2015年12月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：7 篇录音各自先给 共 2499 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 6 · B 6 · C 5 · D 8。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语六级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2015年12月·第1套 英语六级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
W: Charles, as a singer, do you ever make yourself cry when you sing?
W: 查尔斯，作为一名歌手，你唱歌时会不会唱到让自己流泪？
M: No, not at this stage. I'm an old man. But the songs can still get through to me.
M: 不会了，到了我这个年纪不会。我已经是个老人了。不过，这些歌仍然能打动我。
W: What song writers are currently exciting you?
W: 目前有哪些歌曲作者让你感到兴奋？
M: I don't know much about song writers. Once in a while, I'll listen to the radio to see what they are putting out. But it's not too often I hear something like that. Somebody like Art Tatum can make me sit up and take notice. But some music, like Rap, isn't very musical, and I can't learn anything from it. You got to do something more than talk to me.
M: 我对歌曲作者了解不多。偶尔我会听听收音机，看看他们推出了什么作品。但我不常听到那种能打动我的东西。像阿特·塔图姆这样的人，会让我精神一振、留心倾听。不过，有些音乐，比如说唱，并不怎么有音乐性，我也无法从中学到任何东西。你得做点不只是跟我说话的事。
W: What's the most difficult kind of music to sing?
W: 哪一种音乐最难唱？
M: It depends. If I like something, I can sing it. I did the opera Porgy and Bess, and that's said to be a complicated piece of music. And I can do country music, blues and love songs. On the other hand, I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects.
M: 这要看情况。如果我喜欢某首歌，我就能唱。我演唱过歌剧《波吉与贝丝》，据说那是一部很复杂的音乐作品。而且乡村音乐、布鲁斯和情歌我都能唱。另一方面，我不喜欢的东西我就唱不了，这也是我的一个缺点。
W: Can you perform music that's out of tune with the mood you might be in on a given night?
W: 在某个晚上，如果你的情绪与音乐不合，你还能演出那种音乐吗？
M: Yes, because when you sing, you are like an actor performing a part. Once you get out there you become that part, only you are using music instead of dialogue. I'm the kind of person that if my personal life is hurting, I can go to work and the music will take over. It's like a guy who goes to a bar and drinks. For those few hours, I can wrap myself up in my music.
M: 能，因为唱歌的时候，你就像演员在扮演一个角色。一旦走上台，你就会成为那个角色，只不过你用的是音乐，而不是对白。我这个人，如果个人生活中有什么烦心事，我可以去工作，让音乐接管一切。就像一个人去酒吧喝酒一样。在那几个小时里，我可以把自己完全沉浸在音乐中。
What does Charles say songs can do when he sings them?
Charles说当他唱歌时，歌曲能做什么？
- A) 触动他的心灵。
- B) 让他哭泣。
- C) 让他想起自己的人生。
- D) 让他感觉年轻。
No, not at this stage. I'm an old man. But the songs can still get through to me.
不，现在这个阶段不会了。我老了。但歌still能打动我、touch到我的内心。
转折 But 后才是真意。他先答 No, not at this stage.（现在唱歌不会让自己哭了），随后用 But the songs can still get through to me. 转折——But 之后才是他真正想表达的：歌依然能打动他。听力里转折词后面才是落点。
- the songs can still get through to meTouch his heart.get through to me = touch his heart
- B)原词陷阱选项 Make him cry. 抓的是录音里的 cry，但原文 No, not at this stage. 正是对"唱歌会不会哭"的否定回答——他明说现在不会哭了，B 取了被否定的内容。
借用原文：No, not at this stage.
- C)未提及选项 Remind him of his life. 说歌让他"想起自己的人生"，但他只说歌能 get through to me"打动他"，全程没说歌让他回忆人生，属凭空添加。
- D)与原文相反选项 Make him feel young. 说歌让他"感觉年轻"，可原文相反——他强调 I'm an old man."我是个老人"，并没说歌让他变年轻，方向相反。
借用原文：I'm an old man.
What does Charles say about himself as a singer?
Charles对自己作为歌手是怎么说的？
- A) 他擅长唱歌剧。
- B) 他喜欢复杂的音乐。
- C) 如果他喜欢一首歌，他就能唱任何歌。
- D) 他特别喜爱乡村音乐。
If I like something, I can sing it. I did the opera Porgy and Bess, and that's said to be a complicated piece of music. And I can do country music, blues and love songs.
如果我喜欢某样东西，我就能唱它。我演过歌剧《Porgy and Bess》，那被说成是一首很复杂的曲子。我也能唱乡村乐、布鲁斯和情歌。
条件句 If I like… 是答案核。他回答"什么最难唱"时先抛出原则 If I like something, I can sing it.——这个"只要喜欢就能唱"的条件句是核心，后面举歌剧、乡村乐都是为它服务的例子。
- If I like something, I can sing it.He can sing any song if he likes it.like something/can sing it=like it/can sing any song
- A)原词陷阱选项 He is good at singing operas. 抓住录音里的 opera，但原文 I did the opera Porgy and Bess 只说他"演过"一部歌剧，并没说他"擅长唱歌剧"，把"做过"夸大成"擅长"。
借用原文：I did the opera Porgy and Bess
- B)张冠李戴选项 He enjoys complicated music. 抓的是 complicated，但原文 that's said to be a complicated piece of music 是"别人说那首歌复杂"，他本人没说"喜欢复杂音乐"，把客观评价安到了他的偏好上。
借用原文：that's said to be a complicated piece of music
- D)原词陷阱选项 He loves country music in particular. 抓住 country music，但原文 I can do country music, blues and love songs. 把乡村乐和布鲁斯、情歌并列为"我都能唱"，并无"尤其偏爱乡村乐"之意，in particular 是凭空加的。
借用原文：I can do country music, blues and love songs.
What's one of the man's weaknesses?
这个男人的弱点之一是什么？
- A) 他无法演唱像歌剧这样复杂的音乐作品。
- B) 他无法唱他不喜欢的歌。
- C) 他有时无法专注于自己的演唱。
- D) 他无法边唱歌边演奏乐器。
On the other hand, I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects.
另一方面，我不能唱我不喜欢的东西，这是我的缺点之一。
defect 自陈缺点+转折 On the other hand。他先说能唱各种喜欢的曲风，再用 On the other hand 转折，点出 I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects.——defect"缺点"是明确的答案信号词，转折后正是弱点所在。
- I can't sing something I don't likeHe can't sing a song that he doesn't like.something→a song，几乎逐字对应
- A)原词陷阱选项 He can't do such a complicated piece of music as the opera. 盗用 complicated、opera，但原文 I did the opera Porgy and Bess 说他演过那部复杂歌剧、明明能做，A 说他"做不了"恰好相反。
借用原文：I did the opera Porgy and Bess
- C)未提及选项 He can't concentrate on his singing sometimes. 说他"有时不能专注唱歌"，原文从未提及专注问题，纯属编造。
- D)未提及选项 He can't play musical instrument while singing. 说他"不能边弹乐器边唱"，原文通篇没谈乐器演奏，属凭空添加。
What will Charles do when his personal life is hurting?
当Charles的个人生活受到伤害时，他会做什么？
- A) 去酒吧喝上几个小时。
- B) 去一个与世隔绝的地方唱布鲁斯。
- C) 去音乐厅看演出。
- D) 去工作并让自己沉浸在音乐中。
I'm the kind of person that if my personal life is hurting, I can go to work and the music will take over.
我是这样一种人：如果我的个人生活在受煎熬，我可以去工作，让音乐接管一切（把我整个裹进去）。
条件 if my personal life is hurting 后接应对。他说 if my personal life is hurting, I can go to work and the music will take over——条件"个人生活受伤"与题干的 when 对应，其后的 go to work、music will take over 就是他的应对动作。
- I can go to work and the music will take overGo to work and wrap himself up in music.go to work 原词+music take over=wrap up in music
- I can wrap myself up in my musicGo to work and wrap himself up in music.wrap myself up=wrap himself up，仅人称变
- A)原词陷阱选项 Go to a bar and drink for hours. 抓住 bar、drink，但原文 It's like a guy who goes to a bar and drinks. 是个比喻——他说自己沉浸音乐"就像别人去酒吧喝酒"，喝酒的是"别人/那个比喻里的人"，不是他真要做的。
借用原文：It's like a guy who goes to a bar and drinks.
- B)张冠李戴选项 Go to an isolated place to sing blues. 借用前文出现过的 blues（I can do country music, blues and love songs.），但那是他列举能唱的曲风，与"难过时怎么办"无关，且原文没说"去僻静处唱布鲁斯"。
借用原文：I can do country music, blues and love songs.
- C)未提及选项 Go to see a performance in a concert hall. 说他去音乐厅看演出，原文只说他难过时"去工作、投入自己的音乐"，从未提到去音乐厅看别人表演，属编造。
W: I wonder if you could tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer. What do you actually do and how do you prepare for your job?
W: 我想请你介绍一下你作为电台播音员的工作。你具体做些什么？又是如何为工作做准备的？
M: Well, in the news room I'm sitting with the reporters and the news subs, as though I'm sitting in a newspaper news room.
M: 嗯，在新闻编辑室里，我和记者以及新闻编辑坐在一起，就好像是在报社的新闻编辑室里一样。
W: Sorry, what do you mean by news subs?
W: 抱歉，你说的“新闻编辑”是什么意思？
M: They are sub-editors. They are the people who write the news stories as they come in. The stories are then passed to the senior duty editor and the assistant editor. As stories go through the chain of people, they are refined, corrected and sorted out until they come finally to me and I have a chance to read through most stories before I go on the air. Of course, sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chance. So I've just got to do my best, and take a couple of seconds to look through the first few lines before I launch into something. Because it's such a pity if you start off in a bright tone on a story and suddenly realize you are talking about some people having been killed in a road crash. It's very important to just have a quick flip through.
M: 他们是副编辑，也就是新闻稿一来就负责撰写新闻报道的人。然后，这些报道会被交给值班高级编辑和助理编辑。报道经过这一层层人员的处理后，会不断得到润色、纠正和整理，最后传到我这里。在我开始播音之前，大多数报道我都有机会通读一遍。当然，有时候最后一刻会发生一些事情，我就没有这个机会了。所以我只能尽力而为，在开始播报之前花几秒钟浏览一下开头的几行。因为如果你用明快的语气开始播报一则新闻，突然却意识到自己说的是有人在交通事故中丧生，那就太遗憾了。快速浏览一下是非常重要的。
W: There's nothing to mark what sort of event it is on your piece of paper?
W: 你的稿纸上没有任何标记来说明这是什么性质的事件吗？
M: No, I have my own little mark. If it's something sad, I put a small cross at the top. That's my little clue. So while I'm working on the news, I'm just absorbing the news and checking pronunciations.
M: 没有，不过我有自己的一套小标记。如果是令人悲伤的事情，我就会在顶部画一个小十字。这就是我的小提示。所以在处理新闻时，我一边了解新闻内容，一边核对发音。
What does the woman want to know about the man?
这位女士想了解这位男士的什么情况?
- A) 他是如何成为一名播音员的。
- B) 他是如何撰写新闻报道的。
- C) 他是如何谋生的。
- D) 他是如何完成工作的。
W: I wonder if you could tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer. What do you actually do and how do you prepare for your job?
女：不知道您能否给我讲讲您作为电台播音员这份工作？您实际上做些什么、又是怎么为这份工作做准备的？
开场提问句即主线。答案信号是『女士的开场提问』。她一上来就说 tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer，并追问 What do you actually do——这正是访谈的总问题，定位锚就是开头女士抛出的那一问。
- What do you actually doHow he does his job.do what→does his job 同义概括
- A)原词陷阱A 说 How he became an announcer.（他如何成为播音员）。录音里确实出现 radio announcer 这个词，听到 announcer 容易顺手选 A；但女士问的是『你做什么、怎么准备』，从没问他『怎么入行』。这是典型原词陷阱：盗用 announcer 一词，却把『做这份工作』偷换成『成为播音员』。
借用原文：radio announcer
- B)答非所问B 说 How he writes news stories.（他如何写新闻稿）。news stories 在后文反复出现，容易误当本题答案；但『写稿』是后面 news subs 那一题（第6题）的内容，并非女士开场想了解的总主题。本题问的是整体工作，B 是把细节误当主旨。
借用原文：write the news stories
- C)未提及C 说 How he makes his living.（他如何谋生）。整段对话只谈工作内容与流程，从没涉及收入、谋生话题。makes his living 与 How he does his job. 字面相近（都含『工作』味）易被误选，实则属无中生有。
What does the man say news subs do?
这位男士说新闻编辑做什么工作?
- A) 他们撰写新闻报道的初稿。
- B) 他们在现场采集新闻。
- C) 他们润色收到的新闻稿件。
- D) 他们撰写重大新闻的评论。
M: They are sub-editors. They are the people who write the news stories as they come in.
男：他们是助理编辑。他们是新闻一进来就负责把它写成稿的人。
被问者对名词的直接定义句。答案信号是『被问者对该角色的直接定义应答』。女士追问 news subs 是什么，男士直接答 They are the people who write the news stories as they come in——这是对所问对象的下定义句，正是承载答案的那一句。
- write the news stories as they come inThey write the first version of news stories.as they come in→the first version 同义
- B)原词陷阱B 说 They gather news stories on the spot.（现场采集新闻）。录音确有 news stories，听到就想选；但男士说他们是 write the news stories as they come in——是『写』不是『采集现场』，news subs 坐在编辑室里，并不外出跑现场。盗用 news stories 一词，却把『写稿』偷换成『现场采集』。
借用原文：write the news stories as they come in
- C)张冠李戴C 说 They polish incoming news stories.（润色进来的新闻稿）。录音后文确有 they are refined, corrected and sorted out（被润色、订正、整理），听到 refined 易联想 polish 选 C；但那是稿子往下传给 senior duty editor、assistant editor 之后才发生的，不是 news subs 干的。这是张冠李戴：把后续编辑的活儿安到 news subs 身上。
借用原文：they are refined, corrected and sorted out
- D)未提及D 说 They write comments on major news stories.（就重大新闻写评论）。录音只说 news subs『写稿』，全程没提『写评论』。借 write 与 news stories 的原词凑出一个似是而非的职责，属无中生有。
借用原文：write the news stories
What does the man say is a big challenge for him?
