的传讯手段，并非选项 C 所占的答案位），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 4 题：What can we learn from the experiment? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Both the dolphins did a perfect job and were rewarded with fish。答案句出自录音「Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate」（嗯，令人惊叹的是，这两只海豚达到了百分之百的成功率），靠amazingly 收束结果定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate ↔ Both the dolphins did a perfect job；Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish ↔ were rewarded with fish）。其余选项：B 项属与原文相反（The male dolphin failed to press the levers in the correct order 盗用了录音里 levers、correct order 等真实词，但结尾明说"100% 成功率"，根本没有谁"失败"，选项把圆满结果反说成雄海豚出错）；C 项属与原文相反（The female dolphin made a mistake when communicating with the male dolphin 盗用了 Doris 向 Buss 传讯沟通的真实情节，但既然达到 100% 成功，沟通显然没出错，选项把"沟通成功"反说成"雌海豚犯错"）；D 项属与原文相反（Dr. Bastian was surprised to see the dolphins weren't as smart as expected 蹭了录音 amazingly 透出的"惊讶"情绪，却把它说成"惊讶海豚没那么聪明"；实际的惊叹是"惊讶它们居然 100% 成功"，方向恰好反了），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 5 题：Where does this conversation most probably take place? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 5 题是推断题，正确答案 A）In a resort town。答案句出自录音「Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters」（哈罗盖特在维多利亚时代成了一个时尚的度假胜地，当时人们来这里在矿泉水里沐浴），靠背景交代句点出 resort定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Harrogate became a fashionable resort ↔ In a resort town.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音是广播节目 This week's program "Up Your Street"，并非课堂讲座；In a lecture room. 利用“节目/讲解”这种听感诱你选演讲厅，但对话谈的是小镇本身、不是上课场所）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音后文确实提到 people let their cattle stray on the area，On a cattle farm. 盗用 cattle 一词，但那只是讲一块地名字的由来，对话本身不是发生在牛场）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音末尾说春天有花 There're spring flowers on the old trees，In a botanical garden. 借“花”诱你联想植物园，但谈的是小镇公园的春花，不是植物园这个场所），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 6 题：What do we learn about modern Harrogate? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It is an ideal place for people to retire to。答案句出自录音「Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to」（如今，很少有人因为矿泉水而来访这座小镇了。相反，哈罗盖特已成为一个人们乐于退休养老的热门小镇），靠Today + Instead 双重转向定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to ↔ It is an ideal place for people to retire to.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音 became a fashionable resort during Victorian times 是讲过去，It has kept many traditions from Victorian times. 盗用 Victorian times，却把“维多利亚时代成名”偷换成“保留维多利亚传统”，录音从没说它保留了什么传统）；C 项属原词陷阱（It is at the centre of the fashion industry. 与录音里的 fashionable（时尚的）听感相近，但 fashionable 只是形容这地方当年“时髦”，绝不等于“时尚产业中心”，后者录音从未提及）；D 项属原词陷阱（It remains very attractive with its mineral waters. 盗用高频词 mineral waters，但录音 Today 一句恰恰说 few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters——现在没人为矿泉水来了，与 remains attractive 正相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 7 题：What does the man say about the area called the Stray? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It is protected as parkland by a special law。答案句出自录音「Oh, yes, indeed. There's a special law: no one can build anything on the Stray. It's protected forever」（哦，当然，确实如此。有一条专门的法律：任何人都不能在 the Stray 上建造任何东西。它被永久保护着），靠对 is it protected 的直接应答定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（There's a special law: no one can build anything on the Stray. It's protected forever. ↔ It is protected as parkland by a special law.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate. 给出具体方位 eastern part，但录音只说它是 right down into the middle of the town（在镇中心），从未说在东部，方位被无中生有地编造）；B 项属原词陷阱（录音说 some of the Stray is used for sports fields——只是部分用作运动场，It will be used as a centre for athletic training. 