2023年6月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

Why does the woman wish to study architecture?

被问者直接应答动机。教授先问 Why did you choose it?，她的回答里用 I'm attracted to 直接给出动机，且以 In particular 加重强调——"问因 + 被问者亲口应答 + 加重语气"三重信号锁定此句。

• the marriage of design and engineering↔its integration of design and engineeringmarriage=integration同义改写

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 I'm attracted to，A 项 She is attracted to the beauty of modern buildings. 借用了 attracted 这个原词，但她被吸引的是"设计与工程的结合"，不是"现代建筑的美"——美这一点录音从未说，属听到 attracted 就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：I'm attracted to the marriage of design and engineering

• B)原词陷阱preoccupied 一词录音里出现在教授口中 you were preoccupied with all the lofty mathematics，指她曾为数学发愁，根本不是"痴迷当建筑师的梦想"。B 项 She is preoccupied with her dream to be an architect. 盗了 preoccupied 又改了对象，与问"动机"无关。

  借用原文：you were preoccupied with all the lofty mathematics

• C)未提及C 项 She is influenced by her father who teaches architecture. 牵出一个"教建筑的父亲"，但整段录音从未提到她父亲，更没说受其影响——是预读时就警惕的"凭空多出一个人物"的诱选。

How does the woman say she will overcome the difficulty in learning mathematics?

转折 but 后才是真应对。她先承认 Math might be the toughest subject，紧接 but I'll simply put in the work required——转折词 but 之后才是她真正给出的克服办法，前半只是铺垫难处。"but 后是落点"是听力定位的硬信号。

• put in the work required↔Through hard workput in work=hard work同义概括

• B)未提及对话里确有 professor 这个人，B 项 With the professor's help. 借"现场有教授"诱你选，但她讲克服数学的办法时只字未提靠教授，靠的是自己出力——属"同场有这人就误以为靠他"的陷阱。
• C)原词陷阱录音里 I was doing some online research 确实出现 online，C 项 By studying the subject online. 盗了 online。但她上网只是"做了点调研"判断自己应付得来，并非"靠网上学数学"来克服难点——原词在、用途被偷换。

  借用原文：I was doing some online research

• D)未提及D 项 By taking prerequisite courses. 说靠"修先修课"克服，但录音从未提到 prerequisite 或先修课程这回事——是凭空安上的办法。

What does the man say about architects' contribution to a city?

男士对城市贡献的直接断言。男士谈到 the contribution you make to a city 后，紧接断言 the legacies you build will last much longer——这句直接定性"建筑师留下的东西能存续很久"，是他对该话题的正面陈述句，定位于此。

• will last much longer than any of us mortals↔It is long-lastinglast much longer=long-lasting同义

• A)未提及A 项 It is groundbreaking."具开创性"在录音里毫无对应——男士谈的是贡献能"长久存续"，不是"开天辟地"，属凭空贴标签。
• C)与原文相反录音里 Due to its material nature 出现 material（实体的），C 项 It is immaterial. 恰好取了它的反义 immaterial（非物质/无关紧要）。建筑明明是"实体"，选项却说"无形"，是"盗原词又反极性"的诱选。

  借用原文：Due to its material nature

• D)原词陷阱录音 longer than any of us mortals 用 mortals（凡人）作对比，D 项 It is immortal. 盗这个词根改成 immortal（不朽）。原文只说贡献"比凡人活得久"，是相对的"更久"，并非"永不灭"——把相对的久夸成绝对不朽，程度过头。

  借用原文：will last much longer than any of us mortals

What subject does the man suggest the woman start with?