这位男士说对他来说最大的挑战是什么?
- A) 在规定时间内通读新闻稿件。
- B) 播出前几乎没有时间阅读新闻。
- C) 不时地改变声音的语调。
- D) 将所有的词语和短语都准确发音。
Of course, sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chance. So I've just got to do my best, and take a couple of seconds to look through the first few lines before I launch into something.
当然，有时事情在最后一刻才发生，我就没机会（事先通读）了。所以我只能尽力而为，在开口播之前抢出几秒钟扫一眼开头几行。
转折 of course/sometimes 引出难处。答案信号是转折让步语气。男士先说一般能 read through most stories before I go on the air（上节目前能通读多数稿），随即用 Of course, sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chance 转出难处——『有时来不及在上节目前读稿』，这正是承载挑战的那句。
- sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chanceHaving little time to read the news before going on the air.don't have a chance→little time 同义
- before I go on the airbefore going on the airgo on the air=going on the air 同指
- A)原词陷阱A 说 Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.（在规定时间内读完新闻稿）。录音有 read through most stories 字样，听到 read through 易选 A；但录音说的是『有时没机会读』，并非『限定时段内读完』，in a given period of time 是凭空加的。盗用 read through，却篡改成另一种难处。
借用原文：read through most stories
- C)原词陷阱C 说 Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.（不得不时常变换语气）。录音确有 if you start off in a bright tone 提到 tone，听到就想选；但那是说万一一开口语气欢快却发现在播车祸死人的尴尬，并非把『变换语气』当成挑战。盗用 tone 一词，编出原文没有的难处。
借用原文：if you start off in a bright tone
- D)原词陷阱D 说 Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.（让所有词句发音正确）。录音末尾确有 checking pronunciations，听到 pronunciations 易选 D；但男士只是顺带说工作时『核对发音』，从未把它说成 big challenge。盗用 pronunciations，过度拔高成挑战。
借用原文：checking pronunciations
What role does the man say his small cross plays?
这位男士说他的小十字架起什么作用?
- A) 它标示广告插入的位置。
- B) 它给他发出放慢速度的信号。
- C) 它提醒他注意重要内容。
- D) 它作为悲伤新闻的提示标记。
No, I have my own little mark. If it's something sad, I put a small cross at the top. That's my little clue.
没有，我有我自己的小记号。如果是悲伤的内容，我就在顶端画一个小叉。那就是我的小提示。
条件句 If it's something sad 点明用途。答案信号是条件句给出的使用场景。男士说 If it's something sad, I put a small cross at the top——这个小叉是专为『悲伤内容』而画，用途锁定在 sad 上，正是答案句。
- If it's something sad, I put a small crossIt serves as a reminder of sad news.为 sad 而画→sad news 的提醒
- That's my little cluereminderclue→reminder 同义
- A)未提及A 说 It shows where advertisements come in.（标示广告插入处）。整段从没提广告，这是凭空想象电台与广告的关联，属无中生有，与小叉的真实用途无关。
- B)偷换概念B 说 It gives a signal for him to slow down.（提示他放慢）。录音说小叉是 my little clue（提示）没错，但提示的是『这是悲伤内容』，绝非『放慢语速』。借 clue 的『提示』之意，偷换成另一种用途。
借用原文：That's my little clue
- C)偷换概念C 说 It alerts him to something important.（提醒他注意要事）。这是本题最像答案的陷阱：录音说小叉提醒 something sad（悲伤的事），C 偷偷把范围放宽成 something important（重要的事）。悲伤的不一定要标成『重要』，男士说得很死——只标 sad，C 范围偷改，排除。
借用原文：If it's something sad
If sheer numbers provide any proof, America's universities are the envy of the world. For all their troubles, the United States' 3,500 institutions were flooded with more than half a million students from 193 countries last year. Asia led the way, with the biggest number from China followed by Japan and India. Most European and Asian universities provide an elite service to a small number of people. While fully 60% of all US high school graduates attend college at some point in their life, just 30% of the comparable German population, 28% of the French, 20% of the British, and 37% of the Japanese proceed beyond high school. Britains who pass their A-Levels may still not qualify for a top university at home, but find American universities far more welcoming. Some US schools acknowledge the rigor of European secondary training, and will give up to a year's credit to foreigners who have passed their high school exams. The conception that everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential is a highly democratic and compassionate standard, says Marvin Bresler, a professor at Princeton University. True, not all US students can match the performance of their foreign counterparts, but American institutions do offer students from rich and poor families alike the chance to realize their full potential. "America educates so many more people at university that one can't expect all those who go to be as intelligent as the much narrower band in British universities," says Prof. Christopher Ricks at Boston University. "I'm not against elitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn."
如果单凭数量就能说明问题，那么美国的大学无疑令全世界羡慕。尽管面临种种困难，美国的3500所高校去年仍接收了来自193个国家的50多万名学生。亚洲学生人数最多，其中来自中国的学生最多，其次是日本和印度。大多数欧洲和亚洲的大学只为少数人提供精英教育。美国高中毕业生中，整整有60%的人一生中的某个阶段会进入大学；相比之下，德国相应人口中只有30%、法国只有28%、英国只有20%、日本只有37%的人会继续接受高中以上教育。通过A-Level考试的英国人，即使仍未必有资格进入本国顶尖大学，却会发现美国大学对他们友好得多。一些美国学校承认欧洲中学教育的严格程度，会为通过高中考试的外国学生抵免最多一年的学分。普林斯顿大学教授马文·布雷斯勒说，认为每个人都有权接受与其潜力相适应的教育，这种理念是一项高度民主且富有同情心的标准。诚然，并非所有美国学生都能达到外国同龄人的表现水平，但美国高校确实为来自富裕和贫困家庭的学生提供了同样实现自身全部潜力的机会。波士顿大学的克里斯托弗·里克斯教授说：“美国在大学里教育的人多得多，因此不能指望所有入学者都像英国大学中那一小部分人那样聪明。我并不反对精英主义，但我恰好喜欢有更多求知热情的人。”
What does the speaker say about America's universities?
说话者对美国大学有何评价?
- A) 它们为学生提供种类繁多的课程。
- B) 它们吸引来自世界各地的学生。
- C) 它们招收的学生超过了其承受能力。
- D) 它们在应对海外学生方面存在困难。
For all their troubles, the United States' 3,500 institutions were flooded with more than half a million students from 193 countries last year.
尽管问题重重,去年美国这 3500 所院校仍涌入了来自 193 个国家的逾五十万名学生。
开篇主题句+量化佐证。这句紧接首句“美国大学是世界艳羡的对象”之后,用 more than half a million students from 193 countries 这组数字坐实“吸引全球学生”,是说话人对美国大学下的核心论断,故为答案句。
- flooded with more than half a million students from 193 countriesattract students from all over the world“193 个国家涌入”=“吸引全世界学生”
- A)未提及They offer students a wide variety of courses. 说美国大学课程门类多,但录音通篇讲的是生源数量与教育理念,从没说过课程多寡,属无中生有。
- C)原词陷阱They admit more students than they can handle. 借录音里“学生多”(more than half a million students)的印象,扭成“招的学生超出处理能力”这一负面意思;录音夸的是“吸引力强”,从没说“应付不了”,听到“学生多”就选它正中陷阱。
借用原文：more than half a million students from 193 countries
- D)与原文相反They have trouble dealing with overseas students. 借录音里反复出现的“外国学生”(students from 193 countries、foreigners who have passed their high school exams)做诱饵,却说成“应付外国学生有困难”;录音说的是美国大学对外国学生 far more welcoming(更欢迎),态度恰好相反。
借用原文：find American universities far more welcoming
What is Americans' view on education according to Prof. Marvin Bresler?
根据Marvin Bresler教授所说,美国人对教育的看法是什么?
- A) 每个人迟早都会从教育中受益。
- B) 良好的教育有助于国家的繁荣。
- C) 良好的教育是一个人攀登社会阶梯的必要条件。
- D) 每个人都有权接受与其潜力相适应的教育。
The conception that everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential is a highly democratic and compassionate standard, says Marvin Bresler, a professor at Princeton University.
普林斯顿大学教授马文·布雷斯勒说,“人人都有权接受与其潜能相称的教育”这一理念,是一条极具民主与同情心的准则。
人名 says 引述标志句。句尾的 says Marvin Bresler 是明确的引述信号,把前面那句教育理念归到 Bresler 名下;题干问的就是他的 view,这句正是答案句。
- everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potentialEveryone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.理念句几乎原句对应
- A)偷换概念Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later. 借了 everyone 这个词显得像 D,但录音 Bresler 说的是“人人有权受按潜能的教育”,讲的是“权利”不是“迟早受益”,sooner or later 录音从未提及。
借用原文：everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential
- B)未提及A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation. 把教育和“国家繁荣”挂钩,这是听起来很对的大道理,但录音 Bresler 谈的是个人按潜能受教育的权利,完全没扯到国家繁荣,属无中生有。
- C)未提及A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder. 讲教育是个人晋升的必需品,听着也合理,但 Bresler 强调的是“按潜能受教育的权利”,从没提“社会阶梯”或“向上爬”,属无中生有。
What do we learn from Prof. Christopher Ricks' remark?
我们从Christopher Ricks教授的评论中了解到什么?
- A) 他喜欢有高度积极性的学生。
- B) 他喜欢教聪明的学生。
- C) 他根据学生的需求调整自己的教学。
- D) 他以公平的方式对待所有学生。
"I'm not against elitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn," says Prof. Christopher Ricks at Boston University.
波士顿大学的克里斯托弗·里克斯教授说:“我并不反对精英教育,只是我恰好喜欢那些更渴望学习的人。”
转折 but 后的第一人称表态。这句的真意在转折词 but 之后:I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn 是 Ricks 用“I like”直接亮出的偏好,转折后+第一人称两个信号叠加,锁定这就是答案句。
- people who are more eager to learnstudents with high motivation“更渴望学习”=“高学习动机”
- B)原词陷阱He enjoys teaching intelligent students. 借录音里真念到的 as intelligent as the much narrower band 这个 intelligent 做诱饵,但 Ricks 是拿“聪明”作对照,转折后明说自己偏爱的是“爱学”而非“聪明”,听到 intelligent 就选它正中陷阱。
借用原文：as intelligent as the much narrower band in British universities
- C)未提及He tailors his teaching to students' needs. 讲 Ricks 按学生需求调整教学,这是听着很正面的教学法,但 Ricks 只说了自己喜欢哪种学生,从没提怎么“调整教学”,属无中生有。
- D)与原文相反He treats all his students in a fair manner. 说 Ricks 对所有学生一视同仁,但他恰恰明说“更喜欢爱学的人”(I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn),这本身就是有偏好,与“一视同仁”矛盾。
Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day. That's energy in all forms: oil, gas, coal, nuclear, solar and even wind power. Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected, radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes America's wheels go around. If we could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, we could do a lot more work with the energy that is available. With money and careful planning, we can boost efficiency up to a point. Yet improvement won't come easily. It won't come overnight and there are limits beyond which not even science can take us. According to the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work. In terms of efficiency and cleanness, buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior to the private automobile, but only if they operate at near capacity. Otherwise, their overall efficiency is poor. For some people, mass transit may answer all transportation needs. For others, a combination of mass transit and private transportation may be desirable. Better design and wiser use of both mass transit systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping America get more out of energy used for transportation.
每年，美国人每天消耗的能源相当于超过3000万桶石油。这包括各种形式的能源：石油、天然气、煤炭、核能、太阳能，甚至风能。从科学家的角度看，燃料中所含的全部能量，无论是现在还是将来，最终都会转化为热能。其中一部分热能被直接利用，或产生有用的功；其余部分则损失掉或被排放出去，从发动机、电动机、锅炉以及所有其他使美国社会运转的耗能机械中辐射到大气中。如果我们能够设法提高能源利用效率，就能用现有的能源完成更多的工作。通过投入资金和周密规划，我们可以在一定程度上提高效率。然而，效率的提升并不容易，也不会一夜之间实现，而且存在着科学也无法逾越的极限。据战略与国际问题研究中心称，我们用来运送物品（包括运送我们自己）的能源中，约有四分之三没有完成任何有用的工作。就效率和清洁程度而言，公共汽车、火车以及其他形式的公共交通或大运量交通优于私人汽车，但前提是它们的运载率接近满载。否则，它们的总体效率就很低。对有些人来说，公共交通可以满足全部交通需求；对另一些人来说，将公共交通与私人交通结合起来可能更为理想。更好的设计以及对公共交通系统和私人车辆更明智的使用，将在帮助美国从用于交通运输的能源中获取更多效益方面发挥重要作用。
What does the speaker say about energy used in the United States?
说话者关于美国能源使用说了什么?
- A) 大部分从中东进口。
- B) 是其经济活动的可靠指标。
- C) 对国际石油市场有直接影响。
- D) 相当于每天超过3000万桶石油。
Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day.