盗用运动相关意象，把“部分作运动场”夸大成“将作为体育训练中心”，程度与时态都被改）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音说名字来历是 people let their cattle stray on the area（因放牧而得名），It was named after a land owner in the old days. 盗用后文 land ownership 里的 owner，谎称“以某地主命名”，张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 8 题：What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 A）The beautiful flowers。答案句出自录音「Yes, it does. There're spring flowers on the old trees, and people visit the town just to see the flowers」（是的，确实如此。古树上开着春天的花，人们专程来这座小镇就为看这些花），靠just to see the flowers 的强调定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（people visit the town just to see the flowers ↔ The beautiful flowers.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（the Stray 整体是 open parkland 那片开阔绿地，The vast grassland. 借这层背景诱选，但录音说春天吸引人的明明是花，不是草地本身）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音前文夸这地方 Its clean air（空气清新），The refreshing air. 盗用这层意思，但那是讲整体宜居、不是春天吸引人的看点，时间和焦点都对不上）；D 项属原词陷阱（The mineral waters. 盗用全篇反复出现的 mineral waters，但录音早说 few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters——现在没人为矿泉水来了，更非春天看点，纯属听到高频词就想选的陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 9 题：What do we know about Russell Fazio? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 B）He teaches psychology at Ohio State University。答案句出自录音「Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect」（Russell Fazio 是俄亥俄州立大学的一位心理学教授，他在该校以及印第安纳大学研究过跨种族室友，他发现了一个有趣的学业效应），靠人物出场即配头衔定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（an Ohio State psychology professor ↔ teaches psychology at Ohio State University）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（provides counseling for university students 说他给学生做心理咨询，录音只说他是 psychology professor 并做研究，从未提 counseling，属凭「心理学」联想出的虚构身份）；C 项属原词陷阱（specializes in interpersonal relationships 借用了贯穿全文的「关系」话题，听着耳熟；但录音说他研究的是 interracial roommates（跨种族室友这一具体对象），并非笼统的 interpersonal relationships，且其身份是 professor 而非「专攻人际关系」）；D 项属原词陷阱（has experience tutoring black students 用了录音高频词 black students，但录音里他是研究（studied）黑人学生这一群体，不是 tutoring（辅导）他们；把「研究者」错说成「辅导者」），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 10 题：Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio's study? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Black freshmen with high standardized test scores。答案句出自录音「he found the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate even if the roommate's test scores were low」（他发现，那些入学时标准化考试分数高的黑人新生，如果有一个白人室友，成绩会更好，哪怕这个室友的考试分数很低），靠限定从句锁定受益人群定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores ↔ Black freshmen with high standardized test scores；earned better grades if they had a white roommate ↔ Black freshmen with high standardized test scores）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（Students who scored low on standardized tests 盗用了录音里 standardized test scores 这个词，但把受益者的关键限定 high 反成 low；录音明说 high standardized test scores 的黑人新生才获益，低分者并未因此受益）；B 项属原词陷阱（Students who are accustomed to living in dorms 借了录音里 dorms 一词，但录音从没说「习惯住宿舍的学生」受益，dorms 只是研究样本的居住背景，并非受益者的限定条件）；C 项属偷换概念（Black students from families with low incomes 同写黑人学生，却把决定受益的条件由「高考试分数」换成了「低家庭收入」；录音通篇未提 income，受益者靠的是 test scores 高，不是收入），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 11 题：What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 11 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They broke up more often than same-race roommates。答案句出自录音「That same study found the randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates」（同一项研究发现，俄亥俄州立大学随机分配的跨种族室友，在一个学季结束前拆伙的频率，大约是同种族室友的两倍），靠found 引出 + 倍数对比定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates ↔ They broke up more often than same-race roommates.）