Nevertheless 转折 + suggest start with。前句先泛举 philosophy and economics 等领域，再用 Nevertheless 一转，紧跟 I would suggest you start with computer science——转折后的"建议 + start with"双信号，直指真正要先学的那门。

• I would suggest you start with computer science↔Computer science原句点名即选项学科

• A)原词陷阱philosophy and economics 里 economics 被念到，但那是男士泛举"大学会鼓励你学的各类领域"，A 项 Economics. 盗这个原词冒充答案；题问的是 start with（先学），经济学并非他建议起步的那门。

  借用原文：fields as wide-ranging as philosophy and economics

• B)原词陷阱B 项 Philosophy. 同样来自 philosophy and economics 的泛举，philosophy 被念到却不是"建议先学"的那门——与 A 一样是"听到学科名就想划"的原词诱选。

  借用原文：fields as wide-ranging as philosophy and economics

• D)答非所问录音末尾 the history of Western art 确出现"西方艺术"，D 项 Western art. 盗了它。但那是男士另起一句"还建议你尽量多学美术"，与本题问的 start with（最先入手）不是同一件事——位置和性质都对不上。

  借用原文：another thing that I would recommend you learn as much as you can is fine arts, in particular, the history of Western art

What do we learn from the conversation about Mr. Sanchez?

直接的身份介绍句。女士用 being such a famous football player at Real Madrid 一句话给桑切斯定了身份，再用 has a very high public profile 说明其名气之大——这种"客观介绍人物"的陈述句就是身份细节题的答案句。

• has a very high public profile↔well known to the public「高公众知名度」=「被公众熟知」

• A)原词陷阱He has occasionally been harassed by his fans. 借了录音 recognized and harassed 里的 harassed 一词，但录音说的是"一出门就"被骚扰、且并未限定"被粉丝"，更没说"偶尔"。题问的是"我们了解到什么"，最核心是他名气大，A把附带后果当主答案、还加了 occasionally,fans 这些原文没有的限定。

  借用原文：recognized and harassed

• B)张冠李戴He has been guarded by a discreet assistant. 把开头 we are looking for someone who is very discreet 里的 discreet 拿来，安成"他被一位谨慎的助理护卫"。但 discreet 是对应聘者（男方）的要求，不是说桑切斯有这样一个助理——人物对应被搬错，且题问的是桑切斯本人，不是他的助理。

  借用原文：someone who is very discreet

• D)偷换概念He is a famous football coach. 借用了录音 famous football player 里的 famous football，却把 player（球员）偷换成 coach（教练）。一字之差、身份全错，这正是预读时圈出"coach 是差异点"要防的偷换。

  借用原文：famous football player

What will the man do if he gets the job?

招聘者直接交代岗位。女方用 As his personal assistant 一句明确点出岗位名，这种由招聘方直接交代"你将担任什么"的句子，就是"他将做什么"的答案句。

• As his personal assistant↔Serve as a personal assistant.「作为私人助理」=「担任私人助理」

• B)过度推断Play a key role in Real Madrid. 借了第7、8段反复出现的 Real Madrid，把"跑腿助理"夸成"在皇马担任关键角色"。录音清楚说他要做的是 run common everyday chores（跑日常琐事），与"key role"完全相反，是过度拔高。

  借用原文：run common everyday chores for Mr. Sanchez

• C)张冠李戴Run common daily chores for the woman. 几乎照搬录音 run common everyday chores，只把"for Mr. Sanchez"换成"for the woman"。跑腿是为桑切斯、不是为这位招聘的女士，服务对象被掉包——正是预读时圈 for the woman 要防的张冠李戴。

  借用原文：run common everyday chores for Mr. Sanchez

• D)与原文相反Help promote Mr. Sanchez's public profile. 拿了 high public profile 里的 public profile，编成"帮桑切斯提升公众形象"。但录音说的是因他名气太大、助理替他做他没法做的事（things he cannot do himself due to his fame），是"避开曝光"，绝非"提升曝光"，方向相反。

  借用原文：has a very high public profile

What does the man say about himself?

