2016年英语六级真题长难句

"While we argue phasing out racial terminology(术语) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities(差异) between groups." Yudell said.

"虽然我们主张在生物科学中逐步淘汰种族术语，但我们也承认，将种族作为研究种族主义的政治或社会类别，尽管充满了许多挑战，但鉴于我们需要了解结构性不平等和歧视如何导致群体间的健康差异，这仍然是必要的。"尤德尔说。

Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.

学者们警告说，在南极大陆条约需要重新谈判很久以前，南极的政治漂移就可能模糊军事和民用活动之间的区别，特别是在南极那些非常适合拦截卫星信号或重新分配卫星系统的区域，这可能会增强全球电子情报行动。

It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.

这也是发展机构在环境问题的看法上不统一的原因；虽然一些机构，如世界资源研究所（WRI），认为环境进步需要与经济发展携手并进，但另一些机构认为首要任务是建立繁荣的经济，然后利用创造的财富来解决环境退化问题。

Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.

迈克尔·尤德尔，费城德雷塞尔大学公共卫生学教授，说现代遗传学研究正处于一个悖论中：一方面，种族被理解为阐明人类遗传多样性的有用工具，但另一方面，种族也被理解为这种多样性的一个定义不明确的标记。

Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's "Let's Move!" campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyonce, and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.

目前，对米歇尔·奥巴马的“让我们动起来！”运动的批评日益增多，该运动通过鼓励青少年进行更多体育活动来对抗儿童肥胖症，并已签约歌手碧昂斯和篮球运动员沙奎尔·奥尼尔，这两人也都为汽水代言，而汽水是导致肥胖流行的一个主要因素。

That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.

那个问题，在十几个环境问题上以及在我们多样化的星球上被重复提出，最终将决定人类在追求经济复兴时是否正在以超出其生态能力的方式生活。

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.

千年生态系统评估，一项为期四年的大规模全球研究，该研究于今年早些时候报告了其初步结论，发现有理由相信以可持续方式管理生态系统——与自然合作而非对抗自然——在短期内可能利润较低，但肯定会带来长期回报。

Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.

这是否正确，如果正确，生态危机将在何时何地发生，很难精确确定——这就是为什么政府和金融机构才刚刚开始将此类风险纳入其经济计算中。

The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change.

曾经只属于仆人的房间的地位提升到现代家庭的设计展示空间的地位，讲述了一个世纪的社会变革的故事。

They seem to be turning inward-generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.

他们似乎正在向内转——通常以一种亲社会的方式，当然对亲密关系有积极益处，但往往是以牺牲与外部世界（包括他们将来会继承的社会）的当下和未来联系为代价。

Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.

医疗支出，其通常比工资和整体经济增长更快，由两件事推动：这个国家医疗服务的高收费以及医生和医院提供的不必要护理的数量，医生和医院经常进行比患者实际需要多得多的检查和治疗。

One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.

一项近期的研究试图计算这种“人类经济的生态透支”的程度，并发现我们正在使用相当于1.2个地球的环境资源和服务——这意味着在某个时刻，债务将会到期，而所有那些服务——即地球免费为我们提供的东西——将会戛然而止。

Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high⁃risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

医疗事故赔偿确实推高了高风险专科医生的保险保费，并且有一些证据表明，医生从事“防御性医疗”，主要通过进行检查和治疗来证明他们在被起诉时没有疏忽。

It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

人们注意到，由大卫·卡梅伦的竞选主任林顿·克罗斯比成立的一家游说公司此前曾为菲利普·莫里斯国际公司服务。

That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.

那句话并非如你所想，来自一个刻板印象中拥抱树木、拯救世界的环保主义者，而是来自戈登·布朗，一位以严谨、彻底且最重要的是谨慎著称的政治家。

Small communities, with their distinctive character—where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing.

小型社区，有着其独特的特征——在那里生活是稳定且极具人情味的——正在消失。

Teenagers' mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.

青少年的心理问题往往太明显而不会不被观察到。

But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.

但该研究警告说，正是那些在极端情况下从事所有这三种行为的青少年才真正处于危险之中。

Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs.

这些法案中缺少任何认真控制医疗事故成本的尝试。

Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.

几乎所有专家都同意，按服务收费制度——医生因医疗服务的数量而非其质量或有效性而获得报酬——是医疗费用如此高昂的一个主要原因。

Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.

这使得厨房成为现代房屋的核心这一点显得奇怪：就像大厅之于中世纪城堡一样，厨房之于21世纪的家也是如此。

M: And we also need to plan ahead so that we are in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable, and even more so, too, for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements.

M：并且我们也需要提前计划，以便我们能够应对那些已经不可避免的气候变化的可能程度，并且对于那些如果我们不能达成全球协议就可能出现的程度，更是如此。

A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn't otherwise be countering or be at risk for.