每年，美国人使用的能源相当于每天三千多万桶石油。
开篇首句直陈数字。录音第一句 Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day. 就以数字直陈美国能源用量，篇章独白常把核心事实放在开篇，听到 30 million barrels 这个数字就该锁定它是答案句。
- energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each dayIt equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.over 与 more than 同义、数字单位照搬
- A)未提及It is mostly imported from the Middle East. 说能源主要从中东进口，但录音通篇只讲用量与效率，从未提进口或中东，是未提及的编造。
- B)过度推断It is a sure indicator of its economic activity. 把能源用量说成经济活动的可靠指标，这是一步推断，录音只客观报了用量，没说它能指示经济，属过度推断。
- C)原词陷阱It has a direct impact on the international oil market. 借 oil 这个录音里确实出现的词，引出对国际油市的直接影响，但录音从未提油市或影响，是听到 oil 就想选的原词诱惑。
借用原文：30 million barrels of oil
What do scientists say about energy contained in fuel?
科学家关于燃料中所含能量说了什么?
- A) 最终转化为热量。
- B) 以多种形式被使用。
- C) 其使用是造成空气污染的主要原因。
- D) 在传输过程中有一部分损失掉了。
Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heat.
从科学家的角度看，燃料中所含的全部能量，无论是现在还是将来，最终都会变成热。
标志短语 from a scientist's standpoint 后接结论。录音的 Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heat. 以 from a scientist's standpoint 点明这正是科学家的观点，紧跟其后的 becomes heat 就是答案落点，听到这个标志短语要立刻竖起耳朵。
- all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heatIt eventually turns into heat.becomes heat 改写为 turns into heat、either now or in future 概括成 eventually
- B)张冠李戴It is used in a variety of forms. 里的 forms 借自录音 That's energy in all forms，但那句讲的是能源以多种形式存在，不是科学家对燃料中能量的结论，张冠李戴到了本题。
借用原文：That's energy in all forms
- C)未提及Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution. 说能量使用是空气污染主因，录音谈的是能量变热与效率，从未提空气污染，是谈能源时易顺手补上的常识联想。
- D)原词陷阱Part of it is lost in the process of transmission. 借了录音后文 The rest is lost or rejected 的 lost，但录音说的是部分热量散失到大气，不是传输过程损失，且这也不是科学家那句的结论，听到 lost 就想选会落坑。
借用原文：The rest is lost or rejected, radiated into the atmosphere
When does mass transit prove superior to private vehicles?
公共交通在什么情况下优于私人车辆?
- A) 在农村地区使用时。
- B) 环保时。
- C) 在接近满载运行时。
- D) 在固定时间运行时。
In terms of efficiency and cleanness, buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior to the private automobile, but only if they operate at near capacity.
就效率和清洁而言，公共汽车、火车等公共或大众交通工具优于私家车，但前提是它们要接近满载运行。
限定词 but only if 后才是条件。录音的 are superior to the private automobile, but only if they operate at near capacity 在 but only if 之后才给出真正的成立条件，转折加限定词后面的小句才是答案落点，前半的笼统说优越是铺垫。
- only if they operate at near capacityWhen it operates at near capacity.only if 转写为 When、operate at near capacity 原义照搬
- A)未提及When it is used in rural areas. 说在乡村使用时更优，录音给的条件是接近满载，从未提乡村，是未提及的编造条件。
- B)原词陷阱When it is environment-friendly. 把录音 In terms of efficiency and cleanness 里的 cleanness 联想成环保，但那是评判优越的角度，不是优越成立的条件，听到清洁就想选会偏。
借用原文：In terms of efficiency and cleanness
- D)偷换概念When it operates at regular times. 与正确项只差末尾，把录音的 near capacity（接近满载）偷换成 regular times（定时运行），录音从未说定时，是仅改关键词的近似干扰。
借用原文：only if they operate at near capacity
What seems to be the speaker's biggest concern?
说话者最关心的问题似乎是什么?
- A) 城市交通拥堵。
- B) 能源使用效率低下。
- C) 燃料短缺。
- D) 全球变暖。
If we could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, we could do a lot more work with the energy that is available. ... about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work.
如果我们能想出办法提高用能的效率，就能用现有的能源做更多的事。……我们用来移动物体（包括我们自己）的能源，约有四分之三没有完成任何有用的功。
efficiency 反复出现、四分之三能源做无用功。录音多处回到效率：improve the efficiency with which we use energy、boost efficiency，并以 about three quarters of the energy we use to move things … accomplishes no useful work 点出大量能源被浪费，这条贯穿全篇的浪费主线就是关切所在。
- about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful workInefficient use of energy.四分之三能源做无用功概括为能源使用低效
- A)未提及Traffic jams in cities. 借录音谈 transportation 的语境联想出堵车，但录音讲交通是为说明能效，从未提堵车，是顺着交通话题想出来的未提及项。
- C)偷换概念Fuel shortage. 借录音里 fuel、lost 等词联想到燃料短缺，但录音担心的是能源用得浪费、效率低，不是没有燃料可用，把低效偷换成短缺。
借用原文：The rest is lost or rejected
- D)未提及Global warming. 是讨论能源时人人会联想的热词，但录音通篇没出现 global warming 或气候字眼，纯属凭印象误选，录音未提及。
Moderator:
主持人：
Hello, ladies and gentlemen. It is my honour to introduce our keynote speaker for today's lecture, Gretchen Rubin. Ms. Rubin received international attention for her 2009 best-selling book, The Happiness Project, in which she re-examines her own happiness and tries to develop mood-boosting habits. Today, Rubin will share with us her mood-boosting experience. Welcome, Ms. Rubin.
女士们、先生们，大家好。今天我很荣幸向大家介绍本次讲座的主题演讲嘉宾格雷琴·鲁宾。鲁宾女士因其2009年出版的畅销书《幸福计划》而受到国际关注。在书中，她重新审视了自己的幸福，并尝试培养能够改善情绪的习惯。今天，鲁宾将与我们分享她改善情绪的经验。欢迎您，鲁宾女士。
Ms. Rubin:
鲁宾女士：
Good afternoon, everyone. Before I elaborate, I'd like to first brief some of my most effective mood-boosting tips. For the most part, they can be accomplished in a minute or less.
大家下午好。在详细讲解之前，我想先简要介绍一些我最有效的改善情绪的小窍门。大多数窍门都能在一分钟或更短时间内完成。
1. MAKE YOUR BED
1. 整理床铺
The thing that's surprising to me is that, for most people, outer order does contribute to inner calm and creativity. One easy way to maintain order and, in turn, boost happiness, is to make the bed, every day.
让我感到意外的是，对大多数人来说，外在的井然有序确实有助于内心的平静与创造力。保持秩序并进而提升幸福感的一个简单方法，就是每天整理床铺。
2. SMELL THE ROSES—OR SOMETHING ELSE NICE
2. 闻闻玫瑰，或其他令人愉悦的东西
I used to laugh at scented candles but now I understand scents are a way to get a quick lift without any time, energy and money.
我以前总是嘲笑香薰蜡烛，但现在我明白，气味是一种无需花费时间、精力和金钱就能迅速改善情绪的方法。
3. FOLLOW THE "ONE-MINUTE RULE"
3. 遵循“一分钟规则”
Overwhelmed by unopened mail, and other tiny tasks? The one-minute rule says that anything I can do in less than a minute, I should do without delay. So I don't postpone hanging up my coat, printing out a document and filing it, glancing over a letter and throwing it away.
未拆的邮件和其他琐碎事务是否让你感到应接不暇？一分钟规则是说，凡是我能在一分钟内完成的事情，都应该立即去做。因此，我不会拖延挂起外套、打印文件并将其归档、浏览一封信后把它扔掉等事情。
4. SET AN ALARM-AND NOT JUST FOR WAKING UP
4. 设置闹钟，不只是为了起床
Since sleep and mood are linked, I think folks who struggle with turning out the light may benefit from a bedtime alarm. For many people, an alarm really helps; they just need that trigger.
既然睡眠与情绪息息相关，我认为那些难以关灯睡觉的人可能会受益于就寝闹钟。对很多人来说，闹钟确实很有帮助；他们只是需要这样一个触发信号。
5. DON'T LIKE A BOOK? STOP READING IT
5. 不喜欢一本书？那就别再读了
I mean, I don't watch a TV show if I don't like it. So why not apply the same logic to books? I used to have this feeling that a "real reader" would finish a book if he started it. Now I just have so much more time to read the books that I like, and I love everything that I read.
我的意思是，如果我不喜欢一档电视节目，我就不会继续看。那么，为什么不对书籍采用同样的逻辑呢？我以前总觉得，一个“真正的读者”如果开始读一本书，就应该把它读完。现在，我有了更多时间去读自己喜欢的书，而且我读什么都喜欢。
6. TAKE ONE THING WITH YOU
6. 随手带走一样东西
This one may be especially helpful for parents: When leaving a room, pick up as you go, one thing at a time, without having to dedicate a lot of time and energy to it.
这一点对父母尤其有帮助：离开一个房间时，顺手收拾一样东西，不必为此投入大量时间和精力。
7. LISTEN TO AN UPBEAT SONG
7. 听一首欢快的歌曲
It's familiar, but it actually does work. It's a very easy way to change your mood.
这虽然是老生常谈，但确实有效。这是改变情绪的一种非常简单的方法。
8. JUMP UP AND DOWN
8. 上下跳跃
I strongly recommend this simple energy-booster, especially when you may only have a few seconds to spare.
我强烈推荐这种简单的提振精力的方法，尤其是在你可能只有几秒钟空闲时间的时候。
9. KISS SOMEONE YOU LOVE
9. 亲吻你所爱的人
Ancient philosophers and contemporary scientists would agree that relationships are a key—maybe the key—to happiness. So anytime you do something that broadens your relationships or deepens your relationship, it's going to make you happier.
古代哲学家和当代科学家都会同意，人际关系是幸福的关键，也许就是幸福的关键。因此，无论何时，只要你做了拓展人际关系或加深彼此关系的事情，就会变得更加幸福。
10. MAKE SOME "BRIGHT-LINE RULES"
10. 制定一些“明确界限规则”
I believe habits have a direct connection with happiness, and I think hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making.
我相信习惯与幸福之间存在直接联系，而且我认为严格的规则可以让人免受做决定的痛苦。
Now, I will explain these tips one by one in detail…
现在，我将逐一详细解释这些窍门……
Which of the following is a mood-boosting habit according to Rubin?
根据Rubin的说法，以下哪项是提升情绪的习惯？
- A) 闻香薰蜡烛。
- B) 设置起床闹钟。
- C) 经常与父母交谈。
- D) 听一首令人沮丧的歌曲。
I used to laugh at scented candles but now I understand scents are a way to get a quick lift without any time, energy and money.
我过去常嘲笑香薰蜡烛，但现在我明白，香味是一种不花任何时间、精力和金钱就能让心情快速提振的方式。
转折 but 之后＋点出功效。这句用 but now I understand 把态度从“嘲笑”扭转为“认可”，转折后才是讲者的真意，而 a way to get a quick lift（快速提振心情）正好对上题干要的 mood-boosting habit，所以这句是答案句。
- scented candlesSmelling scented candles原文物件＝选项动作对象
- a way to get a quick liftSmelling scented candles“快速提振”＝题干要的 mood-boosting
- B)与原文相反原文确实念到了 SET AN ALARM-AND NOT JUST FOR WAKING UP，B 项 Setting an alarm for waking up. 借了 alarm 这个原词，却恰好取了原文明确否定的“为起床而定闹钟”——讲者要的是睡前闹钟，方向被改反。
借用原文：SET AN ALARM-AND NOT JUST FOR WAKING UP
- C)偷换概念C 项 Talking with your parents often. 听着像原文谈“关系让人快乐”那段，但原文 relationships are a key 说的是亲吻所爱、加深各种关系，从未具体提“常和父母聊天”，是把泛泛的“关系”偷换成了具体的“和父母聊天”。
借用原文：relationships are a key
- D)与原文相反原文标题是 LISTEN TO AN UPBEAT SONG（听欢快的歌），D 项 Listening to an upsetting song. 借了“听歌”原词，却把 upbeat（欢快）换成形近又反义的 upsetting（令人沮丧），令人沮丧的歌显然不能提振心情。
借用原文：LISTEN TO AN UPBEAT SONG
What is "ONE-MINUTE RULE" according to the lecturer?
根据讲师的说法，"一分钟规则"是什么？
- A) 在一分钟内处理堆积如山的未拆邮件和琐碎任务。
- B) 毫不拖延地做任何能在一分钟内完成的事情。
- C) 在一分钟内做所有无法在一分钟内完成的事情。
- D) 文件必须在一分钟内打印出来并归档。
The one-minute rule says that anything I can do in less than a minute, I should do without delay.
“一分钟法则”是说：任何我能在一分钟内做完的事，我都应当立刻去做、不拖延。
定义句标志 says that。这句以 The one-minute rule says that 直接给规则下定义，says that 后面的整句就是该术语的官方解释，是不折不扣的答案句。
- anything I can do in less than a minuteanything that can be done in less than one minute范围词 anything 与时限完全保留
- I should do without delaywithout delay“立刻做、不拖延”原义照搬
- A)原词陷阱A 项 Handle the overwhelming unopened mail and tiny tasks within one minute. 盗用了原文 Overwhelmed by unopened mail, and other tiny tasks 这句引入语，却把适用于“任何一分钟内能做之事”的规则缩成只管“未拆信件和琐事”——那只是举例的背景，不是规则本身。
借用原文：Overwhelmed by unopened mail, and other tiny tasks
- C)与原文相反C 项 Do everything that can't be done in a minute within one minute. 借了“一分钟”框架，却把原文的 anything I can do in less than a minute 反成“做不完的也要一分钟内做完”，既反了原义又自相矛盾。
借用原文：anything I can do in less than a minute
- D)原词陷阱原文 printing out a document and filing it 只是“一分钟内能做之事”的众多举例之一，D 项 Documents must be printed out and filed within one minute. 盗用这个例子，用 must 把它说成必须执行的硬规定，以偏概全。
借用原文：printing out a document and filing it
What does "BRIGHT-LINE RULES" refer to?