第一人称的自我坦白。男方用 This is my first job after graduating from university 加 I don't have much prior working experience 直陈自身处境，这种"I/my"领起的自述句即本题答案落点。

• I don't have much prior working experience↔He has little previous work experience.「没多少经验」=「几乎没经验」

• A)过度推断He is honest and always tells the truth. 大概由录音里 frankly（坦白说）联想而来，但 frankly 只是说话的语气词，男方并未谈自己"诚实、总说真话"。把一个口头副词夸成性格优点，属无中生有的推断。

  借用原文：So frankly, I don't have much prior working experience

• B)未提及He once worked part-time in university. 用了 university 这个录音确实出现的词（after graduating from university），但男方只说"大学毕业"，从未提"在校期间打过工"。借眼熟的 university 编出一段没说过的经历，属未提及。

  借用原文：after graduating from university

• C)未提及He cares little about his working hours. 听起来像呼应他"愿从底层做起"（keen to start from the bottom）的谦逊，但他谈的是不计职位与薪水，从没说"不在乎工作时长（working hours）"。working hours 是录音里完全没出现的话题。

Why does the man think he is a very competitive candidate?

他自陈的优势落点。在列举理由的段落里，男方以 I think my language skills could prove very useful 把"语言能力"点为自己的可用之长——这种"I think my … useful"的自夸句就是优势题的答案句。第10段又用 fully fluent in English and Spanish 坐实他确有多语能力。

• my language skills could prove very useful↔He has a high proficiency in several languages.「语言能力有用」=「精通几门语言」

• A)未提及He has a strong ability to connect with people. 描述的人际沟通能力，录音通篇没有提及。他列的是爱足球、觉得公司酷、语言能力，没有任何一句谈"与人连接"，属凭"助理该会沟通"的常识脑补。
• C)张冠李戴He has a sound knowledge of sports consultancy. 盗用了录音 what this company does in sports consultancy 里的 sports consultancy。但这是他在夸"公司做的体育咨询很酷"，说的是公司的业务，不是他本人懂体育咨询——把公司的事安成了他的能力。

  借用原文：what this company does in sports consultancy is very cool

• D)未提及He has a natural capacity to cooperate with others. 和A一样属人际类能力，与他亲口列的"语言能力"无关，录音没说他"善于与人协作"。它和A刻意做得相像（connect with people/cooperate with others），用来分散对正确项B的注意。

Why do extreme sports appeal to many kids?

对照句"没有……但仍有……"。这句用 They don't have many of the rules and pressures of traditional team sports 与后面 but they still have all the benefits 做对照，前半把"规则和压力少"点了出来——这正是这类运动区别于传统运动、吸引孩子的卖点，是承载答案的句子。

• don't have many of the rules and pressures↔have fewer rules and pressuresdon't have many = fewer

• A)原词陷阱A 用了录音同句里的原词 benefits，但录音说的是"仍具备户外活动的全部益处"，并非"带来更多益处"；more 是选项硬加的，题目问的是"吸引力来自哪"，benefits 只是顺带提及，不是吸引点。

  借用原文：they still have all the benefits of outdoor physical activity

• B)原词陷阱B 的 less supervision and training 借用了第二段的 When properly supervised 制造熟耳感，但录音从没说这类运动"需要的监管和训练更少"；相反第二段强调"需要妥善监管"，与 B 相反。

  借用原文：When properly supervised, extreme sports can be a part of a healthy, balanced life.

• C)未提及C 说这类运动"更适合"年轻人，录音只说它们对孩子"有吸引力（attractive/appeal）"，从未做"更适合/更不适合"的比较判断，属于原文未提及的拔高。

What does the speaker say about risk-free activities?

对象词 risk-free 直接现身。录音里 Risk-free activities deprive kids of the opportunity to test themselves and overcome their fears 正面点出题干对象 risk-free activities，并紧跟一个负面动词 deprive，这一句就是对该对象的直接评价，是答案句。

• deprive kids of the opportunity to test themselves and overcome their fears↔rob kids of the chance to cultivate their couragedeprive=rob、克服恐惧=培养勇气

• A)原词陷阱A 的 prevent kids from enjoying adventure sports 借了录音常出现的 adventure sports，但录音说"剥夺机会"的是 risk-free activities 对"自我考验"，并非"阻止孩子享受冒险运动"，把对象和内容都换了。

  借用原文：Adventure sports have many of the same risks and dangers

• B)与原文相反B 说无风险活动"帮孩子防受伤"，听上去像好事，但录音对 risk-free activities 的态度是负面的（deprive 剥夺机会），B 把贬义说成了褒义，方向相反；injuries 一词来自录音第二段对 devastating injuries 的描述。

  借用原文：extreme sports can often lead to devastating injuries

• D)偷换概念D 把录音"克服恐惧"偷换成 develop team spirit（团队精神）。录音里"团队"概念只与 traditional team sports 沾边，从没说无风险活动剥夺了"团队精神"，是把尾词悄悄换掉。

  借用原文：traditional team sports

What should parents do if they decide adventure sports are a bit too much for their kids?