很多时候，人们并没有真正意识到他们所产生的影响，或者这样一个事实，即把它们与其他药物联合服用可能会使你面临更大的风险，而这种风险是你原本不会去应对或不会面临的。

Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next.

尽管如此，尽管这一切令人印象深刻，但与接下来的事情相比，它可能是微不足道的。

Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything.

或许许多大学给学生提供如此少东西的原因是他们知道在顶尖大学学习即使你什么都没学到仍然是一项极好的投资。

Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories, made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder.

运动饮料，通常富含糖和卡路里，构成了大部分食品和饮料交易，碳酸饮料和快餐填补了剩余部分。

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring.

不幸的是，芝加哥的工会坚持认为，那些被解雇的教师——通常是因为工作效率低下——应该在新招聘中获得优先权。

One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.

推高医疗费用的一个主要因素是医生的报酬是基于护理的数量而非其效果。

The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.

这些变更将必须由国会作为一个整体批准或否决，这使得狭隘利益游说团体难以迫使立法者屈从于他们的意愿。

A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked.

足足有18%的人甚至退回了设备，直到他们觉得能够获得更安全的保障，防止他们的敏感信息被黑客入侵。

It's a solution for us—getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective—and it could give vulnerable oaks and pines the option to truly "make like a tree and leave."

这对我们来说是一种解决方案——让鸟类来做这项工作既便宜又有效——并且它可以给易受伤害的橡树和松树真正“像树一样离开”的选择。

However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.

然而，巴西的一连串不幸为中国创造了机会，一家中国公司在2015年赢得了价值1亿美元的重建巴西站的合同。

The bird Clark's nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic(共生的) relationship with several pine species, most notably the whitebark pine.

例如，克拉克星鸦这种鸟每年藏匿多达100,000颗种子，这些种子距离种子来源地远达30公里，并且与几种松树物种有着非常密切的共生关系，其中最显著的是白皮松。

Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place.

在怀俄明州缓缓起伏的平原中央拔地而起超过1000英尺，这巨大的岩石柱看起来仿佛是从另一个时空被投放到这个位置的。

One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.

这个群体中阿尔茨海默病死亡人数上升的一个原因可能是，即使人们战胜了死于癌症等其他疾病的可能性，患上这种疾病仍然是可能的。

It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places.

它正在建造其第二艘破冰船，并在一个海拔13,422英尺的冰穹上开展研究钻探作业，该冰穹是地球上最冷的地方之一。

"There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it," he said.

“这些事物推进的速度与我们消化它的方式之间存在不协调，”他说。

That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.

对于任何可能希望智能手表能够为日趋成熟的智能手机和平板电脑市场收复失地的公司来说，那都是坏消息。

The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition.

政府不情愿地采取了一项明智的公共卫生政策，但由于明显的过度谨慎，任何应得的政治功劳都属于反对党。

And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.

而且显然要由高排放国家的当代领导人来决定他们是想被铭记为气候变化的暴君还是先驱。

Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university.

无论你的天赋如何，要在大多数领域获得一份领先的工作而没有上过大学是极其困难的。

"But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life." Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them.

但是，在过去几年，特别是在今年，我们开始看到公司正在从最大屏幕尺寸、最小外形或最闪亮的产品是什么，更多地转向所有这些设备在消费者生活中实际能做什么。甚至过去一直备受瞩目，并达到了适合拉斯维加斯舞台的戏剧性和表演性水平的科技新闻发布会，也呈现出不同的倾向。

The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs—up from 73% just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress.

83%的美国员工——比一年前的73%有所上升——对他们的工作感到压力，他们说低薪酬和不合理的工作量是他们的首要压力来源。

The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as sketchy.

《巴黎协定》被广泛赞誉为所有人应对气候变化的积极进步，尽管关于解决“气候正义”的细节最多只能说是粗略的。

Many of the world's most climate vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions.

世界上许多最易受气候影响的国家，其中大多数是非洲国家或小岛屿国家，产生的排放量非常少。

The purpose of today's lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small- and medium-sized enterprises which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology.

正如你从标题和摘要中看到的，今天讲座的目的是更详细地研究中小型企业面临的问题，这些问题至少部分是由于必须适应技术的快速进步而产生的。

Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütte-Lihotsky.

弗雷德里克的中心思想，即“炉灶、水槽和厨房餐桌必须以完全避免不必要步骤的方式放置”，启发了第一个完全一体化的厨房，该厨房由玛格丽特·舒特-利霍茨基在20世纪20年代设计。

Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior.

国会需要找到勇气来允许联邦医疗保险优先支付被证明更优的治疗。

Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence.

莫菲特说，为什么有些孩子比其他孩子有更好的自控力仍然不清楚，尽管她说其他研究人员发现这主要是一种习得行为，具有相对较少的遗传影响。

Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known.

也许可争论的事情较少，因为国家处于一段平静时期，并且药物滥用和其他不健康行为的危险是众所周知的。