"明确界线规则"指的是什么？
- A) 严格的习惯。
- B) 积极的态度。
- C) 硬性规则。
- D) 决策方法。
I believe habits have a direct connection with happiness, and I think hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making.
我相信习惯与幸福有直接联系，而我认为硬性规则能让人免去做决定的痛苦。
术语紧跟其后的同位定性词 hard rules。标题 MAKE SOME "BRIGHT-LINE RULES" 之后，讲者用 hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making 来解释它，hard rules 正是给这个术语定性的核心名词，故这句是答案句。
- hard rulesHard rules原文定性词与选项逐字相同
- A)原词陷阱原文确实念到 habits have a direct connection with happiness，A 项 Strict habits. 借了 habits 这个原词，但讲者说的是习惯与幸福有关，并未把 BRIGHT-LINE RULES 定性为“严格的习惯”，且 strict 也是原文没有的。
借用原文：habits have a direct connection with happiness
- B)未提及B 项 Positive attitude. 在讲 BRIGHT-LINE RULES 的段落里没有任何依据，讲者谈的是习惯、硬规则与决策，从未把它说成一种“积极态度”，属凭空添加。
- D)答非所问原文 hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making 说硬规则能省去做决定的痛苦，D 项 Decision-making methods. 盗用 decision-making 一词，却把术语错当成“决策方法”——而原文里决策恰是被规则“省去”的对象，不是规则的所指。
借用原文：hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making
I would like to talk about interesting words that have something to do with money today.
今天我想谈谈一些与金钱有关的有趣词语。
Almost every language in the world has a saying that a person can never be too rich. Americans, like people in other countries, always want more money. One way they express this is by protesting that their jobs do not pay enough. A common expression is, "I am working for chickenfeed." It means working for very little money. The expression probably began because seeds fed to chickens made people think of small change. Small change means metal coins of not much value, like nickels which are worth five cents.
世界上几乎每一种语言都有这样一句谚语：一个人永远不会嫌钱多。美国人和其他国家的人一样，总是想要更多的钱。他们表达这种想法的一种方式，就是抱怨自己的工作报酬不够高。一个常见的说法是：“我是在挣鸡饲料钱。”意思是，工作所得的钱非常少。这个说法的由来可能是因为喂给鸡的种子让人联想到零钱。零钱指的是价值不高的金属硬币，比如面值五美分的镍币。
An early use of the word chickenfeed appeared in an American publication in 1930. It told about a rich man and his son. Word expert Mitford Mathews says it read, "I'll bet neither the kid nor his father ever saw a nickel or a dime. They would not have been interested in such chickenfeed."
“Chickenfeed”一词最早的用例之一出现在1930年的一份美国出版物中。文章讲述了一位富人和他的儿子。词语专家Mitford Mathews说，原文是：“我敢打赌，那孩子和他的父亲谁都没见过五美分硬币或一角硬币。他们不会对这种鸡饲料钱感兴趣。”
Chickenfeed also has another interesting meaning known to history experts and World War I spies and soldiers. Spy expert Henry S. A. Becket writes that some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British. The British government had to make the Germans believe their spies were working. So, British officials gave them mostly false information. It was called chickenfeed.
“Chickenfeed”对历史专家以及第一次世界大战期间的间谍和士兵来说，还有另一个有趣的含义。间谍专家Henry S. A. Becket写道，战争期间，一些在伦敦工作的德国间谍也为英国人效力。英国政府必须让德国人相信他们的间谍正在开展工作。因此，英国官员给他们的大多是假情报。这些假情报就被称为“chickenfeed”。
The same person who protests that he is working for chickenfeed may also say, "I am working for peanuts." She means she is working for a small amount of money. It is a very different meaning from the main one in the dictionary. That meaning is small nuts that grow on a plant. No one knows for sure how a word for something to eat also came to mean something very small. But, a peanut is a very small food.
同一个抱怨自己挣的是鸡饲料钱的人也可能会说：“我是在挣花生钱。”她的意思是，她工作所得的钱很少。这与词典中的主要含义大不相同。词典中的含义是指生长在植物上的小坚果。没有人确切知道，一个表示食物的词是如何又有了表示某种东西很小的含义。不过，花生确实是一种很小的食物。
The expression is an old one. Word expert Mitford Mathews says that as early as 1854, an American publication used the words "peanut agitators". That meant political troublemakers who did not have a lot of support.
这个说法由来已久。词语专家Mitford Mathews说，早在1854年，一份美国出版物就使用了“peanut agitators”这个说法。它指的是没有多少支持者的政治煽动者。
Another reason for the saying about working for peanuts may be linked to elephants. Think of how elephants are paid for their work in the circus. They receive food, not money. One of the foods they like best is peanuts.
“挣花生钱”这一说法的另一个由来可能与大象有关。想想马戏团里的大象是如何因工作获得报酬的。它们得到的是食物，而不是钱。它们最喜欢的食物之一就是花生。
When you add the word "gallery" to the word "peanut" you have the name of an area in an American theatre. A gallery is a high seating area or balcony above the main floor. The "peanut gallery" got its name because it is the part of the theatre most distant from where the show takes place. So, peanut gallery tickets usually cost less than other tickets. People pay a small amount of money for them.
当你把“gallery”这个词加在“peanut”后面时，就得到了美国剧院中一个区域的名称。Gallery指的是主楼层上方较高的座位区或楼座。“Peanut gallery”之所以得名，是因为它位于剧院中距离演出地点最远的地方。因此，花生楼座的票价通常比其他座位的票价低。人们只需花很少的钱就能买到这些票。
What does "a person can never be too rich" mean according to the talk?
根据这段话，"一个人永远不会太富有"是什么意思?
- A) 一个人要变得非常富有需要付出巨大的努力。
- B) 并非每个人都想变得太富有。
- C) 一个人永远不会对自己的财富感到满足。
- D) 一个人永远不会有富有的感觉。
Almost every language in the world has a saying that a person can never be too rich. Americans, like people in other countries, always want more money.
世界上几乎每种语言都有一句话：一个人永远不会嫌自己太富。美国人和其他国家的人一样，总是想要更多的钱。
紧随其后的解释句。判定信号是"说法 + 紧接着的解释"结构：录音先抛出 a person can never be too rich，下一句立刻用 always want more money 解释它的真实含义，这句解释就是答案落点。
- always want more moneynever be satisfied with his wealth肯否定转换的同义改写
- A)未提及It takes great pains for a person to be very rich 说"变富要费很大力气"，录音通篇讲的是"人总嫌钱不够"，从未谈"致富艰辛"，属未提及。
- B)与原文相反Not Everyone wants to be too rich 说"不是人人都想太富"，恰与录音 always want more money 及"几乎每种语言都有这句话"的普遍性相反，方向反了。
借用原文：always want more money
- D)偷换概念A person will never have the feeling of being wealthy 把"客观上总想要更多钱"偷换成"主观上从无富有的感觉"，录音说的是欲望（想要更多），不是说人永远感觉不到自己富，概念被掉包。
借用原文：always want more money
What's a person's purpose of saying "I am working for chickenfeed"?
一个人说"我在为微薄的报酬工作"的目的是什么?
- A) 引入一个话题。
- B) 讲一个笑话。
- C) 进行抱怨。
- D) 做出决定。
One way they express this is by protesting that their jobs do not pay enough. A common expression is, "I am working for chickenfeed."
他们表达这一点的一种方式，就是不满地抱怨自己的工作报酬不够。一个常见的说法是："我在为鸡饲料般的钱工作。"
动词 protesting 点明语气。答案信号是动词 protesting（不满地抱怨）：录音明说人们"by protesting that their jobs do not pay enough"——是在抱怨工资低，这正是说 chickenfeed 这句话的目的。
- protesting that their jobs do not pay enoughMaking a complaintprotest 与 complaint 同义
- A)答非所问Introducing a topic 看似贴切（录音开头确在引入话题），但本题问的是说"I am working for chickenfeed"这一句的目的，这句的目的是抱怨工资低，不是引入话题；混淆了"整段开场"与"这一句"的目的。
- B)未提及Telling a joke 录音里没有任何"开玩笑"的语气标记，说这句话时是 protesting（抱怨），并非玩笑，属未提及。
- D)未提及Making a decision 录音中说话人只是抱怨工资低，并未做出任何决定（如辞职、换工作），原文无对应，属未提及。
What can we learn about the German spies in World War l, according to the talk?
根据这段话,关于第一次世界大战中的德国间谍我们能了解到什么?
- A) 他们得到了德国政府的丰厚报酬。
- B) 战争期间他们大多聚集在伦敦。
- C) 他们没有为德国提供任何有价值的情报。
- D) 他们既为自己的国家工作,也为敌人工作。
Spy expert Henry S. A. Becket writes that some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British. The British government had to make the Germans believe their spies were working. So, British officials gave them mostly false information. It was called chickenfeed.
间谍专家亨利·S·A·贝克特写道，战争期间一些在伦敦活动的德国间谍同时也为英国人工作。英国政府必须让德国人相信他们的间谍仍在效力，于是英国官员主要给他们提供假情报，这种假情报就被称作"鸡饲料"。
also worked for 揭双重身份。答案信号是 also worked for the British 里的 also（还/同时）：德国间谍"在为德国之外，还为英国工作"，一句点出"双重效力"这一关键事实，正是本题答案落点。
- some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the BritishThey worked for both their own country and their enemies具体国名概括为"本国与敌国"
- A)原词陷阱well paid by the German government 盗用了录音中反复出现的 pay 和 government 等钱/政府词，但录音说的是 British government 给假情报，从未提德国政府给间谍"高薪"，听到 pay/government 就选会中招。
借用原文：British officials gave them mostly false information
- B)原词陷阱gathered mostly in London during the war 盗用了原文 working in London during the war 的 London 与 during the war，但录音只说间谍在伦敦"活动/工作"，没说他们"大多聚集在伦敦"，把"在伦敦工作"偷换成"大多聚集于伦敦"。
借用原文：some German spies working in London during the war
- C)张冠李戴didn't provide any valuable information for Germany 把"英国给德国间谍假情报"这件事，安成"间谍没给德国有价值情报"。原文是 British officials gave them mostly false information（英方给假料），主语和动作都被搬错；且"any"绝对化，原文未作此断言。
借用原文：British officials gave them mostly false information
What is the talk mainly about?
这段话主要讲的是什么?
- A) 美国一些常见的鸡饲料。
- B) 美国人的生活和工作条件。
- C) 第二次世界大战中的德国和英国间谍。
- D) 一些与金钱有关的表达。
I would like to talk about interesting words that have something to do with money today.
今天我想谈谈一些和钱有关的有趣词语。
开篇点题句。答案信号是开篇的点题句 interesting words that have something to do with money：篇章独白常在第一段直接亮主题，此句已把全文圈定为"与钱有关的词语"，后文 chickenfeed、peanuts、peanut gallery 都是它的例子。
- interesting words that have something to do with moneySome expressions related to moneywords about money 概括为 expressions related to money
- A)原词陷阱Some common chicken food in America 盗用 chickenfeed 这一原词，但鸡饲料只是用来解释 chickenfeed 这个习语来历的细节，仅覆盖第 2 段一处，撑不起全文主旨。
借用原文：I am working for chickenfeed
- B)过度推断The living and working conditions of Americans 借了录音里 Americans、jobs 等词，但全文是借这些讲钱的习语，并非系统介绍美国人的生活与工作状况，覆盖面被无限放大。
借用原文：Americans, like people in other countries, always want more money
- C)原词陷阱The German and British spies in World War Two 盗用第 4 段 German spies、British 等原词，但间谍故事只是 chickenfeed 一词的另一来历，仅占一段，且原文是 World War I 而非选项写的 World War Two，既偏又错。
借用原文：some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British
The family is changing in the US as in many other countries in the world. About fifty years ago in the traditional families the father was boss. Now in a modern family both the father and the mother are equal partners.
美国家庭正在发生变化，世界上许多其他国家的家庭也同样如此。大约五十年前，在传统家庭中，父亲是一家之主。如今，在现代家庭中，父亲和母亲都是平等的伴侣。
There are some great differences between the traditional family and the modern family. The first important difference is in the man's role. The traditional husband was the head of the household, because he was the only one who worked outside the home. If the wife worked for pay, then the husband was not considered to be a good provider. In many families today, both husband and wife work for pay. Therefore, they share the role of head of household. In addition, the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. However, the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife. Also, the traditional husband did not help his wife with the housework or meal preparation. Dinner was ready when he came home. In contrast, the modern husband helps his working wife at home. He may do some of the household jobs, and it is not unusual for him to cook.
传统家庭和现代家庭之间存在一些显著差异。第一个重要差异体现在男性的角色上。传统家庭中的丈夫是一家之主，因为只有他在外工作。如果妻子从事有偿工作，那么丈夫就不会被认为是一个称职的养家者。如今，在许多家庭中，丈夫和妻子都从事有偿工作。因此，他们共同承担一家之主的角色。此外，传统家庭中的丈夫通常会对花钱方面的重大决定作出决定。然而，现代家庭中的丈夫会与参加工作的妻子共同作出这些决定。同样，传统家庭中的丈夫不会帮助妻子做家务或准备饭菜。他回家时，晚饭已经准备好了。相比之下，现代家庭中的丈夫会在家里帮助参加工作的妻子。他可能会做一些家务，让他做饭也并不罕见。
The second difference is in the woman's role. In the traditional family, the woman may have worked for pay during her first years of marriage. However, after she became pregnant, she would usually give up her job. Her primary role was to take care of her family. In contrast, in many families today, the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children. She's doing two jobs instead of one, so she is busier than the traditional mother was. The traditional wife learned to live within her husband's income. However, the modern wife does not have to live within her husband's income because the family has two incomes.