建议句"do try to…"加重语气。这句用 do try to introduce other forms of outdoor adventures，do 加在动词前是强调语气的建议，且与题干条件 adventure sports are a bit too much 逐字对上，是承载答案的建议句。

• introduce other forms of outdoor adventures↔participate in some less risky outdoor activities其他户外探险 = 风险更低的户外活动

• A)未提及A 说"等孩子更成熟再让他们玩这些运动"，录音从没建议"等长大再玩"，only 提到引入别的户外活动；mature 一词录音也未出现，属凭空添加的方案。
• C)与原文相反C 让孩子"试室内运动"，但录音建议的是 outdoor adventures（户外探险），并举露营、观星等户外例子，方向与"室内"相反。

  借用原文：introduce other forms of outdoor adventures into their lives

• D)原词陷阱D 的"step by step / 循序渐进地把这些运动介绍给孩子"盗用了录音原词 introduce，但录音的 introduce 接的是 other forms of outdoor adventures（别的户外活动），不是"循序渐进地引入冒险运动本身"；step by step 是选项硬加，且与"觉得太过头就别玩"的前提矛盾。

  借用原文：do try to introduce other forms of outdoor adventures into their lives

Why do new tech products soon become waste?

强调词 In fact + 因果连词 so that。In fact 把语气加重、引出真意，紧接的 so that consumers will have to spend their money on a new one 是明确因果，正是 Why 题要锁定的那一句。

• purposely design devices that will not last long↔intentionally design products to have short lifespanspurposely=intentionally，短命换说法

• A)原词陷阱录音确实提到 spend their money on a new one 里有 "买新" 的影子，但那是厂商设计造成的结果，不是说消费者主动 "渴望新款"；A 盗用 "new" 的语感把原因偷换到消费者欲望上。

  借用原文：consumers will have to spend their money on a new one

• B)答非所问录音说 cannot be repaired，B 据此说零件 irreplaceable，但题问的是 "为何变废" 的根因——厂商故意，而非单纯零件不可换；B 抓了枝节当主因。

  借用原文：cannot be repaired

• D)偷换概念录音批评厂商 purposely design devices that will not last long，D 却说厂商用有效策略推广更高端产品，语气由贬转中、且 "fancier products" 录音根本没说，是改了立场的无中生有。

  借用原文：purposely design devices that will not last long and cannot be repaired

What did the French government require tech companies to do to help consumers make better choices?

题干主体 French government 在原文复现，紧跟其后动作即答案。录音 the French government began requiring tech manufacturers to list a repairability score 与题干主体逐字对上，requiring 后的动作就是要求内容，是顺序定位的标准信号。

• list a repairability score↔List a repairability score of their products近乎原句对应，list 与评分逐词吻合

• A)未提及录音通篇没说要标 "竞争力"，A 的 competitiveness of their products 是凭 "产品" 话题臆造出的方向，与政府要求无关。
• C)张冠李戴录音第一段说设备 cannot be repaired 时隐含零件问题，C 借 major parts 之名说政府要求 "列出主要零件"，但政府要求的是评分不是列零件，把别处的词安到这道题上。

  借用原文：cannot be repaired

• D)原词陷阱录音后句提到 its life can be extended，D 的 lifecycle of their products 借这点说要求 "详述生命周期"，但那是评分带来的好处，不是政府要求标注的内容，方向被带偏。

  借用原文：its life can be extended

What should tech companies do to help ensure environmental sustainability?