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（They generally spent more time together than white pairs. 既串了场又反了向：spent…time together 出自第 3 段讲 Indiana 的 spent less time together，那里是「相处更少」，选项却说「相处更多」，地点和方向双错）；B 项属原词陷阱（They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester. 借用了录音的 dorms 和「学期/学季末」时间感，但 Ohio State 那段说的是 broke up（关系破裂），并非搬出宿舍；且 Ohio State 用的是 the end of the quarter，end of the semester 是第 3 段 Indiana 的说法）；C 项属原词陷阱（They were more appreciative of the university's housing policy. 套用了录音里 housing policies 这一短语，但录音说住房政策让学生「难以搬走」（被迫留下），从没说学生「更感激」该政策，appreciative 纯属虚构态度），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 12 题：What did Dr. Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for 10 weeks? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Their racial attitudes improved。答案句出自录音「The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes」（我们发现最有趣的一点是：如果这段室友关系撑过了仅仅 10 周，我们就能看到种族态度上的改善），靠最高级 most interesting + 数字 10 weeks 双锚定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（an improvement in racial attitudes ↔ Their racial attitudes improved.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（Their test scores rose gradually. 借了第 1 段的 test scores，但 10 周后改善的是 racial attitudes（态度），不是考试分数；而且 test scores 出现在「谁受益」那段，与 10 周的变化无关）；B 项属原词陷阱（They started doing similar activities. 套用了第 3 段的 joint activities 一词，但那是讲 Indiana 室友「共同活动更少」的背景，录音从没说 10 周后他们「开始做相似活动」，纯属拼接）；C 项属与原文相反（They grew bored of each other. 是负向变化（互相生厌），与录音 an improvement in racial attitudes 的正向改善完全相反；录音强调的是关系撑过 10 周后变好，不是变厌），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 13 题：What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 13 题是态度观点题，正确答案 A）It can help solve global food crises。答案句出自录音「It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way」（他相信这是一种能帮助解决未来全球粮食危机的产品，这场危机源于传统方式养肉可用的土地正在不断减少），靠he believes 标出本人观点定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（could help solve future global food crises ↔ It can help solve global food crises.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（录音从没说人造肉会改变食物的概念，not as natural as we believed 那段讲的是人们不愿把技术和食物联系，与改变概念是两回事，It will change the concept of food. 属臆造）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音确实说 one of only a few scientists worldwide，It has attracted worldwide attention. 盗用了 worldwide 这个原词，但原文是说全球只有少数科学家在做，不是说它受到全球关注，听到 worldwide 就选就上当）；D 项属与原文相反（录音说在美国它是 science in search of funding and demand（在找经费和需求），处境艰难，It will become popular gradually. 说会逐渐流行，与原文走向相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 14 题：What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It is still far from being sufficient。答案句出自录音「"Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million."」（把任何一项新技术推向市场平均要花 10 亿美元，而我们连 100 万美元都没有），靠数字对比凸显严重不足定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million ↔ It is still far from being sufficient.）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（It will become popular gradually. 讲的是会逐渐流行，和本题问的 funding（经费够不够）根本不是一回事，且录音也没说会流行，属答非所问）；B 项属未提及（录音说 NASA 只短暂资助、几家机构都不资助，从未提到有定期捐款的 donors，It comes regularly from its donors. 里的稳定捐助来源是编造的）；C 项属与原文相反（录音反复说没钱、NASA 只短暂资助、连 100 万都没有，It has been increased over the years. 说经费逐年增加，与原文的缺钱困境完全相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 15 题：What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 15 题是态度观点题，正确答案 A）They are not as natural as we believed。答案句出自录音「"But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said」（但是我们今天所吃的许多食品，虽被认为是天然的，其实也是用类似（在实验室）的方式生产出来的，Genovese 说），靠转折 But 后才是真意定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner ↔ They are not as natural as we believed.