第二个差异体现在女性的角色上。在传统家庭中，女性可能在结婚后的最初几年从事有偿工作。然而，怀孕后，她通常会放弃工作。她的主要职责是照顾家庭。相比之下，如今在许多家庭中，现代女性即使有了孩子，仍然会在外工作。她做着两份工作，而不是一份，因此比传统家庭中的母亲更加忙碌。传统家庭中的妻子学会了靠丈夫的收入生活。然而，现代家庭中的妻子不必只靠丈夫的收入生活，因为家庭有两份收入。
The final difference is in the role of the children. In the traditional family, the children were taken care of by the mother because she did not work outside the home. However, today preschool children may go to a child care centre or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works. The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent. Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast. In contrast, modern children are more independent. They have to get up early in the morning and get ready for school. Their mother is busy getting ready for work, so they may even have to make their own breakfast.
最后一个差异体现在孩子的角色上。在传统家庭中，孩子由母亲照顾，因为她不在外工作。然而，如今，学龄前儿童可能会定期去托儿中心或由临时保姆照看，因为母亲要工作。传统家庭中的学龄儿童更加依赖他人。他们的母亲会帮助他们准备上学，并为他们准备早餐。相比之下，现代儿童更加独立。他们必须早晨早起，为上学做好准备。他们的母亲正忙着准备上班，所以他们甚至可能还得自己做早餐。
In conclusion, the American family today is quite different from the family of fifty years ago. In the modern family, the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home. The next century may bring more important changes to the American family structure.
总之，如今的美国家庭与五十年前的家庭大不相同。随着越来越多的女性在外工作，现代家庭中父亲、母亲和孩子的角色都发生了变化。下个世纪可能会给美国家庭结构带来更多重要变化。
Which of the following is the feature of a modern family?
以下哪项是现代家庭的特征?
- A) 丈夫是一家之主。
- B) 丈夫通常做重大决定。
- C) 妻子在丈夫的收入范围内生活。
- D) 妻子工作并承担两种工作。
In contrast, in many families today, the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children. She's doing two jobs instead of one, so she is busier than the traditional mother was.
与之相反，在今天的许多家庭里，现代女性即便有了孩子也仍在外工作。她做的是两份活而不是一份，所以比传统的母亲更忙。
对比信号 In contrast + today。In contrast, in many families today, the modern woman works outside the home 里 In contrast（与之相反）和 today、modern 一起出现，是"现在和过去对着说"的对比信号，紧跟其后的就是现代家庭的特征句，正是本题落点。
- the modern woman works outside the homeThe wife works同义替换 woman=wife
- She's doing two jobs instead of onedoes two kinds of jobstwo jobs = two kinds of jobs
- A)与原文相反The husband is the head of the household. 盗用了原文 The traditional husband was the head of the household 的原词 head of the household，但那是"传统"丈夫的特征，本题问"现代"家庭，时代标签反了。
借用原文：The traditional husband was the head of the household
- B)与原文相反The husband usually makes big decisions. 借用了原文 the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money，但原文说这是传统丈夫的做法，现代丈夫是 shares these decisions with his working wife，与"现代家庭"对不上。
借用原文：the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money
- C)与原文相反The wife lives within her husband's income. 几乎照搬原文 The traditional wife learned to live within her husband's income，但那是传统妻子；现代妻子是 does not have to live within her husband's income，意思正好相反。
借用原文：The traditional wife learned to live within her husband's income
Why were the school-age children of a traditional family more dependent?
为什么传统家庭中学龄儿童的依赖性更强?
- A) 他们的母亲会帮助他们准备上学并做早餐。
- B) 他们必须帮助父母照顾年幼的弟弟妹妹。
- C) 他们的母亲必须一大早起床开车送他们上学。
- D) 他们被父母宠坏了,不想去上学。
The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent. Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.
传统家庭的学龄孩子更加依赖。他们的母亲在一旁帮他们准备上学、给他们做早餐。
more dependent 后紧跟的解释句。The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent. 这句点出"更依赖"，紧接着的 Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast 就是对"为什么依赖"的解释，是答案句。
- Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfastTheir mother would help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.近乎原句重述
- B)未提及They had to help their mother and father to take care of their younger sisters and brothers. 说孩子帮忙照看弟弟妹妹，但原文从未提到"younger sisters and brothers"，是凭"传统大家庭"的常识臆造出来的。
- C)张冠李戴Their mother had to get up early in the morning to drive them to school. 里 get up early in the morning、school 都是原文念过的词，但 get up early in the morning 说的是"现代孩子"，且原文是孩子"自己"早起、并没有 drive them to school（开车送）这件事。
借用原文：They have to get up early in the morning and get ready for school
- D)过度推断They were spoiled by their parents and didn't want to go to school. 说孩子被宠坏、不想上学，原文谈的是"依赖（dependent）"而非"被宠坏"，也没说不想上学，是把"依赖"过度引申成了"娇惯"。
Why is the American family today so different from that of fifty years ago?
为什么今天的美国家庭与五十年前的家庭如此不同?
- A) 父亲、母亲和孩子的角色发生了变化。
- B) 越来越多的女性在外工作。
- C) 美国家庭的结构发生了变化。
- D) 日益加快的生活节奏使人们承受更大的压力。
In the modern family, the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home.
在现代家庭中，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，父亲、母亲和孩子的角色都已发生变化。
因果连词 as 引出原因。the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home 里 as（随着/因为）连接前后：前半是"角色变了"这个现象，as 后面的 more and more women work outside the home 才是"为什么变"的原因，正是 Why 题落点。
- more and more women work outside the homeAn increasing number of women work outside the home.more and more = an increasing number of
- A)答非所问The roles of the father, mother, and children have changed. 几乎照抄原文 the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed，但这是 as 前面的"现象"——家庭哪里不同；题问的是"为何不同"，答的是原因，A 答非所问。
借用原文：the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed
- C)答非所问Changes have taken place in the structure of an American family. 呼应原文 the American family today is quite different 与结尾的 family structure，但它只是"家庭结构发生了变化"这个概括现象，同样没回答 Why。
借用原文：The next century may bring more important changes to the American family structure
- D)未提及The increasingly rapid pace of life makes people under greater pressure. 说"生活节奏加快带来压力"，听上去像个原因，但原文通篇没提 pace of life 或 pressure，是凭常识自造的动因。
44 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- But the songs can still get through to me.
简单句加情态动词结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，短语动词 "get through" 的用法也具有一定代表性，但整体句式过于简单，缺乏从句或复杂修饰成分，作为典型真题句式的代表性一般。
- On the other hand, I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects.
非常典型的日常表达句式。情态动词否定句、省略关系代词的定语从句、并列句都是四六级和考研常见结构。这种 "主句 and 主句" 的并列模式以及 "名词 + 省略关系代词的定语从句" 的搭配在真题中频繁出现，掌握后可直接迁移到大量类似句子。
- I'm the kind of person that if my personal life is hurting, I can go to work and the music will take over.
本句展现了"主句 + 定语从句（内含条件从句 + 并列主句）"的多层嵌套结构，这种"中心名词 + that定语从句"以及"if条件句 + 主句"的组合，在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见。句式具有很强的代表性，掌握后可大量复用于理解类似复杂句。
- Make him feel young.
使役动词 make 加宾语加不带 to 的不定式补足语,是四六级和考研高频考查的句式。祈使句在口语和应用文写作中常见。该结构具有高度代表性,掌握后可广泛迁移至其他使役动词（let、have）及感官动词结构。
- He is good at singing operas.
"be good at doing something" 是英语学习中极为常见、复用率很高的口语和写作句式，掌握后可以直接套用到大量类似表达中，代表性较强。
- He can't do such a complicated piece of music as the opera.
"such...as" 比较结构是考试中常见的句式，情态动词表达能力也是高频考点。句子结构简洁清晰，具有较强的代表性，学习后可在类似比较句型中迁移应用。
- W: I wonder if you could tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer.
"wonder if" 引导宾语从句是英语中非常典型的句式,在口语和书面语中都高频出现。从句中使用情态动词表达委婉请求也是常见用法。这种结构在各类英语考试中经常出现,学习后迁移性强。
- M: Well, in the news room I'm sitting with the reporters and the news subs, as though I'm sitting in a newspaper news room.
主句加方式状语从句的结构在日常表达中较常见，as though 引导的比喻从句也是典型用法，但整体句式相对简单，不属于考试中高频出现的复杂长句结构，代表性中等。
- As stories go through the chain of people, they are refined, corrected and sorted out until they come finally to me and I have a chance to read through most stories before I go on the air.
本句的结构非常典型:主句 + 多个状语从句(时间状语从句)+ 嵌套从句 + 并列结构,是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式。状语从句的嵌套、并列分句的使用、被动语态的主句,都是考试中常见的结构模式,掌握后可广泛迁移到其他同类句子。
- True, not all US students can match the performance of their foreign counterparts, but American institutions do offer students from rich and poor families alike the chance to realize their full potential.
并列复合句配合转折连词 "but" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，常用于论证中的对比或让步转折。双宾语结构和情态动词也是常考语法点。本句的"让步 + 转折"逻辑链条在议论文中极为典型，掌握后可大量复用于理解类似论证结构的句子。
- "America educates so many more people at university that one can't expect all those who go to be as intelligent as the much narrower band in British universities," says Prof. Christopher Ricks at Boston University.
本句结构典型、嵌套层次清晰、成分丰富，主干识别和嵌套拆解都有一定难度但不超纲，时态简单不构成额外负担，非常适合作为结构分析和从句识别的训练材料，优先级高。
- It won't come overnight and there are limits beyond which not even science can take us.
本句的结构非常典型：并列句 + 限制性定语从句 + "there be" 存在句 + 情态动词，都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。"介词 + which" 引导定语从句的结构尤其常见且易错。掌握本句的分析方法可直接迁移到大量真题句子，典型性很高。
- In terms of efficiency and cleanness, buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior to the private automobile, but only if they operate at near capacity.
主句采用主系表结构表达比较关系，配合条件状语从句限定论点前提，这种带有转折和条件限定的复合句在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，尤其在议论文和说明文中用于表达有前提的观点。句式具有较强的迁移价值。
- Otherwise, their overall efficiency is poor.
主系表结构配合句首转折状语是常见句式，在考试阅读中频繁出现。但本句过于简短，未体现考试中常见的定语、从句等复杂修饰，典型性中等，学习后可部分迁移到类似简单句的理解。
- It eventually turns into heat.
涵盖主语、谓语、时间状语、方式状语四种成分，结构简单但成分种类基本齐全，适合初学者入门练习，但缺少宾语、定语等更多成分类型
- One easy way to maintain order and, in turn, boost happiness, is to make the bed, every day.
本句采用 "主语 + be + 不定式表语" 的结构，是英语中常见的表达方式之一，尤其在说明建议、方法、目的时经常出现（如 "The best way is to..."），在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现，具有较高的代表性和迁移价值。
- This one may be especially helpful for parents: When leaving a room, pick up as you go, one thing at a time, without having to dedicate a lot of time and energy to it.
祈使句结构、时间状语从句的省略形式("When leaving...")、多个方式状语的叠加,以及冒号连接并列主句,都是四六级和考研真题中的常见句式,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,代表性较高。
- Word expert Mitford Mathews says it read, "I'll bet neither the kid nor his father ever saw a nickel or a dime. They would not have been interested in such chickenfeed."
主句 + 宾语从句是四六级和考研常见句式，尤其 say 类动词引出宾语从句非常典型，具有一定代表性和迁移价值。
- The "peanut gallery" got its name because it is the part of the theatre most distant from where the show takes place.
“主句 + because 引导原因部分 + 原因部分内部再带地点性从属结构”是很常见、可迁移的阅读句式。掌握这种找连接词再逐层展开的方法，能直接迁移到大量说明原因的句子。
- What does "a person can never be too rich" mean according to the talk?
本句涵盖主语从句充当主句主语这一重要考点,疑问句中宾语前置("What"提前)也是常见难点,状语"according to"的识别同样有训练价值。成分种类较丰富,适合练习从句与疑问句的成分划分。
- It takes great pains for a person to be very rich.
"It takes ... to ..." 是很常见、可反复迁移的句型，考试和日常阅读里都常出现。掌握这种形式主语结构后，很多相似句子都能更快看懂。
- A person will never be satisfied with his wealth.
这种“主语 + will + be + 表语 + 介词短语”的结构非常常见，阅读和写作里都反复出现。掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子，如表示将来状态、评价和倾向的句型。
- They worked for both their own country and their enemies.
“主语 + 一般过去时谓语 + 介词短语状语”是非常常见的基础句型；“both ... and ...”也是高频并列结构，迁移性较强。
- The family is changing in the US as in many other countries in the world.
现在进行时 + 地点状语 + 比较状语从句（含谓语省略）是考试中常见的句式结构。比较状语从句在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现，且经常伴随省略现象。掌握本句的分析方法可以迁移到大量类似真题句中。
- Now in a modern family both the father and the mother are equal partners.
主系表结构和 "both...and..." 并列主语是四六级和考研中的常见句式，具有一定代表性。但本句过于简单，缺少从句、长修饰语等真题中更典型的复杂结构，迁移价值中等。
- If the wife worked for pay, then the husband was not considered to be a good provider.