主张句信号 We need…to take the lead。We need tech companies to take the lead to solve this problem 用 We need…to 直陈主张，take the lead 是 "应做" 动作的核心，正是 should 题要锁的句。

• take the lead to solve this problem↔Take the initiative to reduce electronic wastetake the lead=take the initiative；this problem=electronic waste

• B)未提及Take due caution in upgrading their products 谈升级要谨慎，录音只在第一段批评厂商频出新品，从未要求厂商 "升级时谨慎"，是顺着话题臆造的对策。
• C)原词陷阱录音 Batteries explode in recycling facilities 是在讲危害，C 借 recycling facilities 这个原词说应 "投资建更多回收设施"，但录音没把建设施当对策，把危害描述里的词挪来当答案。

  借用原文：Batteries explode in recycling facilities

• D)过度推断录音 Toxic substances like mercury leak into soil 只在说毒物危害，D 借 toxic substances 拔高成 "用无毒物替换全部毒物"，substitute all 录音根本没主张，绝对词 all 更是过满。

  借用原文：Toxic substances like mercury leak into soil and groundwater

What does the speaker think of the problem of waste?

转折 But + 末句定调 can be fixed。But we cannot leave things broken 的 But 是态度反转信号，前句 damage is a certainty 是铺垫，转折后的 a problem that can be fixed 才是说话人真正的乐观结论。

• a problem that can be fixed↔It can be solved.can be fixed=can be solved，主被动同形

• B)与原文相反录音 damage is a certainty 只说损害必定存在，B 借 certainty 这个词头偷换成 certain to worsen（必然变糟），把 "必定有损害" 曲解为 "必定恶化"，与说话人乐观结论相反。

  借用原文：damage is a certainty

• C)张冠李戴录音说问题 can be fixed 是 "我们" 共同的事，C 却说 fixed by tech companies，把解决主体单独安到科技公司头上；录音前文还说很多厂商 lobby against repair，正说明不能指望它们独力解决。

  借用原文：many lobby against repair legislation

• D)与原文相反unavoidable in the long run 借的是 damage is a certainty 的悲观语气，但说话人紧接 But 就反转为问题能解决，D 取了被否定掉的那一半，与最终乐观态度相反。

  借用原文：damage is a certainty

What does most cyberloafing research focus on?

原话直述 research focuses on。录音直接说 The majority of cyberloafing research focuses on ways to prevent employees from engaging in this behavior，与题干 research focus on 几乎同词，是直述型答案句，听到 research focuses on 立刻锁定其后的宾语。

• ways to prevent employees from engaging in this behavior↔How to prevent employees from cyberloafingthis behavior 即 cyberloafing，prevent 原词对应

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念了 internet monitoring，但它是研究焦点（防止摸鱼）下面举的干预手段之一，不是研究本身关注的对象；A 把举例升格成焦点，且原文没说研究关注它如何被 implemented。

  借用原文：internet monitoring and computer use policies

• B)与原文相反原文研究关注的是防止摸鱼，B 却说成鼓励高效上网（encourage productive internet surfing），方向相反，录音从未说大多数研究关注怎么鼓励上网。

  借用原文：prevent employees from engaging in this behavior

• C)张冠李戴cyberloafing 对效率的影响是讲者自己团队后续探讨的内容，而本题问的是大多数已有研究关注什么——答案句明说那聚焦于 prevent；C 张冠李戴，把后文结论安到大多数研究头上。

  借用原文：is cyberloafing actually effective at reducing employee stress levels?

What was the hypothesis of the speaker's research team?