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（录音只谈天不天然、怎么生产，没有比较这些食品是否更健康，They are less healthy than we expected. 的健康话题是录音没有的）；C 项属未提及（录音在 are considered natural 的语境里谈天然，They are more nutritious and delicious. 却编出更有营养更好吃，原文从未夸这些食品营养美味，是借天然话题臆造的正向评价）；D 项属未提及（录音只字未提价格，They are not as expensive as before. 的贵不贵和原文 Genovese 谈的天然与生产方式无关，纯属臆造），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 16 题：What may add to the cause of stress according to the lecture? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Exhausting jobs and wrong eating habits。答案句出自录音「Our tiring jobs, faulty eating habits and pollution may add to the cause of stress」（我们累人的工作、不良的饮食习惯以及污染，都可能成为压力的成因），靠题干原话回响+并列列举定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（tiring jobs ↔ Exhausting jobs；faulty eating habits ↔ wrong eating habits）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 项 Exhausting jobs and wasted time. 前半 Exhausting jobs 确是录音 tiring jobs 的同义改写，听到很想选；但后半 wasted time（浪费时间）录音中根本没出现，属凭一个对的要素硬凑。只对上一半即排除）；B 项属原词陷阱（B 项 Wrong eating habits and wasted time. 前半 Wrong eating habits 对应录音 faulty eating habits，是真念到的；后半 wasted time 同样无中生有。一对一错，排除）；C 项属原词陷阱（C 项 Pollution and cognitive decline. 里 Pollution 确属录音点的成因之一；但 cognitive decline（认知衰退）在录音里是压力"导致的后果"——an increase in stress hormones might speed up cognitive decline，被本项偷换成压力的"成因"，因果颠倒），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 17 题：What can act as a healing therapy to cure personality issues? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Music。答案句出自录音「A combination of psychology and counselling, music can act as a healing therapy to cure several conditions like depression, personality issues, cancer, etc」（音乐结合心理学与心理咨询，可以作为一种治愈性疗法，治疗诸如抑郁、人格问题、癌症等多种状况），靠题干短语回响+病症清单含目标词定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（music ↔ Music.；personality issues ↔ Music.）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（A 项 Adequate sleep. 对应录音 A good amount of sleep of say 7-8 hours is a must to relax your mind and reduce stress levels，睡眠的功效是放松心神、降压，从未说能治 personality issues。听到"睡眠"被讲过就选，会落入此项）；B 项属答非所问（B 项 Laugh or smile. 对应录音 try laughing or if not at least smile as it releases chemicals which decrease stress level，笑的功效是释放化学物质降低压力，与治疗 personality issues 无关）；D 项属答非所问（D 项 Exercise. 对应录音 daily physical exercise helps protect your brain from stress-induced depression，运动的功效是保护大脑、防压力性抑郁，没说能治 personality issues），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 18 题：What can be the reason for a massage lover to be more obsessed with it according to the lecture? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Massage helps to improve physical function and reduce stress。答案句出自录音「If you are a massage lover, here is one more reason for you to indulge in it more often as massage improves vascular function and helps in reducing stress」（如果你是个按摩爱好者，这里再给你一个更常做按摩的理由：因为按摩能改善血管功能，并有助于减轻压力），靠因果 as 引出真正理由定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（improves vascular function ↔ improve physical function；helps in reducing stress ↔ reduce stress）。其余选项：B 项属张冠李戴（B 项 Massage plays a role in mood-boosting and is good for sleep. 说按摩提振情绪、助眠；但录音讲按摩只说改善血管功能与减压，助眠是睡眠段 reduce stress levels 那类内容、提振情绪近似笑/正向思维的功效，被安到了 massage 头上）；C 项属原词陷阱（C 项 Essential oils used in massage help to eliminate various diseases. 借了录音真出现的 Essential oils help to soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety，但原文 essential oils 只是"安抚心神、消除焦虑(anxiety)"，被本项夸大成"消除各种疾病(various diseases)"，范围被放大）；D 项属原词陷阱（D 项 Essential oils used in massage do good to your memory and thinking. 