"if...then..." 条件句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，被动语态加宾语补语的结构也经常出现。本句结构规范、表达清晰，学生掌握后可以迁移到大量类似句子的理解中，具有较强的典型性和实用性。
- In many families today, both husband and wife work for pay.
本句为典型的主谓结构简单句，配以多个状语修饰，是英语基础句式中的常见类型，但因过于简单，在四六级或考研中较少作为考查重点。
- Therefore, they share the role of head of household.
覆盖主谓宾基本成分，宾语中含介词短语后置定语，但成分种类单一，训练价值有限
- In addition, the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money.
本句涵盖了主语、谓语、宾语、状语（两处）、定语（介词短语后置）这些常见成分，可以让学生练习识别基本句型和修饰成分的位置；但成分种类相对单一，缺少宾补、双宾语、复杂定语从句等容易混淆的结构，训练收益中等。
- In contrast, the modern husband helps his working wife at home.
简单句中包含现在分词作前置定语（working wife）和介词短语作状语（In contrast、at home）的组合，是四六级和考研阅读中常见的句式。这种句子虽然简单，但其成分搭配方式（尤其是分词定语的使用）具有一定代表性，掌握后可复用到更复杂句子的局部结构中。
- In the traditional family, the woman may have worked for pay during her first years of marriage.
谓语 "may have worked" 涉及情态动词与完成体的组合，表达对过去的推测，需要学生理解情态动词与时态结合的语义，对基础较弱的学习者有一定门槛。虽然只有一个谓语且为主动语态，但情态加完成体的理解难度中等偏上。
- However, after she became pregnant, she would usually give up her job.
时间状语从句前置、主句采用情态助动词表达习惯性动作,这种结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见。特别是 "after" 引导的时间从句和 "would" 表示过去习惯的用法,都是考试中反复出现的典型句式,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- Her primary role was to take care of her family.
主系表结构 + 不定式作表语（"be + to do"）是四六级和考研中常见的句式，用于说明职责、目的或计划，具有一定的典型性和迁移价值，但句子过于简短，缺少复杂修饰成分的变化。
- In contrast, in many families today, the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children.
结构较为典型。主句包含多个状语加时间状语从句的结构,是四六级和考研阅读中常见的句式。特别是「even after」引导让步性时间状语从句的用法,以及句首对比性状语「In contrast」的位置,都是考试中高频出现的句式特征,掌握后可以迁移到同类句子。
- She's doing two jobs instead of one, so she is busier than the traditional mother was.
因果并列句加比较状语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构,用于对比论证。比较级 busier than 的用法以及从句中表语省略都是常考点,句式实用性强,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- However, the modern wife does not have to live within her husband's income because the family has two incomes.
主句 + 原因状语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，"have to" 的否定用法也是常考点。本句结构代表了说明因果关系的典型表达方式，学生掌握后可大量迁移到类似语境中。虽然句子本身难度不高，但作为因果复合句的范例具有较强的代表性。
- In the traditional family, the children were taken care of by the mother because she did not work outside the home.
被动语态加原因状语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,该句展示了典型的因果逻辑表达和被动结构,具有较强的代表性和复用价值
- However, today preschool children may go to a child care centre or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works.
主句加原因状语从句是四六级和考研阅读中非常常见的句式。情态动词表示可能性、并列介词短语作地点状语、"because" 引导原因状语从句，这些都是高频考点结构。句子的转折副词 "However" 开头也是学术文本和考试文章中的典型用法。掌握这种句式后可以迁移到大量类似结构的句子。
- Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.
句中涉及主语、系动词、表语、目的状语(不定式短语)等基本成分，但成分种类不多，且均为常见搭配，无明显易错点或特殊结构，作为成分划分练习材料收益有限。
- In contrast, modern children are more independent.
主系表结构是常见基础句型，但本句过于简单，缺少四六级或考研真题中常见的从句嵌套、长定语修饰、复杂状语等典型特征，作为考试句式代表性较弱，迁移价值不高。
- Their mother is busy getting ready for work, so they may even have to make their own breakfast.
并列句 + "so" 表因果是四六级阅读中的常见句式，情态动词表推测也是高频考点。两个主句结构简单但逻辑清晰，具有一定代表性，学习者掌握后可迁移到类似因果关系的句子。
- In conclusion, the American family today is quite different from the family of fifty years ago.
主系表结构是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式，尤其在总结性、对比性句子中频繁出现，本句的 "A is different from B" 模式具有一定代表性，但因过于简单，无法覆盖更复杂的典型考点。
- In the modern family, the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home.
主句 + "as" 引导的状语从句是考试中的常见句式，用于说明因果或时间背景。现在完成时与一般现在时的搭配也是典型用法，句子结构具有较高的代表性和复用价值
- Their mother would help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.
"help sb (to) do sth" 是四六级和考研常考句式，情态动词 "would" 表示过去习惯的用法也常出现在阅读理解中，本句结构具有较高的代表性和复用价值。
本卷出现的 214 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- peanutA2n. 花生
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- massB1n. 大量
- lessA1det. 较少的
- expertB1n. 专家
- incomeB1n. 收入
- happinessA2n. 幸福
- efficiencyB2n. 效率
- householdB1n. 家庭
- transportationB1n. 交通运输（系统）
- expressionB1n. 表达
- galleryB1n. 美术馆
- alarmA2n. 警报器
- transitB2n. 运输
- relationshipB1n. 关系
- accordC1n. （国家、团体间的）协议
- millionA2num. 一百万
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- potentialB2adj. 潜在的
- mostlyB1adv. 主要地
- operateB1v. 运转
- complicatedB2adj. 复杂的
- moodA2n. 心情
- contrastB2n. 对比
- equalA2adj. 相等的
- benefitB1n. 好处
- actuallyA2adv. 实际上，事实上（用于纠正或补充信息）
- viewA2n. 观点，看法
- professorB1n. 教授（大学教师的最高职称）
- performanceB1n. 表演
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- amountA2n. 数量
- statesA1n. 国家
- contributeB1v. 捐献
- varietyB1n. 多样化
- realizeB1v. 意识到，认识到
- performB1v. 执行
- fuelB1n. 燃料
- boostB2v. 提高
- linkA2n. 联系
- containB1v. 包含，含有
- institutionB2n. 机构
- capacityB2n. 容量
- structureB1n. 结构
- centreA2n. 中心;中央
- handleA2v. 处理
- vehicleB1n. 交通工具
- gatherB1v. 聚集，集合
- appropriateB2adj. 合适的
- workingA2adj. 有工作的
- delayB1n. 延迟
- editorB1n. 编辑
- intelligentB1adj. 聪明的
- dependentB2adj. 依靠的
- barA2n. 酒吧
- superiorB2adj. 更好的
- accomplishB2v. 完成，实现（任务、目标）
- toneB1n. 语气，口气
- tipA2n. 小费
- followingB1adj. 接下来的
- documentB1n. 文件
- publicationB2n. 出版物
- sayingB1n. 谚语
- fileA2n. 文件
- musicalB1adj. 音乐的
- protestB2v. 抗议;反对
- wrapB1v. 包
- impactB2n. 影响
- systemA2n. 系统
- economicB2adj. 经济的
- powerA2n. 权力
- processB1n. 过程
- challengeB1n. 挑战
- designB1n. 设计
- projectA2n. 项目
- majorB1adj. 主要的
- supportA2v. 支持
- eventA2n. 事件
- effectiveB1adj. 有效的，起作用的
- concernB1v. 涉及
- laterA1adv. 以后，later
- graduateB1n. 毕业生
- increasinglyB2adv. 越来越;日益;不断增加地
- gasA2n. 气体
- nationB1n. 国家
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- easilyA2adv. 容易地
- maintainB1v. 维持
- applyA2v. 申请
- availableA2adj. 可获得的
- politicalB1adj. 政治的
- figureA2n. 数字
- overallB1adj. 总体的
- pressureB1n. 心理压力
- launchB1v. 推出
- featureB1n. 特征
- creditB1n. 赊购，赊账
- struggleB1v. 奋斗
- mainlyB1adv. 主要地
- particularB2adj. 特定的
- seniorB1adj. 级别高的
- limitB1n. 限度
- connectionB1n. 联系
- recommendB1v. 推荐
- attendA2v. 出席，参加（会议、活动等）
- detailB1n. 细节
- creativityB2n. 创造力
- floodB1n. 洪水
- fullyB1adv. 完全地
- currentlyB1adv. 目前，当前
- signalB1n. 信号
- additionA2n. 增加
- interestedA1adj. 感兴趣的
- responsibleB1adj. 负责的
- partnerB1n. 伴侣
- relatedB1adj. 相关的
- wealthyB2adj. 富有的
- eliteC1n. 精英
- officialB1adj. 官方的
- improvementB1n. 改进
- lectureB1n. 讲座
- ruralB1adj. 乡村的，农村的
- highlyB1adv. 非常
- pollutionB1n. 污染
- otherwiseB2adv. 否则，不然
- regularB1adj. 经常的
- chainB1n. 链条
- eventuallyB1adv. 最终
- valuableB1adj. 贵重的
- stageA2n. 阶段
- readerA2n. 读者
- spotA2n. 地点
- directlyB1adv. 直接地
- finallyA2adv. 终于，最终
- commentB1n. 评论
- familiarB1adj. 熟悉的
- thereforeB1adv. 因此，所以
- regularlyA2adv. 经常地
- teachingA2n. 教学工作;教书
- increasingB1adj. 越来越多的
- mannerB1n. 方式
- providerB2n. 供应者
- motivationB2n. 动力
- paceB1n. 速度
- stronglyB1adv. 强烈地
- admitB1v. 承认（事实、错误等）
- versionB1n. 版本
- calmB1adj. 平静的
- importB1v. 进口
- planningB1n. 规划
- preparationB1n. 准备
- acknowledgeB2v. 承认（事实、错误等）
- surprisingA2adj. 令人惊讶的
- triggerB2v. 引发
- narrowB1adj. 狭窄的
- nuclearB2adj. 核能的
- nutA2n. 坚果
- remindA2v. 提醒
- falseA2adj. 错误的
- givenB1prep. 考虑到
- indicatorB2n. 指示物;指示信号
- combinationB1n. 结合
- counterpartC1n. 对应的人或物
- unusualB1adj. 不寻常的
- alertB2adj. 警觉的
- assistantA2n. 助手
- atmosphereB2n. 气氛
- briefB1adj. 简短的;短暂的
- guyA2n. 男人
- prosperityC1n. 繁荣
- solarB2adj. 太阳的
- absorbB2v. 吸收（液体、气体等）
- alikeB1adj. 相似的
- ladderA2n. 梯子
- concentrateB1v. 集中注意力
- outerB1adj. 外部的，外面的
- overseasB1adv. 在海外
- painA2n. 疼痛
- philosopherB2n. 哲学家
- scentB1n. 香味，气味
- contemporaryB2adj. 当代的
- educateB2v. 教育
- innerB1adj. 内部的，里面的
- strategicB2adj. 战略（性）的
- eagerB1adj. 热切的
- isolatedB2adj. 孤立的
- motorB1n. 发动机
- suddenlyA2adv. 突然地
- comparableB2adj. 可比较的
- crashB1v. （车辆）猛撞，碰撞
- dedicateB2v. 致力于
- distantB1adj. 遥远的，远处的
- engineA2n. 发动机，引擎
- jamA2n. 果酱
- overwhelmB2v. 使不知所措
- proceedB2v. 继续进行
- satisfiedB1adj. 满意的
- secondaryB2adj. 次要的
- desirableB2adj. 令人向往的
- folkB1n. 人们
- overwhelmingB2adj. 压倒性的
- broadenB2v. 扩大
- elaborateC1adj. 复杂精细的
- flipB1v. 快速翻转
- phraseB1n. 短语
- anytimeA2adv. 在任何时候
- correctlyA2adv. 正确地
- glanceB2v. 瞥
- inefficientB2adj. 效率低的
- preschoolB1n. 学前班;幼儿园
- proofB2n. 证据
- refineB2v. 改进
- weaknessB1n. 缺点
全卷录音原文 715 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 715 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 15 个 · 约 2%。
- 去重总词数
- 715
- B2 以上难词
- 2%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 88%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 A · 2 C · 3 B · 4 D · 5 D · 6 A · 7 B · 8 D · 9 B · 10 D · 11 A · 12 D · 13 A · 14 C · 15 B · 16 A · 17 B · 18 C · 19 C · 20 C · 21 D · 22 D · 23 D · 24 A · 25 B。答案字母分布为 A 6 · B 6 · C 5 · D 8。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 长对话（2 篇）1–8 题；Section B 听力篇章（2 篇）9–15 题；Section C 讲座/讲话（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 715 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 36%、A2 及以下约 65%、B1 及以下约 88%、B2 及以下约 98%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 15 个、约占 2%。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力出现了哪些英语六级高频词？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力的录音原文出现 214 个英语六级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：traditional（本卷 11 次，adj. 传统的）、peanut（本卷 8 次，n. 花生）、would（本卷 6 次，aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会）、mass（本卷 5 次，n. 大量）、less（本卷 4 次，det. 较少的）、expert（本卷 4 次，n. 专家）、income（本卷 4 次，n. 收入）、happiness（本卷 4 次，n. 幸福）。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 1 题：What does Charles say songs can do when he sings them? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Touch his heart。答案句出自录音「No, not at this stage. I'm an old man. But the songs can still get through to me」（不，现在这个阶段不会了。我老了。但歌still能打动我、touch到我的内心），靠转折 But 后才是真意定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the songs can still get through to me ↔ Touch his heart.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（选项 Make him cry. 抓的是录音里的 cry，但原文 No, not at this stage. 正是对"唱歌会不会哭"的否定回答——他明说现在不会哭了，B 取了被否定的内容）；C 项属未提及（选项 Remind him of his life. 说歌让他"想起自己的人生"，但他只说歌能 get through to me"打动他"，全程没说歌让他回忆人生，属凭空添加）；D 项属与原文相反（选项 Make him feel young. 说歌让他"感觉年轻"，可原文相反——他强调 I'm an old man."我是个老人"，并没说歌让他变年轻，方向相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 2 题：What does Charles say about himself as a singer? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 C）He can sing any song if he likes it。答案句出自录音「If I like something, I can sing it. I did the opera Porgy and Bess, and that's said to be a complicated piece of music. And I can do country music, blues and love songs」（如果我喜欢某样东西，我就能唱它。我演过歌剧《Porgy and Bess》，那被说成是一首很复杂的曲子。我也能唱乡村乐、布鲁斯和情歌），靠条件句 If I like… 是答案核定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（If I like something, I can sing it. ↔ He can sing any song if he likes it.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 He is good at singing operas. 抓住录音里的 opera，但原文 I did the opera Porgy and Bess 只说他"演过"一部歌剧，并没说他"擅长唱歌剧"，把"做过"夸大成"擅长"）；B 项属张冠李戴（选项 He enjoys complicated music. 抓的是 complicated，但原文 that's said to be a complicated piece of music 是"别人说那首歌复杂"，他本人没说"喜欢复杂音乐"，把客观评价安到了他的偏好上）；D 项属原词陷阱（选项 He loves country music in particular. 抓住 country music，但原文 I can do country music, blues and love songs. 把乡村乐和布鲁斯、情歌并列为"我都能唱"，并无"尤其偏爱乡村乐"之意，in particular 是凭空加的），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 3 题：What's one of the man's weaknesses? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 B）He can't sing a song that he doesn't like。答案句出自录音「On the other hand, I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects」（另一方面，我不能唱我不喜欢的东西，这是我的缺点之一），靠defect 自陈缺点+转折 On the other hand定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（I can't sing something I don't like ↔ He can't sing a song that he doesn't like.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 He can't do such a complicated piece of music as the opera. 