标志词 Our hypothesis was that 引出答案。录音用 Our hypothesis was that cyberloafing may serve as a mini-break 直接点出假设，hypothesis 与题干同词，是标志词引导的答案句，听到 hypothesis was that 后面那句就是答案。

• recover from stressful work situations↔relieve employees of stress从压力中恢复＝缓解压力，同义改写
• serve as a mini-break↔may relieve employees of stress充当短歇＝起到减压作用，功能等值

• A)与原文相反录音确实念了 a sign that a worker is lazy，但前面有 may not be，是讲者要否定的旧观念，不是其团队的假设；A 取了被否定的那一极，正话反取。

  借用原文：such behaviors may not be a sign that a worker is lazy

• C)张冠李戴higher levels of employee engagement and job satisfaction 是录音引用的他人研究背景，且原文是说社媒使用与二者相关，并未说 engagement 与 job satisfaction 互相关联；C 既错置主体又乱搭关系。

  借用原文：Social media use at work has been linked to higher levels of employee engagement and job satisfaction

• D)原词陷阱录音多处提到 productivity，但本团队的假设是摸鱼减压，而非过度用社媒会降低效率；D 取了一个原文别处的话题词拼成假设，答非所问。

  借用原文：cost employers up to $85 billion a year in lost productivity

On what point do the results of the speaker's study agree with other recent research?

fits with other recent research 直接挂钩。录音用 This fits with other recent research that suggests taking short breaks is associated with higher levels of daily job performance，fits with other recent research 与题干 agree with other recent research 直接呼应，that 从句即两方一致之处。

• taking short breaks is associated with higher levels of daily job performance↔Taking mini-breaks means better job performanceshort breaks＝mini-breaks，associated with＝means，higher＝better

• B)与原文相反录音虽说 cyberloafing is always good 也非绝对，但整体结论是摸鱼适度有益、能提效；B 说弊大于利，与讲者立场相反，更非两研究的吻合点。

  借用原文：we believe a bit of online shopping or surfing the internet at work could make workers more productive

• C)原词陷阱录音确有 reduce worker turnover，但说的是减压可降低离职，并未说离职与允许摸鱼的时间长短相关联；C 拼出一个原文没有的因果，且不是与他研究的吻合点。

  借用原文：it may not only reduce worker turnover

• D)与原文相反原文说常上网的受虐员工 less likely to want to quit，D 却说爱上网的最想辞职，方向正好反；且离职话题也不是与他研究的吻合点。

  借用原文：were less likely to want to quit than similar participants who didn't cyberloaf as much

What does the speaker say about Nebraska City in 1854 when Julius Morton moved there?

时间词后的状况交代。录音开头复述了题干同样的时间地点 When Julius Morton moved to Nebraska City in 1854，紧跟着的 It was a treeless plain 就是对当地状况的直接交代，这种"时间地点重现+随即说明情况"是答案句的信号。

• It was a treeless plain↔There were no trees.treeless = no trees

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念到 no trees for building materials（没有树作建筑材料），A 把它偷换成 There were no wooden buildings.（没有木建筑）。原文说的是缺"建材来源"而非"已无木建筑"，听到 building 这个原词就选会上当。

  借用原文：no trees for building materials

• B)过度推断录音只说当地是没树的平原、缺建材和燃料，并未泛泛地说 There were environmental problems.。B 把"无树"这一具体事实拔高成"环境问题"这种概括大词，属过度推断。
• D)原词陷阱录音念到 a problem shared by many settlers（许多移民共有的问题），D 盗用 settlers 这个原词编出 There were few settlers.（移民很少）。原文是说移民"多"且共有难题，并未说移民少，方向正相反。

  借用原文：a problem shared by many settlers

What did Julius Morton do that increased his influence in Nebraska City?

because 引出的因果落点。录音先说影响力增长，紧接 This was largely because Morton founded the Nebraska City News，因果连词 because 直接把"影响力增大"的原因锁定到"创办报纸"这件事上，因果信号即答案信号。

• Morton founded the Nebraska City News, the state's first newspaper↔He founded a newspaper专名概括成普通名词
• he frequently wrote editorials about the practical and aesthetic benefits of tree planting↔used it to promote his ideas撰文宣传=推广理念

• A)原词陷阱录音说他 served on the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture（在董事会任职），A 改成 served as chairman of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture（任董事会主席）。原文只说"任职"未说"任主席"，且这件事并非影响力增大的原因，既偷换身份又答非所问。