同样借 essential oils 做诱饵，但录音说精油是 soothe your mind and eliminate anxiety，从未说有益 memory and thinking（记忆与思维），功效被整个换掉），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 19 题：What does the talk say about political parties before the introduction of television? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They had more influence over the selection of political candidates。答案句出自录音「By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates」（通过让公民独立接触候选人，电视削弱了政党在主要政党候选人选拔中的作用），靠'电视削弱了'反推'之前更强'定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates ↔ influence over the selection of political candidates；television diminished the role ↔ They had more influence）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（spent more money in promoting their political candidates 借了 candidates 这个话题词诱你选，但录音讲的是政党对候选人'选拔'的影响，从未提政党花钱'推广'候选人，属答非所问的原词陷阱）；B 项属张冠李戴（attracted more members and focused on candidates' characters 里的 character 确实是录音念到的词（focus on character rather than issues），但那是讲'电视让公民关注品格'，不是讲'政党吸引成员、注重品格'，把别处的词搬来张冠李戴）；D 项属未提及（received more money from sponsors as campaign funds 谈竞选资金与赞助商，录音整段讲的是政党在候选人选拔中的'影响力'变化，没有一句涉及钱或赞助商，属凭空添加），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 20 题：Why was traditional political discourse more successful than televised speeches? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 20 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It placed political issues within a historical context。答案句出自录音「In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others」（在15秒或30秒里，演讲者无法建立塑造该议题的历史背景，无法详述问题的可能成因，也无法考察各种替代方案以论证某一方案优于其他），靠电视演讲'cannot'的，正是传统话语能的定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question ↔ placed political issues within a historical context）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（made politics seem more intimate 里的 intimate 是录音第5段形容'电视'的词（television is an intimate medium），但'亲密'是电视的属性、不是传统话语更成功的原因，既盗原词又把对象弄反）；B 项属偷换概念（provided detailed information about a candidate's behaviour 看似与原文 detail 一词沾边，但录音 cannot detail the probable causes of the problem 讲的是'详述问题成因'，根本不是'候选人行为的细节'，偷换了 detail 的对象）；C 项属原词陷阱（allowed news coverage of political candidates 里的 news coverage 是录音讲电视新闻时出现的概念（hear and see a part of the speech on the news），但那是电视带来的现象，并非传统话语更成功的理由，借词诱选），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 21 题：What does the speaker mean by stating "politicians assert but do not argue"? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 21 题是推断题，正确答案 B）Politicians make claims without providing arguments for the claims。答案句出自录音「Politicians assert but do not argue」（政客们只下断言，却不加以论证），靠题干引号原句即答案句本身定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Politicians assert ↔ make claims；but do not argue ↔ without providing arguments for the claims）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（dislike explaining their own positions on specific issues 把'不论证'升级成'讨厌解释'，录音只说政客'不去论证'（行为），没说他们'不喜欢/讨厌'（情绪态度），属过度推断）；C 项属与原文相反（enjoy explaining issues and arguing with competitors 说政客喜欢解释和辩论，而原文明说他们 do not argue（不论证），极性完全相反，是把答案翻反的反向项）；D 项属未提及（take stronger positions on political issues than in the past 谈立场'更强硬'且做今昔对比，原句只说'断言不论证'，与立场强弱、与过去比较都无关，凭空生造），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 22 题：Why do politicians create staged political events? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 22 题是目的题，正确答案 A）They can obtain more television coverage for themselves。答案句出自录音「Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage」（意识到电视画面的力量，政客们精心制造电视化的、摆拍式的事件，称为'伪事件'，其目的是吸引媒体报道），靠designed to 直接点出目的定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（designed to attract media coverage ↔ obtain more television coverage for themselves）。