盗用 complicated、opera，但原文 I did the opera Porgy and Bess 说他演过那部复杂歌剧、明明能做，A 说他"做不了"恰好相反）；C 项属未提及（选项 He can't concentrate on his singing sometimes. 说他"有时不能专注唱歌"，原文从未提及专注问题，纯属编造）；D 项属未提及（选项 He can't play musical instrument while singing. 说他"不能边弹乐器边唱"，原文通篇没谈乐器演奏，属凭空添加），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 4 题：What will Charles do when his personal life is hurting? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Go to work and wrap himself up in music。答案句出自录音「I'm the kind of person that if my personal life is hurting, I can go to work and the music will take over」（我是这样一种人：如果我的个人生活在受煎熬，我可以去工作，让音乐接管一切（把我整个裹进去）），靠条件 if my personal life is hurting 后接应对定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（I can go to work and the music will take over ↔ Go to work and wrap himself up in music.；I can wrap myself up in my music ↔ Go to work and wrap himself up in music.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 Go to a bar and drink for hours. 抓住 bar、drink，但原文 It's like a guy who goes to a bar and drinks. 是个比喻——他说自己沉浸音乐"就像别人去酒吧喝酒"，喝酒的是"别人/那个比喻里的人"，不是他真要做的）；B 项属张冠李戴（选项 Go to an isolated place to sing blues. 借用前文出现过的 blues（I can do country music, blues and love songs.），但那是他列举能唱的曲风，与"难过时怎么办"无关，且原文没说"去僻静处唱布鲁斯"）；C 项属未提及（选项 Go to see a performance in a concert hall. 说他去音乐厅看演出，原文只说他难过时"去工作、投入自己的音乐"，从未提到去音乐厅看别人表演，属编造），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 5 题：What does the woman want to know about the man? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 5 题是主旨题，正确答案 D）How he does his job。答案句出自录音「W: I wonder if you could tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer. What do you actually do and how do you prepare for your job?」（女：不知道您能否给我讲讲您作为电台播音员这份工作？您实际上做些什么、又是怎么为这份工作做准备的？），靠开场提问句即主线定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（What do you actually do ↔ How he does his job.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 说 How he became an announcer.（他如何成为播音员）。录音里确实出现 radio announcer 这个词，听到 announcer 容易顺手选 A；但女士问的是『你做什么、怎么准备』，从没问他『怎么入行』。这是典型原词陷阱：盗用 announcer 一词，却把『做这份工作』偷换成『成为播音员』）；B 项属答非所问（B 说 How he writes news stories.（他如何写新闻稿）。news stories 在后文反复出现，容易误当本题答案；但『写稿』是后面 news subs 那一题（第6题）的内容，并非女士开场想了解的总主题。本题问的是整体工作，B 是把细节误当主旨）；C 项属未提及（C 说 How he makes his living.（他如何谋生）。整段对话只谈工作内容与流程，从没涉及收入、谋生话题。makes his living 与 How he does his job. 字面相近（都含『工作』味）易被误选，实则属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 6 题：What does the man say news subs do? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 A）They write the first version of news stories。答案句出自录音「M: They are sub-editors. They are the people who write the news stories as they come in」（男：他们是助理编辑。他们是新闻一进来就负责把它写成稿的人），靠被问者对名词的直接定义句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（write the news stories as they come in ↔ They write the first version of news stories.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（B 说 They gather news stories on the spot.（现场采集新闻）。录音确有 news stories，听到就想选；但男士说他们是 write the news stories as they come in——是『写』不是『采集现场』，news subs 坐在编辑室里，并不外出跑现场。盗用 news stories 一词，却把『写稿』偷换成『现场采集』）；C 项属张冠李戴（C 说 They polish incoming news stories.（润色进来的新闻稿）。录音后文确有 they are refined, corrected and sorted out（被润色、订正、整理），听到 refined 易联想 polish 选 C；但那是稿子往下传给 senior duty editor、assistant editor 之后才发生的，不是 news subs 干的。这是张冠李戴：把后续编辑的活儿安到 news subs 身上）；D 项属未提及（D 说 They write comments on major news stories.（就重大新闻写评论）。录音只说 news subs『写稿』，全程没提『写评论』。借 write 与 news stories 的原词凑出一个似是而非的职责，属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 7 题：What does the man say is a big challenge for him? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Having little time to read the news before going on the air。答案句出自录音「Of course, sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chance. So I've just got to do my best, and take a couple of seconds to look through the first few lines before I launch into something」（当然，有时事情在最后一刻才发生，我就没机会（事先通读）了。所以我只能尽力而为，在开口播之前抢出几秒钟扫一眼开头几行），靠转折 of course/sometimes 引出难处定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don't have a chance ↔ Having little time to read the news before going on the air.；before I go on the air ↔ before going on the air）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 说 Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.（在规定时间内读完新闻稿）。录音有 read through most stories 字样，听到 read through 易选 A；但录音说的是『有时没机会读』，并非『限定时段内读完』，in a given period of time 是凭空加的。盗用 read through，却篡改成另一种难处）；C 项属原词陷阱（C 说 Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.（不得不时常变换语气）。录音确有 if you start off in a bright tone 提到 tone，听到就想选；但那是说万一一开口语气欢快却发现在播车祸死人的尴尬，并非把『变换语气』当成挑战。盗用 tone 一词，编出原文没有的难处）；D 项属原词陷阱（D 说 Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.（让所有词句发音正确）。录音末尾确有 checking pronunciations，听到 pronunciations 易选 D；但男士只是顺带说工作时『核对发音』，从未把它说成 big challenge。盗用 pronunciations，过度拔高成挑战），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 8 题：What role does the man say his small cross plays? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It serves as a reminder of sad news。答案句出自录音「No, I have my own little mark. If it's something sad, I put a small cross at the top. That's my little clue」（没有，我有我自己的小记号。如果是悲伤的内容，我就在顶端画一个小叉。那就是我的小提示），靠条件句 If it's something sad 点明用途定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（If it's something sad, I put a small cross ↔ It serves as a reminder of sad news.；That's my little clue ↔ reminder）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（A 说 It shows where advertisements come in.（标示广告插入处）。整段从没提广告，这是凭空想象电台与广告的关联，属无中生有，与小叉的真实用途无关）；B 项属偷换概念（B 说 It gives a signal for him to slow down.（提示他放慢）。录音说小叉是 my little clue（提示）没错，但提示的是『这是悲伤内容』，绝非『放慢语速』。借 clue 的『提示』之意，偷换成另一种用途）；C 项属偷换概念（C 说 It alerts him to something important.（提醒他注意要事）。这是本题最像答案的陷阱：录音说小叉提醒 something sad（悲伤的事），C 偷偷把范围放宽成 something important（重要的事）。悲伤的不一定要标成『重要』，男士说得很死——只标 sad，C 范围偷改，排除），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 9 题：What does the speaker say about America's universities? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They attract students from all over the world。答案句出自录音「For all their troubles, the United States' 3,500 institutions were flooded with more than half a million students from 193 countries last year」（尽管问题重重,去年美国这 3500 所院校仍涌入了来自 193 个国家的逾五十万名学生），靠开篇主题句+量化佐证定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（flooded with more than half a million students from 193 countries ↔ attract students from all over the world）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（They offer students a wide variety of courses. 说美国大学课程门类多,但录音通篇讲的是生源数量与教育理念,从没说过课程多寡,属无中生有）；C 项属原词陷阱（They admit more students than they can handle. 借录音里“学生多”(more than half a million students)的印象,扭成“招的学生超出处理能力”这一负面意思;录音夸的是“吸引力强”,从没说“应付不了”,听到“学生多”就选它正中陷阱）；D 项属与原文相反（They have trouble dealing with overseas students. 借录音里反复出现的“外国学生”(students from 193 countries、foreigners who have passed their high school exams)做诱饵,却说成“应付外国学生有困难”;录音说的是美国大学对外国学生 far more welcoming(更欢迎),态度恰好相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 10 题：What is Americans' view on education according to Prof. Marvin Bresler? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 10 题是态度观点题，正确答案 D）Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential。答案句出自录音「The conception that everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential is a highly democratic and compassionate standard, says Marvin Bresler, a professor at Princeton University」（普林斯顿大学教授马文·布雷斯勒说,“人人都有权接受与其潜能相称的教育”这一理念,是一条极具民主与同情心的准则），靠人名 says 引述标志句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential ↔ Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.）。其余选项：A 项属偷换概念（Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later. 借了 everyone 这个词显得像 D,但录音 Bresler 说的是“人人有权受按潜能的教育”,讲的是“权利”不是“迟早受益”,sooner or later 录音从未提及）；B 项属未提及（A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation. 把教育和“国家繁荣”挂钩,这是听起来很对的大道理,但录音 Bresler 谈的是个人按潜能受教育的权利,完全没扯到国家繁荣,属无中生有）；C 项属未提及（A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder. 讲教育是个人晋升的必需品,听着也合理,但 Bresler 强调的是“按潜能受教育的权利”,从没提“社会阶梯”或“向上爬”,属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 11 题：What do we learn from Prof. Christopher Ricks' remark? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 11 题是态度观点题，正确答案 A）He likes students with high motivation。答案句出自录音「"I'm not against elitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn," says Prof. Christopher Ricks at Boston University」（波士顿大学的克里斯托弗·里克斯教授说:“我并不反对精英教育,只是我恰好喜欢那些更渴望学习的人。”），靠转折 but 后的第一人称表态定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（people who are more eager to learn ↔ students with high motivation）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（He enjoys teaching intelligent students. 借录音里真念到的 as intelligent as the much narrower band 这个 intelligent 做诱饵,但 Ricks 是拿“聪明”作对照,转折后明说自己偏爱的是“爱学”而非“聪明”,听到 intelligent 就选它正中陷阱）；C 项属未提及（He tailors his teaching to students' needs. 讲 Ricks 按学生需求调整教学,这是听着很正面的教学法,但 Ricks 只说了自己喜欢哪种学生,从没提怎么“调整教学”,属无中生有）；D 项属与原文相反（He treats all his students in a fair manner. 说 Ricks 对所有学生一视同仁,但他恰恰明说“更喜欢爱学的人”(I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn),这本身就是有偏好,与“一视同仁”矛盾），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 12 题：What does the speaker say about energy used in the United States? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day。答案句出自录音「Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day」（每年，美国人使用的能源相当于每天三千多万桶石油），靠开篇首句直陈数字定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day ↔ It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（It is mostly imported from the Middle East. 说能源主要从中东进口，但录音通篇只讲用量与效率，从未提进口或中东，是未提及的编造）；B 项属过度推断（It is a sure indicator of its economic activity. 把能源用量说成经济活动的可靠指标，这是一步推断，录音只客观报了用量，没说它能指示经济，属过度推断）；C 项属原词陷阱（It has a direct impact on the international oil market. 借 oil 这个录音里确实出现的词，引出对国际油市的直接影响，但录音从未提油市或影响，是听到 oil 就想选的原词诱惑），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 13 题：What do scientists say about energy contained in fuel? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It eventually turns into heat。答案句出自录音「Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heat」（从科学家的角度看，燃料中所含的全部能量，无论是现在还是将来，最终都会变成热），靠标志短语 from a scientist's standpoint 后接结论定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（all of the energy contained in fuel, either now or in the future, becomes heat ↔ It eventually turns into heat.）。其余选项：B 项属张冠李戴（It is used in a variety of forms. 里的 forms 借自录音 That's energy in all forms，但那句讲的是能源以多种形式存在，不是科学家对燃料中能量的结论，张冠李戴到了本题）；C 项属未提及（Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution. 说能量使用是空气污染主因，录音谈的是能量变热与效率，从未提空气污染，是谈能源时易顺手补上的常识联想）；D 项属原词陷阱（Part of it is lost in the process of transmission. 借了录音后文 The rest is lost or rejected 的 lost，但录音说的是部分热量散失到大气，不是传输过程损失，且这也不是科学家那句的结论，听到 lost 就想选会落坑），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 14 题：When does mass transit prove superior to private vehicles? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 C）When it operates at near capacity。答案句出自录音「In terms of efficiency and cleanness, buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior to the private automobile, but only if they operate at near capacity」（就效率和清洁而言，公共汽车、火车等公共或大众交通工具优于私家车，但前提是它们要接近满载运行），靠限定词 but only if 后才是条件定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（only if they operate at near capacity ↔ When it operates at near capacity.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（When it is used in rural areas. 说在乡村使用时更优，录音给的条件是接近满载，从未提乡村，是未提及的编造条件）；B 项属原词陷阱（When it is environment-friendly. 把录音 In terms of efficiency and cleanness 里的 cleanness 联想成环保，但那是评判优越的角度，不是优越成立的条件，听到清洁就想选会偏）；D 项属偷换概念（When it operates at regular times. 与正确项只差末尾，把录音的 near capacity（接近满载）偷换成 regular times（定时运行），录音从未说定时，是仅改关键词的近似干扰），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 15 题：What seems to be the speaker's biggest concern? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 15 题是主旨题，正确答案 B）Inefficient use of energy。答案句出自录音「If we could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, we could do a lot more work with the energy that is available. ... about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work」（如果我们能想出办法提高用能的效率，就能用现有的能源做更多的事。……我们用来移动物体（包括我们自己）的能源，约有四分之三没有完成任何有用的功），靠efficiency 反复出现、四分之三能源做无用功定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work ↔ Inefficient use of energy.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Traffic jams in cities. 借录音谈 transportation 的语境联想出堵车，但录音讲交通是为说明能效，从未提堵车，是顺着交通话题想出来的未提及项）；C 项属偷换概念（Fuel shortage. 借录音里 fuel、lost 等词联想到燃料短缺，但录音担心的是能源用得浪费、效率低，不是没有燃料可用，把低效偷换成短缺）；D 项属未提及（Global warming. 是讨论能源时人人会联想的热词，但录音通篇没出现 global warming 或气候字眼，纯属凭印象误选，录音未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 16 题：Which of the following is a mood-boosting habit according to Rubin? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Smelling scented candles。答案句出自录音「I used to laugh at scented candles but now I understand scents are a way to get a quick lift without any time, energy and money」（我过去常嘲笑香薰蜡烛，但现在我明白，香味是一种不花任何时间、精力和金钱就能让心情快速提振的方式），靠转折 but 之后＋点出功效定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（scented candles ↔ Smelling scented candles；a way to get a quick lift ↔ Smelling scented candles）。其余选项：B 项属与原文相反（原文确实念到了 SET AN ALARM-AND NOT JUST FOR WAKING UP，B 项 Setting an alarm for waking up. 借了 alarm 这个原词，却恰好取了原文明确否定的“为起床而定闹钟”——讲者要的是睡前闹钟，方向被改反）；C 项属偷换概念（C 项 Talking with your parents often. 听着像原文谈“关系让人快乐”那段，但原文 relationships are a key 说的是亲吻所爱、加深各种关系，从未具体提“常和父母聊天”，是把泛泛的“关系”偷换成了具体的“和父母聊天”）；D 项属与原文相反（原文标题是 LISTEN TO AN UPBEAT SONG（听欢快的歌），D 项 Listening to an upsetting song. 借了“听歌”原词，却把 upbeat（欢快）换成形近又反义的 upsetting（令人沮丧），令人沮丧的歌显然不能提振心情），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 17 题：What is "ONE-MINUTE RULE" according to the lecturer? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Do anything that can be done in less than one minute without delay。答案句出自录音「The one-minute rule says that anything I can do in less than a minute, I should do without delay」（“一分钟法则”是说：任何我能在一分钟内做完的事，我都应当立刻去做、不拖延），靠定义句标志 says that定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（anything I can do in less than a minute ↔ anything that can be done in less than one minute；I should do without delay ↔ without delay）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 项 Handle the overwhelming unopened mail and tiny tasks within one minute. 盗用了原文 Overwhelmed by unopened mail, and other tiny tasks 这句引入语，却把适用于“任何一分钟内能做之事”的规则缩成只管“未拆信件和琐事”——那只是举例的背景，不是规则本身）；C 项属与原文相反（C 项 Do everything that can't be done in a minute within one minute. 借了“一分钟”框架，却把原文的 anything I can do in less than a minute 反成“做不完的也要一分钟内做完”，既反了原义又自相矛盾）；D 项属原词陷阱（原文 printing out a document and filing it 只是“一分钟内能做之事”的众多举例之一，D 项 Documents must be printed out and filed within one minute. 盗用这个例子，用 must 把它说成必须执行的硬规定，以偏概全），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 18 题：What does "BRIGHT-LINE RULES" refer to? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Hard rules。答案句出自录音「I believe habits have a direct connection with happiness, and I think hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making」（我相信习惯与幸福有直接联系，而我认为硬性规则能让人免去做决定的痛苦），靠术语紧跟其后的同位定性词 hard rules定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（hard rules ↔ Hard rules）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（原文确实念到 habits have a direct connection with happiness，A 项 Strict habits. 借了 habits 这个原词，但讲者说的是习惯与幸福有关，并未把 BRIGHT-LINE RULES 定性为“严格的习惯”，且 strict 也是原文没有的）；B 项属未提及（B 项 Positive attitude. 在讲 BRIGHT-LINE RULES 的段落里没有任何依据，讲者谈的是习惯、硬规则与决策，从未把它说成一种“积极态度”，属凭空添加）；D 项属答非所问（原文 hard rules can spare one the agony of decision-making 说硬规则能省去做决定的痛苦，D 项 Decision-making methods. 盗用 decision-making 一词，却把术语错当成“决策方法”——而原文里决策恰是被规则“省去”的对象，不是规则的所指），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 19 题：What does "a person can never be too rich" mean according to the talk? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 C）A person will never be satisfied with his wealth。答案句出自录音「Almost every language in the world has a saying that a person can never be too rich. Americans, like people in other countries, always want more money」（世界上几乎每种语言都有一句话：一个人永远不会嫌自己太富。美国人和其他国家的人一样，总是想要更多的钱），靠紧随其后的解释句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（always want more money ↔ never be satisfied with his wealth）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（It takes great pains for a person to be very rich 说"变富要费很大力气"，录音通篇讲的是"人总嫌钱不够"，从未谈"致富艰辛"，属未提及）；B 项属与原文相反（Not Everyone wants to be too rich 说"不是人人都想太富"，恰与录音 always want more money 及"几乎每种语言都有这句话"的普遍性相反，方向反了）；D 项属偷换概念（A person will never have the feeling of being wealthy 把"客观上总想要更多钱"偷换成"主观上从无富有的感觉"，录音说的是欲望（想要更多），不是说人永远感觉不到自己富，概念被掉包），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 20 题：What's a person's purpose of saying "I am working for chickenfeed"? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 20 题是目的题，正确答案 C）Making a complaint。答案句出自录音「One way they express this is by protesting that their jobs do not pay enough. A common expression is, "I am working for chickenfeed."」（他们表达这一点的一种方式，就是不满地抱怨自己的工作报酬不够。一个常见的说法是："我在为鸡饲料般的钱工作。"），靠动词 protesting 点明语气定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（protesting that their jobs do not pay enough ↔ Making a complaint）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（Introducing a topic 看似贴切（录音开头确在引入话题），但本题问的是说"I am working for chickenfeed"这一句的目的，这句的目的是抱怨工资低，不是引入话题；混淆了"整段开场"与"这一句"的目的）；B 项属未提及（Telling a joke 录音里没有任何"开玩笑"的语气标记，说这句话时是 protesting（抱怨），并非玩笑，属未提及）；D 项属未提及（Making a decision 录音中说话人只是抱怨工资低，并未做出任何决定（如辞职、换工作），原文无对应，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 21 题：What can we learn about the German spies in World War l, according to the talk? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 21 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They worked for both their own country and their enemies。答案句出自录音「Spy expert Henry S. A. Becket writes that some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British. The British government had to make the Germans believe their spies were working. So, British officials gave them mostly false information. It was called chickenfeed」（间谍专家亨利·S·A·贝克特写道，战争期间一些在伦敦活动的德国间谍同时也为英国人工作。英国政府必须让德国人相信他们的间谍仍在效力，于是英国官员主要给他们提供假情报，这种假情报就被称作"鸡饲料"），靠also worked for 揭双重身份定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British ↔ They worked for both their own country and their enemies）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（well paid by the German government 盗用了录音中反复出现的 pay 和 government 等钱/政府词，但录音说的是 British government 给假情报，从未提德国政府给间谍"高薪"，听到 pay/government 就选会中招）；B 项属原词陷阱（gathered mostly in London during the war 盗用了原文 working in London during the war 的 London 与 during the war，但录音只说间谍在伦敦"活动/工作"，没说他们"大多聚集在伦敦"，把"在伦敦工作"偷换成"大多聚集于伦敦"）；C 项属张冠李戴（didn't provide any valuable information for Germany 把"英国给德国间谍假情报"这件事，安成"间谍没给德国有价值情报"。原文是 British officials gave them mostly false information（英方给假料），主语和动作都被搬错；且"any"绝对化，原文未作此断言），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 22 题：What is the talk mainly about? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 22 题是主旨题，正确答案 D）Some expressions related to money。答案句出自录音「I would like to talk about interesting words that have something to do with money today」（今天我想谈谈一些和钱有关的有趣词语），靠开篇点题句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（interesting words that have something to do with money ↔ Some expressions related to money）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（Some common chicken food in America 盗用 chickenfeed 这一原词，但鸡饲料只是用来解释 chickenfeed 这个习语来历的细节，仅覆盖第 2 段一处，撑不起全文主旨）；B 项属过度推断（The living and working conditions of Americans 借了录音里 Americans、jobs 等词，但全文是借这些讲钱的习语，并非系统介绍美国人的生活与工作状况，覆盖面被无限放大）；C 项属原词陷阱（The German and British spies in World War Two 盗用第 4 段 German spies、British 等原词，但间谍故事只是 chickenfeed 一词的另一来历，仅占一段，且原文是 World War I 而非选项写的 World War Two，既偏又错），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 23 题：Which of the following is the feature of a modern family? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 D）The wife works and does two kinds of jobs。答案句出自录音「In contrast, in many families today, the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children. She's doing two jobs instead of one, so she is busier than the traditional mother was」（与之相反，在今天的许多家庭里，现代女性即便有了孩子也仍在外工作。她做的是两份活而不是一份，所以比传统的母亲更忙），靠对比信号 In contrast + today定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the modern woman works outside the home ↔ The wife works；She's doing two jobs instead of one ↔ does two kinds of jobs）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（The husband is the head of the household. 盗用了原文 The traditional husband was the head of the household 的原词 head of the household，但那是"传统"丈夫的特征，本题问"现代"家庭，时代标签反了）；B 项属与原文相反（The husband usually makes big decisions. 借用了原文 the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money，但原文说这是传统丈夫的做法，现代丈夫是 shares these decisions with his working wife，与"现代家庭"对不上）；C 项属与原文相反（The wife lives within her husband's income. 几乎照搬原文 The traditional wife learned to live within her husband's income，但那是传统妻子；现代妻子是 does not have to live within her husband's income，意思正好相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 24 题：Why were the school-age children of a traditional family more dependent? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Their mother would help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast。答案句出自录音「The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent. Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast」（传统家庭的学龄孩子更加依赖。他们的母亲在一旁帮他们准备上学、给他们做早餐），靠more dependent 后紧跟的解释句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast ↔ Their mother would help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（They had to help their mother and father to take care of their younger sisters and brothers. 说孩子帮忙照看弟弟妹妹，但原文从未提到"younger sisters and brothers"，是凭"传统大家庭"的常识臆造出来的）；C 项属张冠李戴（Their mother had to get up early in the morning to drive them to school. 里 get up early in the morning、school 都是原文念过的词，但 get up early in the morning 说的是"现代孩子"，且原文是孩子"自己"早起、并没有 drive them to school（开车送）这件事）；D 项属过度推断（They were spoiled by their parents and didn't want to go to school. 说孩子被宠坏、不想上学，原文谈的是"依赖（dependent）"而非"被宠坏"，也没说不想上学，是把"依赖"过度引申成了"娇惯"），均可排除。
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 25 题：Why is the American family today so different from that of fifty years ago? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2015年12月第1套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 B）An increasing number of women work outside the home。答案句出自录音「In the modern family, the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home」（在现代家庭中，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，父亲、母亲和孩子的角色都已发生变化），靠因果连词 as 引出原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（more and more women work outside the home ↔ An increasing number of women work outside the home.）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（The roles of the father, mother, and children have changed. 几乎照抄原文 the roles of the father, mother, and children have changed，但这是 as 前面的"现象"——家庭哪里不同；题问的是"为何不同"，答的是原因，A 答非所问）；C 项属答非所问（Changes have taken place in the structure of an American family. 呼应原文 the American family today is quite different 与结尾的 family structure，但它只是"家庭结构发生了变化"这个概括现象，同样没回答 Why）；D 项属未提及（The increasingly rapid pace of life makes people under greater pressure. 说"生活节奏加快带来压力"，听上去像个原因，但原文通篇没提 pace of life 或 pressure，是凭常识自造的动因），均可排除。