  借用原文：served on the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture

• B)原词陷阱录音说他 organized the Nebraska State Gardening Society（组织了园艺学会），B 盗用该机构名却把动作换成 urged the state to start the Nebraska State Gardening Society（敦促州里去创办）。原文是他亲自组织、并非"敦促州政府创办"，且此事也非影响力之源，答非所问。

  借用原文：organized the Nebraska State Gardening Society

• C)原词陷阱录音里 aesthetic 只是修饰社论内容（讲植树的实用与审美益处），C 把它拼成 engaged himself in a large number of aesthetic projects（投身大量审美项目）。原文根本没说他搞了一堆审美项目，属盗用原词后无中生有。

  借用原文：the practical and aesthetic benefits of tree planting

What does the speaker say happened on April 10, 1872?

日期后"That day"复指。录音念出题干同一日期 on April 10, 1872，随后用 That day, an astounding one million trees were planted 复指该日并给出当天的核心数字，这种"日期重现+That day 复指"是答案句信号，把当天发生的关键事件标了出来。

• an astounding one million trees were planted in Nebraska↔One million trees were planted throughout Nebraska.去掉修饰即等值

• A)原词陷阱录音那天确有颁奖 Prizes were awarded to counties, cities, and individuals，但发给的是种树最多的县市和个人，A 却说 A special prize was awarded to Julius Morton.（颁给莫顿一个特别奖）。原文没说奖给莫顿，盗用 prize 原词后偷换了获奖对象。

  借用原文：Prizes were awarded to counties, cities, and individuals

• C)与原文相反录音明说那天是 the first unofficial Arbor Day（第一个非官方植树节），C 却说州政府 declared it the official Arbor Day（宣布为官方植树节）。原文在 official 前有否定前缀 un-，C 恰好把极性反了，与原文相反。

  借用原文：the first unofficial Arbor Day

• D)张冠李戴录音确实念到 earning it the nickname "the Tree Planters State"，但那是 Since 1885, Nebraska has planted more than 700,000 acres 之后才赢得的，并非 1872 年4月10日当天的事。D 盗用醒目专名却安错了时间，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Since 1885, Nebraska has planted more than 700,000 acres of trees, earning it the nickname "the Tree Planters State"

What do we learn about modern humans according to the hypothesis commonly accepted in the 1990s?

时间状语锁定旧假说内容。题干限定 in the 1990s 的旧假说，录音里 In the 1990s, the hypothesis found widespread acceptance. 把前文 spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago 这段表述归到了那个旧假说名下，因此前面讲迁徙时间的那几句就是答案句。

• spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago↔They moved out of Africa about 60,000 years ago.扩散到欧亚=走出非洲

• A)原词陷阱选项 They spread across Europe and Asia in a few decades. 直接搬用录音原词 spread across Europe and Asia，听到就想选；但 in a few decades（几十年内）是录音根本没说的速度，讲者只说在六万年后扩散、并未说扩散只花几十年。

  借用原文：spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago

• B)偷换概念选项 They lived mostly in Africa for about 200,000 years. 偷换了 arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago 里的 200,000：录音说的是『二十万年前起源于非洲』这个时间点，不是『在非洲住了二十万年』这个时长，听到 200,000 + Africa 就选会落坑。

  借用原文：Modern humans arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago.

• C)未提及选项 They preferred to live in Europe rather than in Asia. 借用了原词 Europe 和 Asia，但录音只把欧洲与亚洲并列为扩散去向（Europe and Asia），从未比较二者、更没说『偏好欧洲胜过亚洲』，属凭空添加的偏好。

  借用原文：spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago

What has called into question the "Out of Africa" model?