其余选项：B 项属与原文相反（create more time to discuss political issues 里 political issues 是全文反复出现的词，诱你联想，但录音通篇强调电视化让政治表达'变短、不论证'，政客做伪事件是为曝光、不是为多谈议题，方向相反）；C 项属未提及（talking to citizens in person 谈'当面交流'，而答案句明说政客图的是 media coverage（媒体曝光），与'当面'恰好相反，录音也无此意，凭空添加且方向偏）；D 项属原词陷阱（engage in debates with their opponents 里 debates 是录音末句出现的词（answers to questions in debates），但那是讲'辩论里的回答像广告'，不是政客做伪事件的目的，借原词张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 23 题：What's the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 A）They are not based on a representative sampling。答案句出自录音「While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. ... A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population」（尽管这类访谈可以很有娱乐性，它们却未必是民意的准确反映。首先，它们只反映出现在某个特定地点的那些人的意见。……一项调查若要真正反映广泛人群，就必须建立在精确的、有代表性的抽样之上），靠让步转折 While… + 否定 not necessarily 后才是真意定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion ↔ not based on a representative sampling）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音确实提到这类随访常见于 local television news shows（地方电视新闻节目），B 项 used only on television broadcasting 就盗用了 television 这个你耳朵刚听到的词诱你选；但录音只说它常出现在电视上，从没说只用于电视广播，更没把这当作缺点，属听到原词就想选的陷阱）；C 项属张冠李戴（not carefully worded and organized（措辞与组织不够用心）讲的是问题的措辞问题，那是录音第3段 great care in the wording of questions 才谈的另一码事，且是讲整个调查要注意的，并非街头随访的缺点。本题问的是 person-on-the-street interviews，毛病在抽样不在措辞，C 是张冠李戴）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音开头说民调 have become an important part of political life（成了政治生活的重要部分），D 项 reflect political opinions from the public 盗了 political 这个词，还把它包装成一个优点 / 特征；但这既不是街头随访的缺点，方向也正好与题目问缺点相反，是用原词正话反说），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 24 题：What is crucial for an effective survey? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Carefully worded and understandable questions。答案句出自录音「In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. ... Surveys can become indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately」（在准备开展一项调查时，社会学家必须在问题的措辞上格外用心。一个有效的调查问题必须简单清晰到让人能看懂。……调查可以成为不可或缺的信息来源，但前提是抽样做得恰当、问题措辞准确），靠强调词 must + only if 锁定关键要素定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it ↔ Carefully worded and understandable questions；must exercise great care in the wording of questions ↔ Carefully worded）。其余选项：A 项属偷换概念（录音确实强调抽样要做好（only if the sampling is done properly），A 项 large number of respondents 蹭了这个调查领域的概念，却把关键偷换成受访者数量要多；可录音通篇强调的是抽样要有代表性、要做得恰当，从没说样本数量越大越关键，属偷换概念）；C 项属张冠李戴（interviewer's ability to understand respondents' feelings 取自第4段讲访谈优点的 probe for a subject's underlying feelings，那是在比较访谈与问卷各自长处时说的，并非有效调查最关键的要素。本题问 crucial for an effective survey，答案在第3段的措辞，C 是把别段的话搬来张冠李戴）；D 项属未提及（录音开头出现过 sociologists must exercise great care，D 项 sociologist who is able to interpret the results 就盗了 sociologist 这个词；但录音只说社会学家要在措辞上用心，从没说会解读结果的社会学家才是有效调查的关键，这层意思是录音没提的，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 25 题：What's the advantage of live interviews over questionnaires? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第3套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Live interviews can obtain more information。答案句出自录音「An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons」（访谈者能获得较高的回应率，因为比起把一份书面问卷扔掉，人们更难拒绝当面提出的访谈请求。此外，访谈者还能超出书面问题之外，探查受访者深层的感受和原因），靠递进词 In addition 引出访谈独有优势定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons ↔ obtain more information）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音末句明说 questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent（更便宜的是问卷），A 项 Live interviews cost less money and energy 把省钱这个优点张冠李戴安到了访谈头上，恰好说反了——便宜的是问卷不是访谈，与原文相反）；C 项属未提及（Live interviews are easier to carry out（访谈更容易开展）听着合理，但录音讲访谈的优点只有回应率高和能深挖感受两条，从没说访谈比问卷更好操作；事实上当面访谈通常更费事，这是录音未提的想当然，属未提及）；D 项属未提及（minimize the influence of the researcher（把研究者影响降到最低）措辞很专业、很像学术答案，蹭了访谈 / 调查里研究者这一概念；但录音讲访谈优点时压根没提研究者影响大小的事，这是录音未提及的内容），均可排除。