Take…例子+测年结果证伪旧说。讲者用 Take the recent discovery of two modern human teeth 引出一个具体例子，并以 more than 70,000 years old 这个测年结果说明它与旧模型矛盾，正是这个『两颗牙齿』的发现 called into question 了该模型，故定位到这例子。

• the recent discovery of two modern human teeth found in the Luna cave in China↔The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.近乎原句的浓缩

• B)答非所问选项 The traces of human migration out of Africa to Asia. 用的是全篇大主题词 migration out of Africa，听起来很对题；但题目问的是『具体什么动摇了模型』，动摇模型的是那个测年超七万年的牙齿发现，而非泛泛的『迁徙痕迹』，B 笼统得答非所问。

  借用原文：the idea that modern humans migrated out of Africa only 60,000 years ago

• C)原词陷阱选项 The human fossils discovered most recently in Africa. 借了录音的 recent / discovery 和 fossils 等原词，但把地点改成了 in Africa；动摇模型的发现明明在中国（Luna cave in China），不在非洲，听到 recent + discovered 就选会被骗。

  借用原文：many new human fossils found, particularly in China

• D)原词陷阱选项 The Luna cave in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 把录音里原样念出的专有地名整段照搬，最易『听到原词就想选』；但动摇模型的是『在该洞发现的牙齿超七万年』这一发现，洞穴本身只是地点，并非动摇模型的证据，D 偷换了概念。

  借用原文：found in the Luna cave in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

What does the speaker want to show with the example of some monkeys in Africa?

例子前的论点句+indicating回扣。猴子例子由 For instance 引出，它服务的论点写在前一句 then there really is no reason to move or change，又被例子末尾 indicating that they found a place that has worked for them 回扣——合起来说明：环境好就没理由迁，反过来人类迁徙必有原因，故答案句锁定这组论点而非猴子牙齿细节。

• there really is no reason to move or change↔There must have been some reason for human migration.正话反说的等值推论

• B)与原文相反选项 There have been changes in animals' living conditions. 蹭了 animals（猴子是动物）这一关联，但录音说猴子牙齿 hardly changed、环境一直 worked for them，恰恰是『没变化』，B 把『没变』说成『有变』，与原文相反。

  借用原文：some monkeys in Africa have a set of teeth that has hardly changed

• C)原词陷阱选项 Humans adapted themselves to the environment there. 借了原文 adapted、environment 等原词，但 perfectly adapted 在录音里说的是『假设种群（以猴子为例）适应了就不会迁』，是用来反衬人类要迁的前提，并非讲者想证明『人类适应了那里』，C 张冠李戴又答非所问。

  借用原文：If a population is perfectly adapted to a particular environment

• D)原词陷阱选项 Humans had access to abundant food sources there. 盗用原文 access to an abundance of resources 的近义词，但原文说的是『若有充足资源就没理由迁』这一假设前提，讲者举猴子恰是要说明人类迁了说明并非如此，D 把反衬前提错当成结论，且把 resources 窄化成 food sources。

  借用原文：has access to an abundance of resources, then there really is no reason to move

What question does the speaker raise close to the end of the talk?

another question引出的自问句。结尾段用 This brings us to another question 明确抛出讲者临近结尾的那个问题，冒号后的 by which route did modern humans move out of Africa 就是该问题本体，by which route 即问『路线』，故答案锁定此句。

• by which route did modern humans move out of Africa↔What path modern humans took to migrate out of Africa.by which route=what path

• A)原词陷阱选项 How humans settled down on the Arabian Peninsula. 借了结尾出现的地名 Arabian Peninsula，听到就想选；但讲者只是把阿拉伯半岛作为可能路线的推测，并没有把『如何在阿拉伯半岛定居』当作他提出的那个问题，A 答非所问。

  借用原文：the earlier dispersals out of Africa and into Europe and Asia might have been across the Arabian Peninsula

• B)偷换概念选项 When modern humans started to disperse out of Africa. 用了 disperse out of Africa 等原词，问的是『何时』；但『何时走出非洲』是前文（第二段牙齿测年）已讨论的旧问题，结尾真正抛出的是 by which route（哪条路线），B 把疑问词从 route 偷换成 when。

  借用原文：by which route did modern humans move out of Africa

• D)原词陷阱选项 Why fresh water is so important for human survival. 盗用结尾出现的 fresh water 原词；但讲者提 Humans need daily access to reliable fresh water 只是引出路线问题的铺垫，并未把『为何淡水重要』作为他提出的问题，D 把铺垫句错当成所提问题。

  借用原文：Humans need daily access to reliable fresh water